to the curb. I wanted to help her. I exclaimed  to her "you should have asked me. I would have  

到路邊。我想幫助她。我對她說："你應該問我。我會

helped you." not quite. It's not quite natural  English and that's because I followed all the  

幫助了你。"不盡然。這不是很自然的英語，那是因為我按照所有的。

rules for ED endings. Wait. If I followed  all the rules, why didn't I sound natural?  

ED結局的規則等等，如果我都按照規則來，為什麼我的聲音不自然？

Because Americans do all sorts of  crazy things with the T and D sounds.  

因為美國人用T和D的音做各種瘋狂的事情。

This is video two in our series on ED endings,  regular past tense verbs. If you didn't see video  

這是我們關於ED結尾，常規過去時動詞系列的視頻二。如果你沒有看到視頻

one, don't worry, you're going to be okay. We're  going to not just learn the pronunciation rules,  

一，別擔心，你會好起來的。我們不僅要學習發音規則。

but the pronunciation habits of Americans. So  you can sound totally natural speaking in the  

但美國人的發音習慣。所以，你可以聽起來完全自然的說話，在

past tense in American English. And remember, if  you like this video, or you learned something new,  

美式英語的過去式。記住，如果你喜歡這個視頻，或者你學到了新的東西。

please give it a thumbs up and subscribe  with notifications. It helps a lot.  

請豎起大拇指，用通知訂閱。它的幫助很大。

This is the second video and we're going to dive  deep into rule two. I'll do a ten second recap  

這是第二個視頻，我們要深入研究規則二。我將做一個十秒鐘的回顧

of the rules. Rule one, if the sound at  the end of the infinitive is unvoiced,  

的規則。規則一，如果不定式末尾的音是不發聲的。

ED is pronounced tt-- walked. Rule two,  if it's voiced, the ED is pronounced dd--  

ED的發音是tt--走了。規則二，如果是有聲的，ED的發音是dd--------。

agreed. Seemed. Rule three, if that last sound is  T or D, the ED ending is --ihd: needed, painted.  

同意。似乎。規則三，如果最後一個音是T或D，ED結尾是--ihd：需要，畫。

Was that ten seconds or was it longer? So rule two. The last sound in the infinitive is  

是十秒還是更長？ 所以規則二。不定式的最後一個音是

a voiced sound. What is a voiced sound? All vowels  and diphthongs are voiced, and some consonants.  

一個有聲有色的聲音。什麼是聲母？所有元音和雙元音都是有聲的，還有一些輔音。

First, we'll talk about vowels and diphthongs.  For example, the word agree ends in the ee vowel,  

首先，我們來談談元音和雙元音。 例如，agree這個詞的結尾是ee元音。

agree, past tense would be agreed, with the D  sound. Agreed. Now, you probably learned that  

同意，過去式會是同意，帶D音。同意，過去式就是同意，帶D音。現在，你可能學會了

D is pronounced dd-- a stop of air, voicing  the vocal chords, ddd--- dd-- dd-- and then a  

release. Agreed. But we actually have a couple of  different pronunciations that we'll use for these  

釋放。同意。但實際上，我們有幾個不同的發音，我們將使用這些。

rule 2 ED endings. Let's look at the phrase  I agreed it would be a good idea. Agreed it,  

規則2 ED結局。我們來看看我同意這句話是個好主意。同意了吧。

agreed it, agreed di di di dih-- agreed it-- That's a flap of the tongue, it's not a stop of  

同意了，同意了，同意了，同意了... ... 那是舌頭的翻動，這不是一個停止的

air, it's actually just like the flap T, if you're  familiar with that sound, the D between vowel or  

氣，其實就像翻舌音T，如果你熟悉這個音，元音之間的D或

diphthong sounds is a quick single flap of the  tongue against the roof of the mouth. Agreed it,  

雙音是指舌頭對著嘴頂快速地單瓣。同意它。

agreed it, dadadadaa-- agreed it. So anytime with these ED endings  

同意了，dadadadaa -- 同意了。 所以，任何時候與這些ED結局

that you have the sounds of a vowel or  diphthong, D, and then a vowel or diphthong,  

你有一個元音或雙元音的聲音，D，然後一個元音或雙元音。

it's a flap. Agreed it. Lied about. Lied  ah-- lied about, lied about, lied about.  

