- You know,

- 你知道的

my ma always told me to file my nails.

我的母親總是告訴我 銼我的指甲。

Otherwise, I might just end up scratching somebody.

否則，我可能只是結束了劃傷別人。

[dramatic music]

[戲劇性音樂]

But me ma ain't around no more, ain't she?

但我媽已經不在了，不是嗎？

- Pause.

- 暫停。

This is what a film might look like

這就是一部電影的樣子

if cameras were set up, someone hit record,

如果攝像頭被設置，有人點擊記錄。

and then just walked away.

然後就這麼走了。

There's no thought behind the framing or perspective,

畫面和視角背後沒有任何思考。

and it lacks any stylistic choices.

而它缺乏任何風格上的選擇。

It's what might happen if someone like me isn't on set.

如果像我這樣的人不在片場，可能會發生什麼。

My name is Oliver, and I'm a camera operator.

我叫奧利弗，我是個攝像師。

Let's go in and see all the different ways

讓我們進去看看各種不同的方式。

a camera operator might film a scene.

攝像師可能會拍攝一個場景。

Rewind.

倒帶。

[tape squeaking]

[錄音帶吱吱作響]

Before we do anything else,

在我們做任何其他事情之前。

let's get a camera operator in here.

讓我們在這裡得到一個相機操作員。

That's more like it.

這還差不多。

Now, let's get to it.

現在，我們開始吧。

Before, the camera was completely stationary.

之前，相機是完全靜止的。

By utilizing pans, which are left and right movements,

通過利用平移，也就是左右移動。

and tilts, which are up and down movements,

和傾斜，也就是上下運動。

we can let our actors naturally move in the scene

我們可以讓我們的演員在場景中自然地移動。

without running into weird cropped frames.

而不會遇到奇怪的裁剪畫面。

Let's see this scene again with those in action.

讓我們再看看這一幕，那些人的行動。

[dramatic music] [file scratching]

[戲劇性的音樂] [文件劃痕]

- You know, my ma always told me to file my nails.

- 你知道，我媽總是告訴我，要把指甲銼好。

Otherwise I might just end up scratching somebody.

否則，我可能只是結束了劃傷別人。

[dramatic music]

[戲劇性音樂]

But me ma ain't around no more, ain't she?

但我媽已經不在了，不是嗎？

- [Oliver] In addition to panning,

- 除了平移之外

you can also physically move the camera

你也可以物理地移動攝影機

to reveal scenes, characters or objects in dramatic ways.

以戲劇性的方式揭示場景、人物或物體。

By putting the camera on a wheeled platform called a dolly,

把攝影機放在一個叫做臺車的輪式平臺上。

you can connect two shots into one

可以一箭雙鵰

with a single swift movement.

以迅雷不及掩耳之勢。

Let's see what that looks like in action.

讓我們來看看行動中的樣子。

[dramatic music]

[戲劇性音樂]

- But me ma ain't around no more, ain't she?

- 但我媽已經不在了，不是嗎？

- [Oliver] Each method provides its own stylized way

- 每種方法都提供了自己的風格化方式。

of revealing different aspects of the scene.

的揭示場景的不同方面。

- You mind telling her to get over here?

- 你介意告訴她到這裡來嗎？

- Have you no respect?

- 你不尊重我嗎？

She's sleeping with the moles!

她在和鼴鼠睡覺！

- Sorry, no disrespect to your ma, or Meemaw,

- 對不起，沒有不尊重你媽或米莫的意思。

or Mamma Mia, whatever, but I'm not really the

或《媽媽咪呀》，什麼的，但我不是真正的。

getting kidnapped type.

被綁架型。

- [Oliver] Notice the camera angles here.

- 注意這裡的拍攝角度。

Filming up at someone can make them seem more intimidating,

對著某人拍攝可以讓他們看起來更有威懾力。

while filming down on someone can make them seem weaker.

而拍下來的人，可以讓他們看起來更弱。

Since the hit man has the upper hand right now,

既然現在殺手佔了上風。

we should probably swap these angles.

我們也許應該交換這些角度。

There, that's better.

好了，好多了。

This really helps put the hit man in a position of power.

