If you haven't heard, it's kind of been in the news of it recently.

如果你沒聽說過，最近它的新聞裡也算是有了。

But the US being interested in the island is old news.

但美國對該島感興趣是舊聞。

America has had a long history of purchasing land like the Louisiana territory in 18 03 Florida in 18 19 California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona in 18 48 with money and guns in Alaska in 18 67 the U.

美國購買土地的歷史悠久，如18 03年的路易斯安那領地，18 19年的加利福尼亞州，內華達州，猶他州和亞利桑那州，18 48年用錢和槍在阿拉斯加，18 67年的美國。

S has been steadily buying up European properties in North America like it's monopoly for centuries.

S公司幾百年來一直像壟斷一樣，穩步收購北美的歐洲房產。

And since Greenland is in the neighborhood to, there's been an interest for a long time.

而由於綠地就在附近到，所以早就有了興趣。

Greenland is geographically a part of the North American continent, after all, although it's essentially belonged to European powers for a millennium.

格陵蘭島在地理上畢竟是北美大陸的一部分，雖然千年來基本上屬於歐洲列強。

Currently, Greenland is owned by the Kingdom of Denmark and represents what is by far the largest remaining European possession in the Western Hemisphere.

目前，格陵蘭為丹麥王國所有，是迄今為止歐洲在西半球最大的剩餘領土。

Greenland itself is the world's largest island, and it's roughly 50 times bigger than Denmark itself is.

格陵蘭島本身是世界上最大的島嶼，它的面積大概是丹麥本身的50倍。

And because of it, Denmark is, surprisingly, the 12th largest country in the world, ahead of some other places that you'd assume would be bigger, like Saudi Arabia, Mexico or Indonesia for a sense of scale on just how huge Greenland is.

正因為如此，丹麥竟然是世界上第12大國家，領先於其他一些你認為會更大的地方，比如沙特阿拉伯、墨西哥或印度尼西亞，可見格陵蘭島的規模有多大。

Here's a map with it placed over the United States, where the southern tip starts in the southern tip of Texas and stretches all the way up past Minneapolis in into Ontario, Canada.

這是一張地圖，它放在美國的上空，南端從德克薩斯州的南端開始，一直延伸到加拿大的安大略省，經過明尼阿波利斯。

Greenland is gigantic, but for all of its massive size, it has an inversely tiny population.

格陵蘭島是巨大的，但儘管它的面積很大，但它的人口卻極少。

The island is home to a mere 56,000 people, most of whom are indigenous in you.

島上僅有5.6萬人口，其中大部分是你的土著人。

It's about one third of Greenland's population lives in the town of Nuke, the largest town which serves at the island's capital city and is home to 18,000 people.

大約三分之一的格陵蘭人口居住在努克鎮，這個最大的鎮子是島上的首府，有18000人。

Most of the economy is currently based around fishing, while the ownership of Greenland is technically a net negative.

目前大部分經濟都是圍繞著漁業展開的，而格陵蘭島的所有權在技術上是淨負值。

Currently for the Danish government, you see, Greenland is an autonomous region that exists inside of the Kingdom of Denmark.

目前對於丹麥政府來說，你看，格陵蘭島是存在於丹麥王國內部的一個自治區。

This means that Greenland controls their own police, their own immigration and borders, sets their own laws, has their own legal system and essentially governs themselves, while Denmark maintains control over foreign affairs, defense of the island and monetary policy.

這意味著格陵蘭控制著自己的警察、自己的移民和邊境，制定自己的法律，擁有自己的法律體系，基本上是自己管理自己，而丹麥則保持著對外交事務、島嶼防禦和貨幣政策的控制。

Greenland couldn't exactly survive without the assistance of Denmark, however, because Denmark currently provides a subsidy to the island to the tune of 3.4 billion kronor per year, or about $505 million.

不過，如果沒有丹麥的援助，格陵蘭島也不能完全生存下去，因為丹麥目前每年向該島提供34億克朗的補貼，約合5.05億美元。

This yearly subsidy accounts for half of the revenue of the local Greenlandic governments, which employs nearly one out of every five people on the island.

這筆每年的補貼佔格陵蘭地方政府收入的一半，而島上每5個人中就有近1個僱員。

This means that Greenland is extremely dependent upon Denmark to provide financial assistance.

這意味著格陵蘭極其依賴丹麥提供的財政援助。

While $505 million is a lot of money for Greenland, it's a pretty tiny amount for the $350 billion GDP economy of Denmark.

雖然5.05億美元對格陵蘭島來說是一筆鉅款，但對於GDP3500億美元的丹麥經濟來說，卻是一個相當小的數目。

This then begs the question.