這是一個瓣。同意它。撒謊了。撒謊啊... ... 撒謊了，撒謊了，撒謊了。

What if the next word doesn't  begin with a vowel or diphthong,  

如果下一個詞不是以元音或雙元音開頭呢。

but rather a consonant? Let's take a look at  the example agreed with-- I agreed with you.  

而是一個輔音？我們來看看同意的例子--我同意你的觀點。

I agreed with you. It's not a fully pronounced  D because there's no release. That would be  

我同意你的說法。這不是一個完全發音的D，因為沒有釋放。那就是

this: I agreed with you. I agreed with you. Agreed  with. Agreed with. We don't do that. We don't do  

這一點。我同意你的觀點我同意你的觀點同意。同意。我們不這樣做。我們不這樣做。

that release when the next word begins with a  consonant. We make the noise in the vocal cords,  

當下一個詞以輔音開頭時，就會釋放出來。我們在聲帶中製造噪音。

but we don't release it. We go right into  the next sound, in this case, w. Agreed  

但我們不釋放它。我們直接進入下一個聲音，在這種情況下，w。 同意。

with, agreed with, agreed--  

與，同意，同意--

It's the sound but there's not a stop and release.  We just carry that voiced D right into the w.  

是聲音，但沒有停頓和釋放。 我們只是把那個聲部的D直接帶入W。

Agreed with. Agreed with. We like to make English  really smooth and that's why in these cases,  

同意。贊同。我們喜歡讓英語變得非常流暢，這就是為什麼在這些情況下。

stop consonants are not fully pronounced.  Let's look at a few more examples where we  

停頓輔音不完全發音。 讓我們再看幾個例子，在這些例子中，我們

have a vowel or diphthong, then the D, and  then the next word begins with a consonant.  

有一個元音或雙元音，然後是D，然後下一個詞以輔音開頭。

He sued the company. Sued the, sued the.  

他起訴了公司。 告了，告了。

Do you hear that D in the vocal cords? He  sued the company. Plowed through. Plowed.  

你聽到聲帶裡的D了嗎？他起訴了公司。犁過。犁過。

Plowed through. Weighed my options. Weighed  my, weighed my, weighed my options.  

犁過。權衡了我的選擇權衡了我的，權衡了我的，權衡了我的選擇。

Now let's look at a few more examples, you  tell me how the ED ending should be pronounced:  

現在我們再來看幾個例子，你告訴我ED結尾應該如何發音。

flapped or unreleased? The next word begins  with a consonant sound so this D is unreleased.  

扇動還是未釋放？下一個詞的開頭是輔音，所以這個D是未發佈的。

Toyed with. Toyed with. Toyed with. Let's go to Youglish for an example.  

玩弄。玩弄。Toyed with. 我們去優衣庫舉個例子。

Toyed with-- can you say that now really easily  with that unreleased D sound? Toyed with--  

Toyed with -- 你現在能用那未發佈的D音輕鬆地說出來嗎？Toyed with --

toyed with-- what about this one?  Is the D flapped or unreleased?  

玩弄--這個怎麼樣？ 是D瓣還是未發佈？

Reviewed a-- reviewed a-- that's usually going to  be a flap because the D comes between two vowel  

審閱了a -- 審閱了a -- 通常會是一個瓣，因為D在兩個元音之間。

or diphthong sounds. Reviewed a-- reviewed  a-- let's go to youglish for an example.  

或雙音節音。審閱了a--審閱了a--讓我們去優格英語舉個例子。

One more. What about this one? Booed by-- the next  word begins with a consonant, so that will be an  

再來一個這個呢？Booed by... 下一個詞是以輔音開頭的 所以是一個...

unreleased D. Booed by-- vibrating the vocal  chords, making the D sound but not releasing.  

未釋放的D，通過--振動聲帶，發出D的聲音，但不釋放。

Booed by-- let's look at an example.

被噓的--我們來看一個例子。

So for rule two, we looked at vowel and  

所以對於規則二，我們看的是元音和

diphthongs, plus ed. What about all the consonants  that are voiced? That's still rule two. And things  

雙音，加上ed。輔音都是有聲的呢？那還是規則二。還有一些東西

start to get a little more complicated. We'll  look at each of these voiced consonant endings.  