這確實有助於讓打手處於強勢地位。

- Sorry, no disrespect to your ma,

- 對不起，沒有不尊重你媽的意思。

or Meemaw, or Mamma Mia or whatever,

或Meemaw，或Mamma Mia或什麼的。

but I'm not really the getting kidnapped type.

但我不是真的被綁架的類型。

- Shut the hell up and tell me what you know

- 閉嘴，告訴我你知道什麼？

about JoAnn's Fabrics.

關於JoAnn's Fabrics。

- Listen, I don't want nothing to do with this.

- 聽著，我不想與此無關。

- [Oliver] Close-up shots on a single person,

- 一個人的特寫鏡頭。

like the ones we just saw, can be good

像我們剛才看到的那些，可以是好的。

when trying to emphasize a moment

畫龍點睛

or get a character's reaction.

或得到一個角色的反應。

However, let's switch to an over-the shoulder shot.

不過，我們換一個過肩摔的鏡頭。

When two people are talking,

當兩個人在說話的時候。

these kinds of shots place them in a scene together,

這類鏡頭把他們放在一起的場景中。

highlighting their relationship.

突出他們的關係。

Sometimes we call it dirtying up the frame.

有時我們把它叫做 "髒了框架"。

- Look, I don't even want Beatrice's money.

- 聽著，我甚至不想要Beatrice的錢。

Just take it!

拿去吧！

Take me out of this.

帶我離開這裡

- I said do yourself a favor

- 我說幫你自己一個忙

and shut up when I'm talking to you.

我跟你說話的時候，你就閉嘴。

- Sorry, but when there's no AC

- 對不起，但是當沒有空調的時候

I got a little bit mucked up.

我有點糊塗了。

- [Oliver] So far, we have been using a tripod

- 到目前為止，我們一直在使用三腳架。

to film this scene.

來拍攝這一幕。

Tripods provide a more grounded, static feeling.

三角架提供了一種更接地氣的靜態感覺。

Watch how smooth and stable everything is in the next shot.

看下一個鏡頭中的一切是多麼的流暢和穩定。

- You know, Ma used to say,

- 你知道嗎，媽媽常說。

"Don't speak until you're finished chewing your Cheerios.

"在你沒有嚼完你的Cheerios之前，不要說話。

If you keep your mouth shut, you stay out of trouble."

如果你閉上你的嘴，你就不會有麻煩。"

Well, maybe I didn't listen enough to that last one.

好吧，也許我沒有聽夠最後一個。

- [Oliver] However, filming handheld

- 然而，拍攝手持

can add a dramatic realism.

可以增加戲劇性的真實感。

It feels more spontaneous

感覺更自然

and can follow the actors' movement at any moment.

並能隨時跟隨演員的動作。

Let's see that line again shot handheld.

讓我們再看看那條線手持拍攝。

- You know, Ma used to say,

- 你知道嗎，媽媽常說。

"Don't speak until you're finished chewing your Cheerios.

"在你沒有嚼完你的Cheerios之前，不要說話。

If you keep your mouth shut, you stay out of trouble."

如果你閉上你的嘴，你就不會有麻煩。"

Well, maybe I didn't listen enough to that last one.

好吧，也許我沒有聽夠最後一個。

- [Oliver] While camera moves on the tripod

- 當攝影機在三腳架上移動時

keep the film alive,

讓電影保持活力。

adding handheld moves can keep the viewer engaged.

增加手持動作可以讓觀眾參與其中。

Sometimes the uneasiness of the camera

有時，相機的不安

can add tension to the scene.

可以增加場景的緊張感。

- Listen.

- 名單：

I'm trying to help you before a guy a lot less nicer than me

我想在一個比我好得多的人面前幫你一把

fits you with a pair of cement shoes.

合你一雙水泥鞋。

I'm talking a huge, nasty, tiny little big boy.

我說的是一個巨大的，討厭的，小小的大男孩。

- So is he big or is he tiny?

- 那麼他是大還是小呢？

- What did Meemaw say about-- [phone ringing]

- Meemaw怎麼說... [電話鈴聲]

- [Oliver] Hold up.

- 等等

That cut to the phone right there wasn't very dynamic.

那個切到電話的地方不是很有活力。

When there's a dramatic action,

當有一個戲劇性的動作。

you can stir up the scene

鬧得沸沸揚揚

and inject a sudden burst of energy with a whip pan.

