Or maybe movies reinforced a misconception.

也可能是電影強化了一種誤解。

You're as blind as a bat.

你像蝙蝠一樣盲目。

Exactly.

就是這樣

If there's a bat nearby, it must be ready to attack.

如果附近有蝙蝠，一定要做好攻擊的準備。

And if there's one, they've got to be thousands.

如果有一個，那就得有幾千個。

Whatever the thought, it's often not a positive one.

不管是什麼想法，往往都不是積極的想法。

But what if so many of these beliefs about bats just aren't true?

但是，如果這些關於蝙蝠的信念中，有很多都不是真的呢？

And in reality, we need bats way more than they need us.

而實際上，我們需要蝙蝠的方式比他們需要我們的方式更多。

Paths represent the second largest group of mammal species in the world, just second to rodents.

小路是世界上第二大哺乳動物物種群，僅次於齧齒動物。

There's over 1400 species.

有1400多種。

They are by far the most diverse group of mammals.

它們是迄今為止最多樣化的哺乳動物群體。

This diversity can be seen in their diets the way they move, whether or not they migrate or hibernate on, especially in their physical characteristics.

這種多樣性可以從它們的飲食方式、是否遷徙或冬眠上看出來，特別是在它們的身體特徵上。

You will see bad that have huge years, tiny years, big eyes, little eyes launch now that shorts now that huge baths, tiny but on each bad is different than what they do in the environment.

你會看到壞，有巨大的歲月，微小的歲月，大眼睛，小眼睛推出現在，短褲現在，巨大的洗澡，微小的，但在每個壞上是不同的，他們在環境中做什麼。

The roles may be different, but the impacts are positive.

角色可能不同，但影響是積極的。

That's a really important to our everyday lives, for several main reasons.

這對於我們的日常生活來說真的很重要，主要有以下幾個原因。

One is that they help control pests, insect populations.

一是有助於控制害蟲、昆蟲的數量。

Pests that are tasty meals for bats can be incredibly detrimental to us.

害蟲是蝙蝠的美味大餐，對我們的危害是非常大的。

Some can kill us.

有些人可以殺死我們。

Others destroy our food, which impacts the economy.

其他人破壞我們的食物，影響經濟。

That's also pollinate lots of different plants around the world.

那也是給全世界很多不同的植物授粉。

And then finally, a lot of bats eat fruit and help disperse the seeds and help regrow places like tropical rainforests.

最後，很多蝙蝠吃水果，幫助分散種子，幫助熱帶雨林等地方重新生長。

So that's where good.

所以這是好的地方。

And perhaps we haven't been so great at giving them credit.

也許我們對他們的評價還不夠好。

But what made them the villain?

但是，是什麼讓他們成為了反派？

Let's start with the word vampire.

先說說吸血鬼這個詞吧。

That's right.

是的

If we're talking about bats as villains thing, we have to bring up this guy.

如果我們要討論蝙蝠作為反派的事情，我們必須要提到這個傢伙。

But vampires come from European folklore, describing a corpse that rises from the dead and feeds on human blood.

但吸血鬼來自歐洲民間傳說，描述的是一具死而復生、以人血為食的屍體。

Not a bad.

還不錯。

So to figure this out, let's start here and rewind.

所以為了弄清楚這個問題，我們從這裡開始倒帶。

Along comes Hernan Cortes.

Hernan Cortes來了。

The first night that Cortez and the soldiers spent in Mexico.

科爾特斯和阿兵哥們在墨西哥度過的第一個夜晚。

There were these little animals that fly at night on.

有這些小動物，晚上飛在。

Then they land on the horses, and then they bite them on eat their blood.

然後他們落在馬背上，然後他們咬住馬，吃他們的血。

Thes, bloodthirsty bats were for into the Spanish Conquistadors because they're native to this region.

Thes，嗜血的蝙蝠是為進入西班牙征服者，因為他們是這個地區的原生動物。

But eventually the stories of these creatures found their way to Europe and onto the pages of Irish author Bram Stoker's horror masterpiece Hold Chocula.

但最終這些生物的故事還是傳到了歐洲，並登上了愛爾蘭作家布拉姆-斯托克的恐怖名著《Hold Chocula》的書頁。

No, not Quiet Dracula, which is one of my favorites, for obvious reasons.

不，不是安靜的德古拉，這是我最喜歡的一個，原因很明顯。

It's a beautiful novel, but I think that Bram Stoker needed his Dracula to move long distances fast on.

這是一部美麗的小說，但我認為布拉姆-斯托克需要他的德古拉在長距離快速移動。

Then, he said, I know what my tracking is going to do.

然後，他說，我知道我的追蹤要做什麼。

He is going to turn into a back and there's gonna fly long distances turn into a human being on by the girl.