開始變得有點複雜。我們來看看這些聲調輔音的每個詞尾。

Let's start with R like in the word  fired. He was fired last week. Fired  

讓我們從R開始，就像被解僱這個詞一樣。他上週被解僱了。炒了

last, fired last, not dd-- a release, that  would be fired last, fired last, but it's: fired  

最後，最後開火，不是dd--釋放，那應該是最後開火，最後開火，但它是：開火

last, that unreleased D sound in the  vocal cords before the next consonant.  

最後，在下一個輔音之前，聲帶中未釋放的D音。

If the next word begins with a vowel or diphthong,  the D will be flapped, but only because of the R,  

如果下一個單詞的開頭是元音或雙元音，D就會被扇動，但只是因為R。

the rule for flapping is a D or T will be flapped  between two sounds that are vowels and diphthongs,  

扇形的規則是D或T將在元音和雙元音這兩個音之間扇形。

or if the first sound, the sound before is an  R and the sound after is a vowel or diphthong,  

或如果是第一個音，前面的音是R，後面的音是元音或雙音。

like in the word party, or hardy. Those are both  flaps because of the R, DT, vowel or diphthong  

就像黨這個詞中的黨，或硬朗。這些都是瓣，因為R，DT，元音或雙音

pattern. Party. Hardy. So when we have an ending  R infinitive, plus the D sound, plus the word that  

模式。黨。哈迪。所以當我們有一個結尾的R不定式，加上D音，再加上這個詞的

begins with the vowel or diphthong, that D will be  flapped. It's not like this for any of these other  

以元音或雙元音開頭的，D就會被拍打。這不是像這樣的任何這些其他的

voiced consonants. It's just because of the R. He  was fired on monday. Fired on-- rarara-- single  

發聲輔音。只是因為R，他週一就被解僱了。被解僱了... rarara... 單音

flap of the tongue. Fired on. And I should say for  any of these rule two words, if the next word is  

舌尖的扇動。炒上了。而我應該說對於任何一個規則的兩個字，如果下一個字是

you or your, a native speaker might turn that  D into a J sound. We do this with any word that  

你或你的，母語人士可能會把D變成J音。我們對任何單詞都會這樣做

ends in a D when the next word begins with you or  your, like in the phrase: would you-- would jjjj--  

當下一個詞以you或your開頭時，以D結尾，如：would you--would jjjj--。

J sound. Would you. Would you do that for me? Jj-- jj-- so all of these words in rule 2  

J的聲音。你會。你會為我做嗎？ Jj... jj... 所以所有這些詞在規則2中都是...

do end in a D sound therefore, you  might hear this happen. Let's take:  

是以，你可能會聽到這種情況。讓我們來看看。

fired you, fired you, as an example, fired you.

開除你，開除你，舉個例子，開除你。

Fired you, fired you, jj-- with that J sound. How  

炒了你，炒了你，JJ--用那個J的聲音。怎麼

about g? Another voiced consonant like in the  word beg, begged. She begged all the time. When  

關於g?又是一個聲母，像乞字中的乞，求。她一直在乞討。當...

the next word begins with a vowel or diphthong,  you will release that D into the next word: begged  

下一個單詞的開頭是元音或雙元音，你將把這個D釋放到下一個單詞中：乞討。

all the time, dall-- dall-- dall-- begged all--  begged all the time. But when the next sound is  

所有的時間，達爾--達爾--達爾--求所有--求所有的時間。但當下一個聲音是

a consonant, it gets more complicated. Honestly,  there are three ways you might hear it: first,  

一個輔音，它變得更加複雜。說實話，你可能有三種聽法：第一種。

dropped. I begged for a dog when I was a little  kid. Begged for, begged for. I dropped it there.  

掉了。小時候我求過一條狗。求了，求了。我把它丟在那裡。

Or you might hear that unreleased D sound in  the vocal cords. I begged for a dog. Begged  

或者你可能會在聲帶裡聽到那個未發佈的D音。我乞求了一隻狗。乞求

for a dog. Begged for a dog. Or you might  even hear a light release. I begged for a dog.  

