Name: 如今的埃博拉病毒還有多危險？ (How Dangerous Is Ebola Still Today?)
Uploaded: 2020-11-12T18:25:45.000Z
Duration: 9 min

基礎被動語態

this video is brought to you by brilliant, a problem solving website that teaches you to think like a scientist.

這段視頻是由輝煌帶來的，一個教你像科學家一樣思考的問題解決網站。

情態副詞

The Ebola virus will likely go down in history as one of the greatest scourges of the 20 tens.

埃博拉病毒很可能會作為20年代最大的禍害之一載入史冊。

The epidemic that ravaged West Africa between 2013 and 2016 was the worst incidents of an Ebola pandemic in history so far.

2013年至2016年肆虐西非的疫情，是迄今為止歷史上最嚴重的埃博拉大流行事件。

But the danger of Ebola is both not over in the world and also a little overhyped.

但是，埃博拉的危險在世界範圍內既沒有結束，也有點被過度誇大。

The virus that causes the disease was only discovered in 1976 during two simultaneous outbreaks in what is now south Sudan and what was then Zaire.

1976年，在現在的蘇丹南部和當時的薩伊同時爆發的兩次疫情中，才發現了引起這種疾病的病毒。

It's believed that fruit bats are the primary carrier of the disease in nature, and it was through direct contact with them that the disease first spread to humans.

人們認為，果蝠是自然界中疾病的主要攜帶者，這種疾病最早是通過與果蝠的直接接觸傳播給人類的。

Once infected, signs and symptoms will usually begin within a few days.

一旦被感染，通常會在幾天內開始出現症狀。

That can seem like the symptoms of malaria.

Ah, high fever, sore throat and headaches, usually followed by vomiting, diarrhea and a rash.

啊，高燒，喉嚨痛和頭痛，通常接著是嘔吐，腹瀉和皮疹。

In many cases, but not all internal and external bleeding then occurs within 5 to 7 days of the symptoms.

在許多情況下，但不是所有的內部和外部出血然後發生在5至7天的症狀。

First appearing, blood begins to pour out of every opening in the body, which may lead to coughing or vomiting Blood internal bleeding can cause reddish purple spots to appear on the skin while bleeding into the whites of the eyes may also occur.

初次出現時，血液開始從身體的每個開口處湧出，可能會導致咳嗽或嘔吐 血液內出血會導致皮膚出現紅紫色的斑點，同時還可能會出現出血到眼白的情況。

This causes you to suffer from severe dehydration.

Oxygen lost two important organs, since you don't have enough blood to carry it and severely low blood pressure.

氧氣失去了兩個重要的器官，因為你沒有足夠的血液來攜帶它，嚴重的低血壓。

Depending on the strain, 25% to 90% of people infected with the Ebola virus will die within 6 to 16 days, with an average of around 50% meaning that most likely if you get infected.

根據不同的病毒株，感染埃博拉病毒的人有25%到90%會在6到16天內死亡，平均50%左右，也就是說，如果你被感染了，最有可能。

Your odds air like flipping a coin to see whether you live or die.

你的賠率就像擲硬幣一樣，看你是生是死。

While all of that sounds absolutely horrific, and it is the reason why Ebola isn't quite white, apocalyptic end of the world scale bad, like a lot of the media suggested back in 2014 is because Ebola just isn't really very good at spreading between people.

雖然這一切聽起來絕對可怕，這也是為什麼埃博拉病毒並不像2014年很多媒體所說的那樣，很白，世界末日規模的糟糕，就是因為埃博拉病毒只是在人與人之間傳播的能力並不強。

The only proven ways to become infected are by being in direct physical contact with an already infected person or animals, body fluids like blood, sweat or saliva, or by being in contact with an object that has recently had infected fluids, touching it like needles, close or door knobs.