並用鞭盤突然注入一股能量。

A whip pan is a pan that happens so quickly

笤帚鍋是指發生得很快的鍋。

that motion becomes blurred, like this.

那運動變得模糊，像這樣。

Whip pans can also be used as a transition

攪拌盤也可以作為過渡。

between two separate shots, creating an effect

在兩個獨立的鏡頭之間，創造了一個效果

both jarring and surprising.

既震撼又驚喜。

Let's try adding one in as a transition

讓我們試著加入一個作為過渡的內容

to the ringing phone.

到鈴聲的電話。

[tape squeaking]

[錄音帶吱吱作響]

- What did Meemaw say about-- [phone ringing]

- Meemaw怎麼說... [電話鈴聲]

- [Oliver] See how much more exciting that felt

- 你看，那感覺多刺激啊

with a whip pan?

用平底鍋？

It really added some urgency to the moment.

這確實給這一刻增添了一些緊迫感。

- Ah, [speaking foreign language].

- 啊，【說外語】。

Forgive me, kind sir, but I gotta get this.

原諒我，好心的先生，但我得接這個電話。

[phone ringing]

[電話鈴聲]

How you doing?

你好嗎？

Wonderful.

妙不可言

Yeah.

是啊。

Yeah I'm looking at his big, beautiful head right now.

是啊，我現在正看著他那顆漂亮的大腦袋。

His kind eyes are staring right at me.

他那雙慈祥的眼睛正盯著我看。

He's like a sweetheart.

他就像一個甜心。

I almost feel bad about all this.

我幾乎對這一切感到抱歉。

[dramatic music]

[戲劇性音樂]

- [Oliver] So far, the camera has been focused

- 到目前為止，攝影機已經聚焦在了

on the hit man for the whole phone call.

在殺手的整個電話。

Because of this, we miss something vital.

正因為如此，我們錯過了一些至關重要的東西。

Let's rewind.

讓我們倒帶。

[tape squeaking]

[錄音帶吱吱作響]

- Yeah, I'm looking at his big, beautiful head right now.

- 是啊，我現在正看著他那顆漂亮的大腦袋呢。

- [Oliver] By doing what we call a rack focus,

- 我們稱之為 "機架聚焦

we can draw the viewer's attention to new things,

我們可以吸引觀眾對新事物的關注。

forming a connection between two items on screen

連線

that have a physical space between them.

之間有物理空間的。

Watch how this technique can shift the focus

看這個技術如何轉移焦點

from the hit man to the lawyer.

從殺手到律師。

- His kind eyes are staring right at me.

- 他那雙慈祥的眼睛正盯著我看。

He looks like a sweetheart.

他看起來像個甜心

Almost feel bad about all this.

差點就覺得這一切都不好。

[dramatic music]

[戲劇性音樂]

- [Oliver] Before, this shot

- 之前，這個鏡頭

of the nail file seemed arbitrary.

釘檔的似乎是任意的。

Now, the rack focus makes it clear

現在，齒條對焦就很清楚了

that it's an item that has caught the lawyer's attention.

這是一個引起律師注意的項目。

- Nah, he can't hear a word I'm saying.

- 不，他聽不到我說的話。

Can't say you made settling this easy on us, Mrs. F.

不能說你讓我們很輕鬆地解決了這個問題，F夫人。

[dramatic music]

[戲劇性音樂]

- [Oliver] This is an important shot,

- 這是個重要的鏡頭

but if we want it to seem even more important,

但如果我們想讓它看起來更重要。

there are different ways we can zoom or dolly in

我們可以用不同的方式來放大或移動。

to emphasize objects or emotions.

以強調對象或情感。

[tape squeaking]

[錄音帶吱吱作響]

You could do a very quick snap zoom.

你可以做一個非常快速的快門變焦。

This immediately shoves whatever it's focusing on

這樣一來，無論它關注的是什麼，都會立即被推到。

into the audience's faces,

到觀眾的臉上。

but it has more of a documentary feel.

但它更有紀錄片的感覺。

It might not be the best thing to do in this instance.

在這種情況下，這可能不是最好的辦法。

[tape squeaking]

[錄音帶吱吱作響]

Instead, let's try doing a slow zoom.