為一隻狗。乞求一隻狗。或者你甚至會聽到輕微的釋放聲。我乞求一隻狗。

Begged ddd-- light release. I begged for a dog.  Let me show you what I mean. We'll go to Youglish.  

乞求ddd--輕放。我求了一條狗。 讓我告訴你我的意思。我們將去優格英語。

Now in this one, I hear the D in the vocal cords,  but not released. Begged for, begged for.

現在在這個裡面，我聽到了聲帶裡的D，但是沒有釋放。求了，求了。

In this next one, I don't really  hear any D. I think it's dropped.  

在接下來的這首中，我真的沒有聽到任何D，我想它是掉了。

And now an example where  the D is lightly released.  

現在舉個例子，D是輕放的。

Like I said in my rule one video, try not to  get stressed out about there being more than one  

就像我在我的規則一視頻中說的，儘量不要因為有一個以上的壓力。

option if it's easier for you to always lightly  release your D, that's okay. As you get more used  

選項，如果你總是輕放D比較容易，那也沒關係。隨著你越來越習慣

to English, and you're around a lot of native  speakers, or if you're doing a lot of imitating,  

到英語，而且你身邊有很多以英語為母語的人，或者你正在做很多模仿。

you may find that you start dropping the D  sound more naturally. What we're doing here  

你可能會發現你開始更自然地放棄D音。我們現在要做的是

is looking at all the different possibilities and  pronunciations of what you'll hear when speaking  

正在尋找所有不同的可能性和發音，當你說話時，你會聽到什麼？

with American. When a word ends in the J sound,  like in change, I just listened to a bunch of  

與美國人。當一個單詞以J音結尾時，比如說以change結尾時，我就聽了一堆的

examples of changed. Let's listen to a few.

改變的例子。我們來聽幾個。

So all those had the released D. Changed. But  

所以這些都有發佈的D.改變了。但是

it can definitely be dropped too. Let's  look at a common phrase: changed my mind.  

也絕對可以放棄。我們來看一個常見的詞組：改變了我的想法。

Changed my. It's fairly common to drop the  ED ending there. The more common a phrase is,  

改變了我的。那裡放棄ED結尾是相當常見的。越常見的一句話是。

the more likely we'll do some sort of reduction  there. And that's what I found often happens here.  

我們就越有可能在那裡做一些減少。而這也是我發現這裡經常發生的事情。

I changed my mind, becomes: I change my mind. I  listened to a lot of phrases and the D was almost  

我改變了主意，成為。我改變了主意我聽了很多句子，D幾乎是

always dropped. So it just sounds like the  present tense. Change my mind. Even though  

總是丟掉。所以聽起來就像現在的時態。改變我的想法。雖然

it's past tense. Here are some examples.

是過去式。下面是一些例子。

Changed my mind. When I listened in  

改變了我的想法。當我聽了

slow motion, I don't hear any kind of D.

慢動作，我沒有聽到任何形式的D。

Here are a few more with that dropped D.

這裡還有幾個掉了D的。

What about a word where the last  sound in the infinitive is the L  

那一個詞的不定式中最後一個音是L的呢？

like in the word drill? When it's followed by  a word that begins with a vowel or diphthong,  

比如在單詞鑽?當它後面跟著一個以元音或雙元音開頭的單詞時。

release the D into that word to link it. Drilled  into, drilled into. Let's look at some examples  

把D釋放到該詞中去連接。鑽入，鑽入。我們來看一些例子

where the next word begins with a consonant.

其中下一個詞以輔音開頭。

Drilled to--  

鑽到...

the D made in the vocal cords, drilled to--, it's  not released we just go right into the T sound. If  

在聲帶上做的D，鑽到... ... 它沒有被釋放，我們只是直接進入T音。如果...

I released it it would be: drilled to, drilled to,  but it's drilled to, drilled to. Listen again.

我放出來會是：鑽到，鑽到，但它是鑽到，鑽到。再聽一遍。

Another example.

另一個例子：

Drilled but,  

鑽但。

drilled but. I did hear the D released lightly.  Drilled but. This next one was tricky for me.  

鑽了但。我確實聽到了D的輕聲釋放。 鑽了，但是。接下來這個對我來說很棘手。

I had to really slow it down to hear if there is  an unreleased D or not, I think there is.