唯一被證實的感染方式是與已經感染的人或動物、血液、汗液或唾液等體液直接身體接觸，或接觸最近有感染液體的物體，觸摸它，如針頭、關門或門把手。

There are also two other ways of an unknown likelihood that Ebola can spread.

埃博拉病毒傳播的未知可能性還有兩種方式。

Since the virus can remain inside of a man's semen over a year after recovery, it could be spread sexually, and the virus has also been observed to be able to spread through the air between pigs and people, although it has never been observed to spread through the air from person to person.

由於病毒在康復後可以在男人的精液內停留一年以上，所以可以通過性傳播，據觀察，病毒還可以在豬和人之間通過空氣傳播，不過從未觀察到病毒在人與人之間通過空氣傳播。

So as long as you're not touching an infected person or animals body fluids, you're most likely going to be fine.

所以，只要你不接觸受感染的人或動物的體液，你很可能會沒事。

The most common places that Ebola spreads between people is inside of families, hospitals or at funerals morning.

埃博拉病毒在人與人之間傳播最常見的地方是在家庭、醫院或葬禮晨內。

The Ebola virus was first detected in sub Saharan Africa in 1976 and Africa remains by far the continent that is the most severely affected by it.

埃博拉病毒於1976年在撒哈拉以南的非洲地區首次被發現，到目前為止，非洲仍然是受其影響最嚴重的大陸。

Outbreaks across the region took place sporadically in the decades since, but the epidemic in West Africa between 2013 and 2016 was the worst beginning in Guinea.

在此後的幾十年裡，整個地區的疫情時有發生，但2013年至2016年期間西非的疫情從幾內亞開始最為嚴重。

The epidemic rapidly spread to neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone, with minor outbreaks in a few other countries as of May 2016, the World Health Organization reported a total of 28,616 people were infected in the pandemic, with 11,310 fatalities were roughly 40% for the 17,000 or so survivors of the disease.

疫情迅速蔓延到鄰近的賴比瑞亞和塞拉利昂，其他一些國家也有小規模的疫情爆發，截至2016年5月，世界衛生組織報告稱，此次疫情共有28616人感染，死亡人數為11310人，約佔17000多名該病倖存者的40%。

Though the suffering has never ended, post Ebola syndrome is often severe enough to require serious medical attention, like muscle pain and hearing or vision problems.

雖然痛苦從未結束，但埃博拉後綜合症往往嚴重到需要嚴重的醫療護理，比如肌肉疼痛和聽力或視力問題。

And the suffering for the countries affected in general is certainly far from being over as well.

而廣大受災國家的苦難肯定也遠未結束。

The economies of almost every country in West Africa took a hit because of a decrease in trade, border closures, flight cancelations and a huge drop in both foreign investment and tourism.

由於貿易減少、邊境關閉、班機取消以及外國投資和旅遊業的大幅下降，西非幾乎每個國家的經濟都受到了打擊。

One of the most significant indicators of this is by looking at the GDP growth rate of Liberia from 2005 up until the pandemic began, which saw high double digit growth for several years and then a sudden drop to 0.7% in 2014, no growth in 2015 and negative growth in 2016.

其中一個最重要的指標是看賴比瑞亞2005年至大流行開始前的GDP增長率，賴比瑞亞GDP增長率連續幾年保持兩位數的高增長，2014年突然下降到0.7%，2015年沒有增長，2016年出現負增長。

It's been widely speculated that the economic consequences for the region will claim Mawr lives than the actual disease itself cost.

人們普遍猜測，該地區的經濟後果將比實際疾病本身的成本更容易奪走毛爾的生命。

And while the W H O declared an end to the emergency in 2016, the second worst outbreak of Ebola in history is still ongoing and largely unheard of in the Far eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

而雖然W H O在2016年宣佈結束緊急狀態，但歷史上第二次最嚴重的埃博拉疫情仍在剛果（金）遠東各省持續爆發，且基本未見蹤影。

Before Ebola, the area has been subject to an ongoing military conflict known as the Kiva conflict, with over 70 different armed groups.

