Name: 皮克斯動畫工作室的歷史 (The History of Pixar Animation Studios)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:04:08.000Z
Duration: 4 min 26 s

This company pioneered the use of computer animation,

and its beloved characters and stories delight both young and old.

動畫中討人喜歡的角色與情節，帶給大人及小孩歡樂

and today we'll be taking a look at the history of Pixar.

今天讓我們來一探皮克斯的故事

This animation studio was originally founded in 1979 as The Graphics Group,

1979年，這間工作室以視覺影像團隊的名義

and was a computer division within Lucasfilm.

成立於盧卡斯影業裡的電腦部門

the company was focused on technology that would allow traditional Cel animators

這家公司致力於一種新技術，使傳統2D動畫

Early projects included various short, cutting edge film sequences.

早期的作品包含各種運用最新科技的系列短片

These were often made in collaboration with the sister division,

#and included the 3D Genesis Effect seen in 1982&39;s 'Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan.'

其中運用1982年「星艦迷航記II：星戰大怒吼」中出現的3D效果

Despite a bright future pioneering 3D content,

George Lucas sold The Graphics Group to Apple Computer’s Steve Jobs

喬治盧卡斯仍於1986年以一千萬美元將動畫團隊

The company was renamed Pixar after its central creation, the Pixar Image Computer.

並以當時的重點產品「皮克斯影像電腦」為名，改名為皮克斯工作室

They ended up selling this technology mainly to government groups and the medical population.

這項技術後來大多賣給政府部門或醫療機構

之後，迪士尼成為皮克斯的重要客戶

and adapted the technology to their own secret animation project called CAPS.

並運用這項技術在迪士尼秘密進行的專案「CAPS - 動畫製作系統」中

This allowed Disney to computerize the inking, painting

讓迪士尼電影的印色、上色及後製程序

and post-production processes for their films.

Meanwhile, Pixar employee John Lasseter used the system to create sample animations,

同時，皮克斯員工約翰雷斯特也利用這套系統製作獨立動畫

This film showcased the small hopping desk lamp that eventually became the company's mascot.

片中蹦蹦跳的小檯燈，最後成為皮克斯的著名標誌

Ironically, these animations were never meant for a wide audience,

有趣的是，這些獨立動畫從來不是為了討好廣大觀眾

but were designed as tech demos to sell hardware.

而是為了銷售電腦硬體所設計的技術展示影片

Despite Pixar's initial aspirations in hardware manufacturing,

the company's demos were met with huge fanfare.

Pixar was then asked to begin creating CGI commercials.

所以客戶開始要求皮克斯創作電腦成像的商業廣告

Steve Jobs decided to sell Pixar's hardware division in 1990,

賈伯斯在1990年決定賣掉皮克斯的電腦硬體部門

Soon after, Disney asked them to produce three CGI feature films.

不久，迪士尼要求他們製作電腦成像的劇情片

After a long development period, 'Toy Story' debuted in 1995,

經過長期發展，玩具總動員於1995年首映

and grossed more than 350 million dollars worldwide.

帶來超過三億五千萬美元的全球票房

The film also set most of the industry's CGI animation benchmarks.

這部電影更是立下了電腦成像動畫產業的標竿

Following that enormous success, Pixar set about creating 'A Bug’s Life,'

因為這部電影大受歡迎，皮克斯開始著手製作「蟲蟲危機」

That film was originally requested as a 60-minute, direct-to-video film;

原本這部片只有60分鐘，並打算不在戲院上映，直接發行影帶

however Pixar successfully fought to make it a proper theatrical sequel.

但經過皮克斯奮力爭取，這部短片順利成為玩具總動員續集

Despite the 2.5 billion dollars in revenue that Pixar's films had raked in,

雖然皮克斯的動畫電影創造25億美元的營收

the company developed a strained relationship with Disney.

皮克斯與迪士尼的關係日漸緊張

Pixar thought it was unreasonable that Disney owned all rights to stories and sequels,

他們認為迪士尼只負責行銷與通路，卻獲得所有故事及電影的所有權

despite the fact they were only responsible for marketing and distribution.

During a series of renegotiations and compromises,

Pixar created such beloved classics as 'Monsters Inc.,'

皮克斯推出了深受喜愛的經典之作：「怪獸電力公司」、

'Finding Nemo,' 'The Incredibles' and 'Cars.'

「海底總動員」、「超人特攻隊」、「汽車總動員」

Seeing the amazing value and talent at Pixar,

迪士尼在見識到皮克斯的才能與潛力之後

Disney decided to outright purchase the company in 2006.

However Pixar remained a separate entity, and retained its name and California studio.

但是皮克斯仍然是獨立運作的個體，並保留原本的名字與加州的工作室

Pixar released 'Ratatouille' as the first film under their new parent company.

皮克斯推出的「料理鼠王」是被迪士迪收購後的第一部作品

the creative forces at Pixar soon crafted a yearly succession of hits,

皮克斯的創作團隊連續創造年度強檔大片

including 'Wall-E,' 'Up,' and their long-gestating and highly emotional finale to the 'Toy Story' trilogy.

包括「瓦力」、「天外奇蹟」，還有孕釀已久且賺人熱淚的「玩具總動員3」

In 2011, Pixar revisited their popular 'Cars' franchise with a direct sequel,

2011年，皮克斯推出大受歡迎的「汽車總動員」續集

as well as the long-awaited follow-up to 'Monsters Inc.,' 'Monsters University.'

和期待已久的怪獸電力公司績集：「怪獸大學」

Pixar is a pioneer and trendsetter in the genre of 3D animation,

皮克斯是3D動畫的先驅，引領著潮流

and continues to impress audiences with its highly emotional and spectacular creations,

以豐富的情感與精彩的創作，持續帶給觀眾耳目一新的享受

some of which have become mascots of Disney and its theme parks.

有些動畫角色已經變成迪士迪及主題樂園裡的招牌

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皮克斯動畫工作室的歷史 (The History of Pixar Animation Studios)

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