我得真的慢下來才能聽出到底有沒有未發佈的D，我想應該是有的。

The most common pronunciation I was hearing  in various situations was an unreleased D.  

在各種情況下，我聽到的最常見的發音是未發佈的D。

Now we'll cover our three nasal consonants:  M, N, and NG. For M, we'll look at the word  

現在我們來介紹一下我們的三個鼻音輔音。 M, N, 和NG.對於M，我們看一下這個詞。

bummed. That means disappointed. We often use  it without. I'm so bummed out. Now in that case,  

悶悶不樂。就是失望的意思。我們經常使用它而不。我很無賴。現在在這種情況下。

because the next word begins with the diphthong,  we link with the D --dout, --dout, bummed out--  

因為下一個詞是以雙音開頭的，我們用D連接--out，--out，bummed out--。

bummed out-- i'm so bummed out.  Let's listen to an example of  

掃興... 我很掃興。 讓我們聽一個例子

that one.

那一個。

--dout,  

--懷疑。

--dout, bummed out-- Now we'll hear two examples where  

-out, bummed out -- 現在我們將聽到兩個例子，其中

bummed is followed by a consonant. First, it's  dropped, and that's more common, and then you'll  

無賴的後面是輔音。首先是掉音，這是比較常見的，然後你會發現

hear it where it's released.

在發佈的地方聽到它。

Bummed that--  

遺憾的是...

I didn't hear that D at all. That  D was dropped. Here it's released.  

我根本沒聽到那個D。那個D被丟掉了。在這裡，它的發佈。

Bummed for, bummed for, ddd--  

無賴的，無賴的，ddd --

a light release of the D. You know, I haven't  been talking about much when these ED ending  

D的輕度釋放，你知道嗎，這些ED結局的時候，我一直沒怎麼說。

words are at the end of a thought group.  There, it will usually be a light release.  

話是在一個思想群的最後。 在那裡，它通常會是一個輕盈的釋放。

Let's look at an example.

我們來看一個例子。

Bummed. Light release. That's a fun word,  

碌碌無為。輕輕的釋放。這是一個有趣的詞。

isn't it? I'm feeling bummed. I'm kind of bummed  out. Or you can use it as a noun. It's a bummer.  

不是嗎？我覺得很無賴我有點無賴了。或者你可以把它當作名詞來用。是個無賴。

Oh, shoot! My favorite restaurant is closed  today. I wanted to eat there. That's a bummer.  

哦，該死！我最喜歡的餐廳今天關門了我想在那裡吃。這是一個無賴。

N. N is kind of special. N can make a T silent.  Do you know this rule when T comes after an n,  

N.N是一種特殊的。N可以讓T變得沉默。 你知道這個規則嗎，當T出現在n之後。

it's not uncommon to drop that T like in  the word internet or interview. When D  

在互聯網或採訪這個詞中，掉那個T一樣的東西並不稀奇。當D

comes after an N and before another consonant,  it's pretty common to drop like in grand piano so  

在N之後，在另一個輔音之前，它是很常見的，就像在大鋼琴中的下降，是以

it's really common to drop the D sound in these  ED endings when the sound in the infinitive,  

在這些ED尾音中，當音在不定型時，掉D音真的很常見。

the final sound, was N and the next word  begins with a consonant. Let's look at several examples.

的最後一個音，是N，而下一個詞的開頭是輔音。我們來看幾個例子。

These are all with the word signed.

這些都是帶有簽名的字樣。

All with a dropped D. Now we'll look at drained.  

都是帶掉D的，現在我們來看看枯燥的。

Also all dropped d's here.

也都在這裡掉了d。

and as always, when the next  word begins with the vowel or diphthong,  

並且一如既往，當下一個詞以元音或雙元音開頭時。

we'll use the released D to  link in, like in this example:

我們會用發佈的D來鏈接進去，就像這個例子一樣。

Signed into-- into dadadadada-- with that D sound  linking. At the end of a sentence, we'll probably  

籤成--籤成dadadadada--用那個D音連接。在句子的末尾，我們可能會用...

release that D. What about NG? Well we don't have  many words here. A lot of those NG ending verbs  

釋放那個D，那NG呢？好吧，我們這裡的詞不多。那些NG結尾的動詞很多

are not regular like: ring, rang, sing, sang,  but we do have the word long, longed. The noun is  

是沒有規律的，比如：響、響、唱、唱，但我們有長、長的字。名詞是

longing and this means to yearn for, to have  a strong desire for. I longed for my mother's  

渴望，這個意思是嚮往，有強烈的願望。我渴望著母親的

attention. Or I longed for my newborn baby when  I was at work. Or I longed to be taken seriously.  