在埃博拉之前，該地區一直存在被稱為基瓦衝突的軍事衝突，有70多個不同的武裝團體。

Actively operating attacks on civilians have been common.

There are thousands of refugees and over a million uprooted people, since the area is so nearby to both Uganda and Rwanda.

由於該地區離烏干達和盧旺達都很近，所以有數千名難民和100多萬背井離鄉的人。

It means that cross border travel for trade is also common and now than an Ebola outbreak has started here.

這意味著跨境貿易旅行也很常見，現在比埃博拉疫情已經開始在這裡爆發。

Just a few months ago, it could create the perfect storm for a potential disaster.

就在幾個月前，它可以為一場潛在的災難製造完美的風暴。

I traveled to nearby Rwanda last month to get a glimpse of this situation in a glimpse of possible solutions.

我上個月去了附近的盧旺達，在可能的解決方案中一窺這種情況。

So far, 319 people have been confirmed to have come down with Ebola in the area, which includes 49 healthcare workers.

截至目前，該地區已有319人被確認感染埃博拉病毒，其中包括49名醫護人員。

The biggest problems with containing the outbreak here is the active and ongoing military conflict, because health care workers going in to help essentially have to risk their lives twice.

在這裡控制疫情的最大問題是活躍而持續的軍事衝突，因為去幫忙的醫護人員基本上要冒兩次生命危險。

The W H O recommends that they have armed guards to protect against the conflict, and then they risk contracting Ebola itself when helping innocents people.

W H O建議，他們有武裝警衛來保護衝突，然後他們在幫助無辜的人時，有可能感染埃博拉病毒本身。

Understandably, this has caused a shortage of health care workers in a country in a region that already had a low supply of them to begin with.

可以理解的是，這造成了一個國家的保健人員短缺，而這個地區的保健人員本來就少。

While I was in nearby Rwanda, I spoke with a company called Zip Line that is pioneering the use of drones to deliver crucial medical supplies.

當我在盧旺達附近時，我與一家名為 "Zip Line "的公司進行了交談，該公司率先使用無人機運送重要的醫療用品。

While Ebola hasn't crossed over yet from the DRC into Rwanda, ziplines rapid services could help to halt the diseases advance if it ever happens.

雖然埃博拉病毒還沒有從剛果（金）進入盧旺達，但如果埃博拉病毒發生，ziplines快速服務可以幫助阻止這種疾病的發展。

The drones, The Zip line flies currently on Lee Flyover Rwanda and currently on Lee, deliver blood to people that need it.

無人機，The Zip line飛目前在Lee Flyover盧旺達和目前在Lee，將血液輸送給需要的人。

And like I mentioned previously in this video, most of the people who die from Ebola die because of low blood pressure or fluid loss.

而就像我之前在這個視頻中提到的，大部分死於埃博拉病毒的人都是因為低血壓或液體流失而死。

Since most infected people who die die within 6 to 16 days of their first symptoms, a matter of days could make the difference between life and death, and the geography of the area doesn't help its mountainous hilly and the roads are mostly dirt to say nothing of the conflict destroying certain parts of the roads in the DRC.

由於大多數感染者在首次出現症狀後的6至16天內死亡，幾天的時間就能決定生死，而該地區的地理環境也無濟於事其山地丘陵，道路大多是土路，更不用說剛果（金）的某些路段被衝突破壞了。

Transporting critical in time sensitive supplies is hard by ground but relatively easy by air.

運輸時間敏感的關鍵物資，陸運很難，但空運相對容易。

Ziplines drones can carry blood to infected patients upto 80 kilometers away in under an hour from their base inside of Rwanda, and they're working on carrying vaccines to one of the most exciting developments in the fight against Ebola has been the RV SV's Ebola vaccine, which is still in the experimental phase and has not been fully approved.