這就引出了一個問題。

Why would the US be interested in paying money for a net negative asset like Greenland?

為什麼美國會對花錢買格陵蘭這樣的淨負資產感興趣？

Interestingly enough, the United States has been interested in buying or acquiring Greenland since at least 18 67 when the country purchased Alaska.

有趣的是，至少從18 67年美國購買阿拉斯加開始，美國就一直有意購買或收購格陵蘭島。

The US secretary of state of the time, William H.

當時的美國國務卿威廉-H。

Seward, who negotiated the Alaskan purchase with the Russian Empire, considered the idea of America, also annexing both Greenland and Iceland worthy of serious consideration, he wrote an entire report on the potential benefits of American expansion toe both islands.

與俄羅斯帝國談判購買阿拉斯加島的西華德認為，美國同時吞併格陵蘭島和冰島的想法值得認真考慮，他寫了一份關於美國向這兩個島嶼擴張的潛在好處的完整報告。

But in the end he never made an official offer to Denmark.

但最後他始終沒有向丹麥提出正式報價。

But that wasn't the end.

但這還沒有結束。

In 1910, a scheme floated around inside of the U.

1910年，在美國內部浮現了一個計劃。

S.

S.

Government.

政府：

Some Danes had approached the U.

一些丹麥人曾向烏。

S ambassador in Copenhagen with a bizarre proposal.

S大使在哥本哈根提出了一個奇怪的建議。

The United States, which trade the island of Mindanao in the Philippines, which was a US colony of the time with Denmark in exchange for Greenland and the Danish West Indies.

美國，用菲律賓的棉蘭老島進行貿易，而棉蘭老島是當時美國與丹麥交換格陵蘭島和丹麥西印度群島的殖民地。

Denmark would then trade Mindanao to Germany in exchange for northern Schleswig being returned to Denmark.

丹麥就會把棉蘭老島換給德國，以換取石勒蘇益格北部歸還丹麥。

As convoluted as that is, it didn't really work out that way because the world decided to fight.

雖然很曲折，但因為世界決定要打，所以並沒有真正做到這一點。

World War One in Germany gave Denmark back northern Schleswig for free anyway, but the US wasn't about to give up on buying Greenland just yet, But First America had to buy another Danish property, the Danish West Indies.

一戰中德國無論如何也要把北石勒蘇益格免費還給丹麥，但美國還不打算放棄購買格陵蘭島，但第一美國必須購買丹麥的另一處財產，丹麥西印度群島。

This was the last and most recent territorial acquisition that America has paid for.

這是美國付出的最後也是最近的一次領土收購。

In 1917, they paid $25 million for them, or about $500 million in today's money.

1917年，他們為其支付了2500萬美元，按今天的貨幣計算，約為5億美元。

They became the U.

他們成為U。

S Virgin Islands in America, grew temporarily satisfied with buying up Denmark's colonies until another world war happened, where America occupied Greenland to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Germans After the war ended, America didn't really want to leave, and they offered Denmark $100 million or $1.3 billion today for sale.

美屬維爾京群島，暫時滿足於買下丹麥的殖民地，直到另一場世界大戰發生，美國為了防止格陵蘭島落入德國人手中，佔領了格陵蘭島 戰爭結束後，美國並不想真的離開，他們給丹麥開出了1億美元，也就是今天的13億美元的價格出售。

Greenland was considered a very strategic location during the Cold War for America to control for a number of reasons.

格陵蘭島在冷戰期間被認為是美國控制的一個非常具有戰略意義的地點，原因有很多。

Because a Greenland is located almost exactly at the halfway point between Washington, D.

因為一個格林蘭幾乎正好位於華盛頓特區的中間點。

C and Moscow be, it's actually very close to the Soviet Union.

C和莫斯科是，它其實離蘇聯很近。

Across the Arctic Circle, the largest Soviet port in the Arctic, remains was only 1800 kilometers away, and air bases in 1946 would give American bombers enough range to attack it and see it could be used as a shield to defend the continental US from.

越過北極圈，蘇聯在北極地區最大的港口，遺蹟只有1800公里，1946年的空軍基地會給美國轟炸機足夠的航程來攻擊它，可見它可以作為盾牌來防禦美國大陸的攻擊。

And a missile early warning system could detect a Soviet ICBM launch Before they were to ever strike the American mainland.

飛彈預警系統可以在蘇聯洲際彈道導彈發射前 偵測到它們對美國本土的攻擊。

Denmark refused to sell the island in America's first official offer, but Greenland was strategic enough that the U.

丹麥拒絕在美國的第一次正式報價中出售該島，但格陵蘭島具有足夠的戰略意義，美國。

S.