他要變成一個背影，有要飛長距離變成一個人上由女孩。

That's the moment when there, the identity and the public image of bats was like that on.

那一刻，有，蝙蝠的身份和公眾形象是那樣的上。

Then it started climbing down like this.

然後就開始這樣爬下來。

Terrible.

太可怕了

The story of Dracula took off quickly, reaching the stage in 1924 and onto the silver screen in 1931 setting the tone for how bats would be perceived in popular culture for the century ahead.

德古拉的故事很快就有了起色，1924年登上舞臺，1931年登上銀幕，為未來一個世紀的流行文化中如何看待蝙蝠奠定了基調。

But wait, what about these guys?

但是，等等，這些人呢？

Let's hear from an expert.

讓我們聽聽專家的意見。

Hello, boys and girls now, not him him.

你好，現在的男孩和女孩，不是他他。

There's only three species of vampire bats the hairy legged vampire bats on the white winged vampire bat.

吸血鬼蝙蝠只有三種... ...毛腿吸血鬼蝙蝠和白翼吸血鬼蝙蝠。

The third species, though, is the common vampire bat.

不過，第三種是普通的吸血鬼蝙蝠。

I lead a group of researchers that studies disease transmission by bats.

我上司著一個研究小組，研究蝙蝠的疾病傳播。

Another area where bats catch a bad rap is the potential transmission of viruses.

蝙蝠受到責備的另一個領域是病毒的潛在傳播。

Virtually all living animals have viruses.

幾乎所有的生物動物都有病毒。

Really.

真的嗎？

Whether bats do have unusual number of human infecting viruses is really issue that's still up for debate.

蝙蝠是否真的有異常數量的人類感染病毒，這確實是個問題，還在爭論中。

One of the most exciting things is exploring whether or not we can control diseases within wild bat populations.

最令人興奮的事情之一是探索我們是否可以控制野生蝙蝠種群內的疾病。

The two areas that I'm quite excited about our one called transferrable vaccines.

這兩個領域，我挺興奮的，我們的一個叫可轉移的疫苗。

This is an idea of an oral vaccine, but it's integrated into a gel, which is spread onto about topically.

這是一個口服疫苗的想法，但它集成到一個凝膠，這是傳播到約局部。

You spread that onto some bats, release them, and then the other bats will broom the vaccine off and potentially become vaccinated.

你把它撒到一些蝙蝠身上，把它們放出來，然後其他蝙蝠就會把疫苗掃掉，有可能成為疫苗。

But ultimately, if you wanted to doom or that would be something called the transmissible vaccine, a vaccine that spreads more like an infectious virus.

但最終，如果你想滅亡，或者那將是一種叫做可傳播疫苗的東西，這種疫苗的傳播方式更像是一種傳染性病毒。

I'm hoping that we'll get there with the bats, but it might be a decade or so, But in the meantime, just because bats do have those viruses, it doesn't mean that we need to fear bats.

我希望我們能和蝙蝠一起到達那裡，但可能要十年左右，但同時，僅僅因為蝙蝠確實有這些病毒，並不意味著我們需要害怕蝙蝠。

Generally, when these viruses air being transmitted from bats to humans, there is really a strong human component.

一般來說，當這些病毒從蝙蝠傳染給人類的時候，確實有很強的人類成分。

Why that happens.

為什麼會出現這種情況。

The capturing of wildlife for animal market and deforestation are examples of how human encroachment on bats natural habitat may lead to virus transmission.

捕捉野生動物用於動物市場和砍伐森林是人類侵佔蝙蝠自然棲息地可能導致病毒傳播的例子。

The species that are endangered are those species that rely on pristine, intact tropical rainforests.

瀕臨滅絕的物種是指那些依靠原始、完整的熱帶雨林生存的物種。

Those animals are losing Mawr and Maura of their space because of our encroaching.

因為我們的侵佔，那些動物失去了毛爾和毛拉的空間。

This is the moment in which we have to think.

這時候我們就要思考了。

How can I help bats?

如何幫助蝙蝠？

That's get such a bad rap.

這是得到這樣一個壞的說唱。

And so another big part of that conservation is education.

所以這種保護的另一個重要部分就是教育。

Tell everyone, Tell our friends, Tell our family how neat bats are and how important they really are.

告訴大家，告訴我們的朋友，告訴我們的家人，告訴他們整潔的蝙蝠是多麼的重要。

Way, every day, way.

方式，每天，方式。

Get benefits from them.

從他們身上得到好處。

Very ready.

非常準備好了。

They get anything positive from us.

他們從我們這裡得到任何積極的東西。

It's time that we change that equation.

是時候我們改變這個等式了。

Mhm, mhm.

嗯，嗯。