Ziplines無人機從盧旺達境內的基地出發，可以在一小時內將血液運送到80公里外的感染患者，他們正在努力將疫苗運送到抗擊埃博拉病毒的最激動人心的進展之一是RV SV的埃博拉疫苗，該疫苗仍處於實驗階段，尚未得到完全準許。

But it appears to be at least somewhat effective.

It's already been used on the ground in the DRC, and over 300,000 emergency doses have been created in a stockpile just in case against more out of hand.

它已經在剛果民主共和國實地使用，並已在庫存中建立了30多萬個應急劑量，以防更多的失控。

Zip Line is going to begin using their drones to deliver vaccines like this to hospitals and clinics in February.

Zip Line將在2月份開始使用他們的無人機向醫院和診所運送這樣的疫苗。

But it's ultimately the health care workers on the ground that will be administering these vax scenes and performing blood transfusions.

但最終還是要由現場的醫護人員來管理這些毒氣場景，進行輸血。

The drones in the air could support their efforts logistically and hopefully save more lives in the process.

空中的無人機可以為他們的工作提供後勤支持，並希望在此過程中挽救更多生命。

If you like to learn more about how Ebola specifically targets your body cells, what your body and cells actually do or are, or any number of other scientific or mathematical principles.

如果你想了解更多關於埃博拉病毒如何專門針對你的身體細胞，你的身體和細胞實際上是什麼或什麼，或任何其他科學或數學原理。

The best way to learn and understand is by applying them yourself.

最好的學習和理解方式就是自己應用。

And that's exactly what brilliant dot org's allows you to dio.

而這正是輝煌的點子組織的允許你dio。

If watching my weekly videos isn't enough for you, and you want to learn something new every day, Brilliant offers daily problems now that provide a quick view into math, logic, science, engineering or computer science.

如果看我每週的視頻對你來說還不夠，你還想每天學到新的東西，Brilliant現在提供了每日問題，提供了對數學、邏輯、科學、工程或計算機科學的快速觀察。

You can learn to track time like the ancients did.

你可以像古人一樣學習追蹤時間。

Learn how to use a solar sail to travel in space without any fuel or loads of other things.

學習如何使用太陽帆在太空中旅行，而無需任何燃料或其他東西的負載。

Each problem provides you with the context and the framework that you need to tackle it so that you can learn the concepts by applying them.

每個問題都為你提供瞭解決它所需要的背景和框架，這樣你就可以通過應用它們來學習概念。

And if you like the problem, there is more like it in the quiz on the left, so you can explore the concept and even greater detail.

如果你喜歡這個問題，在左邊的問答中還有更多類似的問題，你可以探索這個概念，甚至更詳細。

And if you ever get confused and need more guidance, you can join in on the community discussion.

如果你有什麼困惑，需要更多的指導，你可以加入社區討論。

Each thought provoking challenge will lead you from curiosity to mastery one day at a time.

每一次發人深省的挑戰，都會引領你從好奇心到掌握一天的時間。

So if you're curious about learning mawr and you want to support real life, Laura, at the same time go over to brilliant dot org's slash real life floor and sign up for free.

所以，如果你對學毛兒好奇，又想支持現實生活，勞拉，同時去輝煌點點網的斜線現實生活樓，免費註冊。

And then the 1st 200 people that use the link in the description will get 20% off of their annual subscription to view all of the daily problems that air in the archive.

然後前200名使用描述中的鏈接的人，將得到20％的折扣，他們的年度訂閱，以查看所有的日常問題，在檔案中播出。

And if you want to check out Maura about Rwanda, Zip Line and the amazing work that they're doing, go and check out my friends, Wendover Productions and Riel Engineering, who each made their own videos about the subject as well.

如果你想看看Maura關於盧旺達，Zip Line和他們正在做的驚人的工作，去看看我的朋友，Wendover Productions和Riel Engineering，他們也各自制作了關於這個主題的視頻。