S.

Established the Tooley Air Force Base in the North anyway, which in the 19 sixties grew to have over 10 1000 service members present.

建立了反正在北方的託利空軍基地，在1960年代發展到有超過10 1000名軍人在場。

And it overshadowed Nuke to become the island's largest settlement at that time, 25% of Greenland's population where American military service members.

並且蓋過了努克，成為當時島上最大的定居點，格陵蘭島25%的人口是美國軍人。

However, after the end of the Cold War, the strategic significance of both Greenland and the airbase began to decline to the point where today, truly airbase is home to only 600 service members.

然而，冷戰結束後，格陵蘭島和空軍基地的戰略意義都開始下降，以至於今天，真正的空軍基地只有600名軍人。

But that still begs the question, though, as to why America would want to buy the island in 2019, there are a few reasons to consider.

不過這還是讓人疑惑，為什麼美國要在2019年買下這個島，有幾個原因可以考慮。

First of all, the potential purchase would be the largest territorial acquisition in American history, even over shadowing the Louisiana purchase in 18 03 But most importantly, Greenland is going to become vastly more important later on in the 21st century.

首先，這次潛在的收購將是美國曆史上最大的領土收購，甚至超過了18 03年路易斯安那的收購，但最重要的是，格陵蘭島在21世紀以後將變得極其重要。

It's no surprise that the planet is warming up and the ice sheets on Greenland are in retreat.

地球正在變暖，格陵蘭島的冰層正在退縮，這並不奇怪。

Part of why there so little people and development on the island is because of the island's geography.

島上之所以人煙稀少，發展緩慢，一部分原因是島上的地理環境。

I mean, just look at this map.

我是說，看看這張地圖就知道了。

80% of the entire island is covered by this big sheet of ice, and it's over two kilometers thick.

整個島嶼80%的面積都被這塊大冰層覆蓋，厚度超過兩公里。

However, it's melting.

然而，它正在融化。

While the pace of global warming is set toe overwhelmingly become a net negative for humanity in general, it does come with its certain potential benefits.

雖然全球變暖的速度被設定為絕大部分成為人類的淨負值，但它也有一定的潛在好處。

The Arctic has always been a region of the world that's rich in natural resource is.

北極一直是世界上自然資源豐富的地區是。

But it's also always been incredibly difficult and expensive to access because of the region, severely cold temperatures and whether the U.

但由於地區、嚴寒的氣溫以及美國是否有，它的訪問難度和成本也一直非常高。

S Geological Survey, for example, has estimated that 22% of all the world's undiscovered and accessible oil and gas reserves are located in the Arctic.

例如，據S地質調查局估計，世界上所有未發現和可利用的石油和天然氣儲量中，有22%位於北極地區。

That's a about 412 billion barrels worth, or over 1.5 times the amount of all the oil located in Saudi Arabia.

這是一個約4120億桶的價值，也就是位於沙特阿拉伯的所有石油的1.5倍以上。

When the ice melts and the cost of mining goes down, whoever controls Greenland controls the biggest piece of land in the Arctic and controls the biggest claim toe all of that sweet, sweet oil and gas.

當冰雪融化，採礦成本下降時，誰控制了格陵蘭島，誰就控制了北極最大的一塊土地，並控制了所有甜美的石油和天然氣的最大權利。

And if that's not lucrative enough, there's also the Northwest Passage to consider.

如果這還不夠賺錢，還可以考慮西北通道。

Here is a map of what the route looks like.

這是一張地圖，路線是什麼樣的。

For centuries, the sea route has been largely impassable because of sea ice blocking the way.

幾百年來，由於海冰阻擋，海路基本無法通行。

But with a warming climate, the route is becoming navigable during the summer months, and it could potentially become a very lucrative shipping route that could even rival the Panama Canal.

但隨著氣候變暖，這條航線在夏季變得可以通航，它有可能成為一條非常有利可圖的航運路線，甚至可以與巴拿馬運河相媲美。

But Canada claims sovereignty over most of the passage as internal Canadian waters.

但加拿大聲稱對大部分通道擁有主權，是加拿大的內水。

The United States and other countries disagree with that, and they consider the route as an international straits.

美國和其他國家不同意，他們認為這條路線是國際海峽。

So if America were to come into possession of Greenland, along with Alaska on the other side, they would control both sides of the entrance and exit and perhaps be able to enforce their viewpoint more easily upon Canada.

所以，如果美國要佔有格陵蘭島，加上另一邊的阿拉斯加，他們將控制兩邊的出入口，或許能更容易地對加拿大實施他們的觀點。

Greenland itself is also for full of rich, rare earth, mineral and metal deposits in their accessibility has only been going up in 2012.