的關注。或者我渴望在工作的時候，我的新生兒。或者我渴望被認真對待。

This is often followed by for, which  of course begins with a consonant.  

後面常加for，當然是以輔音開頭。

The ED ending can be dropped, but also this is  an emotional word and it will sometimes be more  

ED結局可以放棄，但這也是一個感情用事的詞，有時候會比較

stressed. I longed for acceptance. And in these  cases, the D will probably be lightly released.  

強調。我渴望被接受。而在這種情況下，D可能會被輕而易舉地釋放。

We'll hear two examples. First, where  it's dropped and then when it's not.  

我們會聽到兩個例子。首先是哪裡掉了，然後是什麼時候沒掉。

Let's move on to the voiced th. This is another  sound that's not very common in ED ending words  

我們再來看看聲母th。這是另一個在ED結尾詞中並不常見的聲母

we have: smoothed, bathed. These words will most  often be followed by a word that begins with a  

我們有：抹平、沐浴。這些詞後面多半會有一個以

vowel like 'smoothed out' or 'smoothed over'  or 'bathed in'. We'll lightly release the D  

元音如 "smoothed out "或 "smoothed over "或 "bathed in"。我們會輕輕地釋放D

into that next sound. But when the next sound  is a consonant, it's much easier to drop the  

變成下一個音。但是當下一個音是輔音的時候，就會更容易地把

ED ending to connect. Here are three examples  dropping the ED ending with the word smoothed.  

ED結尾來連接。下面是三個用smoothed這個詞去掉ED結尾的例子。

The v sound like in: moved his car, moved  his, moved his, there I dropped the h in his,  

v的聲音像在：動了他的車，動了他的，動了他的，有我掉了h在他的。

that's a common reduction, and so the D linked  into the ih sound because that's a vowel.  

這是一個常見的還原，所以D連接到ih的聲音，因為這是一個元音。

Moved his dis dis, I moved his car. At the end  of a sentence, we'll probably release that D.  

動了他的dis，我動了他的車。在一句話的最後，我們可能會釋放那個D。

He moved. He moved. But when the next sound  is a consonant, you'll hear both dropped and  

他動了他動了但當下一個音是輔音時，你會聽到掉音和...

lightly released. Here are two examples.  In the first, the D is released. Moved me.  

輕輕放行。下面是兩個例子。 在第一個，D被釋放。感動了我。

In the second example, it's dropped.

在第二個例子中，它被放棄了。

Words were the infinitive ends in z like  

詞是z的不定式結尾，如

buzzed, the rules are the same. Release D into  a vowel or diphthong like in: buzzed about.  

buzzed，規則是一樣的。把D放進元音或雙元音中，比如：嗡嗡嗡。

'Buzzed about' means really talked about,  there's a lot of interest about something.  

'Buzzed about'的意思是真正的談論，對某件事情很感興趣。

At the end of a thought group, it  will likely be released like here.

在一個思想小組的最後，很可能會像這裡一樣發佈。

And when the next word begins with a consonant,  you'll have either dropped or lightly released  

而當下一個詞的開頭是輔音時，你就會放下或輕放了

ending, here's an example where it's released

結局，這裡舉個例子，它是在哪裡發佈的？

And where the ED ending is completely dropped.

而在這裡，ED結局完全被放棄。

We have one more sound here for rule two, and  it's the ZH sound. It's not at all common to have  

我們這裡還有一個規則二的音，就是ZH音。它不是在所有常見的有

a verb that ends with ZH plus ED but we do have  barraged. Barraged means to bombard. Aggressively  

一個以ZH加ED結尾的動詞，但我們有barraged。Barraged的意思是轟擊。Aggressively

throw something at someone. And it might not  mean physically throw, you can barrage someone  

扔東西給別人。而且它可能不是指物理上的扔，你可以抨擊別人。

with words, or someone can feel barraged with  emails, they just keep getting too many emails,