格陵蘭島本身也為充滿了豐富的稀土、礦物和金屬礦藏，其可獲得性在2012年才有所上升。

The entire island of Greenland have only a single operating mine, but now, in 2019, there are over 100 plan to be constructed.

整個格陵蘭島只有一個正在營運的礦井，但現在，2019年計劃建設的礦井有100多個。

Whoever controls Greenland today is operating it at a net negative, but the investment potential is enormous.

如今無論誰控制格陵蘭島，都是以淨負值經營，但投資潛力巨大。

Whoever controls Greenland in 100 years from now will be in the best strategic position possible for the future Arctic Resource Race.

100年後誰能控制格陵蘭，誰就能在未來的北極資源競賽中佔據最佳戰略地位。

And some have even called Greenland the most strategic piece of land to control in the entire world for the future.

而有人甚至稱格陵蘭島是整個世界未來最具戰略意義的一塊控制地。

And countries besides Denmark are growing aware of it.

而除了丹麥之外，其他國家也越來越意識到這一點。

In 2017, China offered to buy an abandoned naval base on the island, but Denmark refused.

2017年，中國提出購買島上一個廢棄的海軍基地，但丹麥拒絕。

In 2019, the United States made another official offer to purchase the entire island again, but Denmark again refused.

2019年，美國再次正式提出購買全島，但丹麥再次拒絕。

This all leads us toe.

這一切都將我們引向。

One common question, though.

不過，有一個共同的問題。

What is Greenland actually worth?

格陵蘭到底值多少錢？

F T.

F T.

Alphaville placed the estimated purchase price for America at $1.1 trillion largely owing to the expected value of potential oilfields, rare earth mineral deposits in real estates.

Alphaville將美國的估計購買價格定為1.1萬億美元，主要是由於房地產中潛在的油田、稀土礦藏的預期價值。

If that actually happened, Denmark could both immediately pay off its entire national debt and still have over $600 billion to play with.

如果真的發生這種情況，丹麥既可以立即還清全部國債，又可以有6000多億美元的資金可以玩。

Meanwhile, for America, the $1.1 trillion price would likely just be stacked up upon the national debts, increasing it up to $21.1 trillion at the presence.

同時，對於美國來說，1.1萬億美元的價格很可能只是疊加在國債上，使其增加到21.1萬億美元的存在。

America would also have to take up the responsibilities of subsidizing the island with at least $500 million a year to keep the island's economy going.

美國還必須承擔起每年至少5億美元補貼該島的責任，以維持該島的經濟發展。

The question is, would the cost actually be worth it for either Denmark or America?

問題是，無論對丹麥還是美國來說，這個代價究竟值不值得？

I'll leave that discussion for the comments now.

我現在就把這個討論留給大家評論。

If America did actually buy Greenland, they most likely have to come up with a new flag, and designing one is harder than you think.

如果美國真的買下了格陵蘭島，他們很可能要想出一面新的國旗，而設計一面新的國旗比你想象的要難。

Luckily, there's a class on skill share that could help D k n G studios who have actually done design work on Star Wars and back to the future.

幸運的是，有一門關於技能分享的課程，可以幫助那些真正做過《星球大戰》和《回到未來》設計工作的D k n G工作室。

Teach this fantastic course that walks you through mastering Adobe Illustrator and speeding up your workflow so that you can design your own arts.

教授這個神奇的課程，引導你掌握Adobe Illustrator，並加快你的工作流程，以便你可以設計自己的藝術。

But this is just one of over 25 1000 classes on skill share, which each teach you something that you can use for your job for school or just for fun.

但這只是技能分享上超過25000門課中的一門，每門課都會教給你一些可以用於工作上學或只是娛樂的東西。

A fume or that I would recommend are the productivity masterclass By Thomas Frank.

一個煙霧或，我會建議是生產力大師課托馬斯-弗蘭克。

MOTION GRAPHICS With Kurt's exact and digital illustration using procreate, all of which you can download offline on the IOS or Android APS, you can learn from any of these more than 25,000 classes for free for two months by signing up at S K A l dot s h slash Real life floor 27 then it's only $10 per month.

MOTION GRAPHICS使用procreate的精確和數字插畫，都可以在IOS或安卓APS上離線下載，只要在S K A l dot s h斜線真人27樓報名，就可以免費學習這25000多節課中的任何一節課兩個月，那麼每月只需10元。

Afterwards, you'll be supporting real life floor while you're at it.

之後，你會一邊支撐著現實生活中的地板。

And thank you for watching.

也謝謝你的觀看。

I'll see you again next week.

下週再見。