相反，讓我們嘗試做一個緩慢的縮放。

By doing a slow zoom,

通過做慢速放大。

the background around the nail file fades away,

指甲銼周圍的背景逐漸消失。

and we focus more intensely on the object itself.

而我們更專注於對象本身。

This adds importance to it in a way a stationary shot can't.

這就增加了它的重要性，這是靜止的拍攝所不能達到的。

Additionally, you can achieve a different feeling

此外，你可以實現不同的感覺

by dollying in on a subject.

通過挖空心思的話題。

Watch this.

看這個。

[dramatic music]

[戲劇性音樂]

Dollying in brings the viewer

騙取觀眾的信任

physically closer to the subject,

在物理上更接近主體。

moving three-dimensionally through the space.

在空間中三維移動。

It can add a very personal feeling

它可以增加一種非常個性化的感覺

and is great for a tense moment like this.

並且很適合這樣的緊張時刻。

- [Hit man] Yeah.

- [殺手]是的。

We're still working it out.

我們還在努力解決。

Yeah.

是啊。

Yeah.

是啊。

Wonderful.

妙不可言

- [Oliver] There are tons of different lens types

- 有很多不同的鏡頭類型。

for your camera which each affect a shot in their own ways.

為您的相機提供的每一種產品都會以各自的方式影響拍攝。

Normally, it's the director or cinematographer's job

通常，這是導演或攝影師的工作。

to choose the lens, but a camera operator

選擇鏡頭，但攝像師

needs to know how every lens functions.

需要知道每個鏡頭的功能。

Right now, we're using a wide lens

現在，我們用的是廣角鏡頭。

that is fairly close to the lawyer.

那是相當接近律師。

This allows us to see a lot

這讓我們看到了很多

in the background of the shot,

在拍攝的背景中。

and makes the hit man seem far away.

並讓殺手看起來很遙遠。

However, switching to a longer lens that is further back

但是，換成更遠的長鏡頭，就會有更多的麻煩。

shrinks the space between them

縮水

and brings them closer to one another.

並拉近了他們之間的距離。

This can make things feel more compressed and tense.

這樣會讓人感覺更加壓縮和緊張。

- Frank's gonna take the fall.

- 弗蘭克要背黑鍋了

Destroy that tape and it's in the bag.

毀掉那條帶子，它就會被裝進袋子裡。

Bada bag, bada bing!

他在試包，試兵！

Slap my face and call me Charlie, gotta go.

打我一巴掌，叫我查理，我得走了。

We got a naughty boy on our hands.

我們手上有一個淘氣的男孩。

[dramatic music]

[戲劇性音樂]

- Now let me get this straight.

- 現在讓我把話說清楚

So Greg, or Sammy, or whatever the hell his name is,

所以，格雷格，或薩米，或不管他的名字是什麼。

was just a patsy.

只是個小卒子。

Mrs. Frittata wanted her ex-hubby fried,

Frittata夫人想把她的前夫炸了。

since his rottweiler scrambled up her workplace.

自從他的羅威納犬爭先恐後地跑到她的工作場所。

- [Oliver] Pause.

- [奧利弗]休息。

This whole section, the lawyer transitioned

這一整節，律師過渡

from a weaker character into a more powerful one.

從一個弱小的角色變成一個更強大的角色。

However, the camera didn't reflect this.

然而，相機並沒有反映出這一點。

By altering the camera angle during a scene,

通過在場景中改變攝影機角度。

we can change how the audience subconsciously views someone.

我們可以改變觀眾潛意識中對某人的看法。

Let's try that again, but move the perspective

讓我們再試一次，但移動視角。

from a high angle to a low one.

從高角度到低角度。

[tape squeaking]

[錄音帶吱吱作響]

- Now let me get this straight.

- 現在讓我把話說清楚

So Greg, or Sammy, whatever the hell his name is,

所以，格雷格，或薩米，不管他的名字是什麼。

was just a patsy.

只是個小卒子。

Mrs. Frittata wanted her ex-hubby fried,

Frittata夫人想把她的前夫炸了。

since his rottweiler scrambled up her workplace.

自從他的羅威納犬爭先恐後地跑到她的工作場所。

- Listen, Donatello!

- 聽著，多納泰羅！

- No you listen!

- 不，你聽！

She was having trouble bringing home the bacon,

她很難把培根帶回家。

so now she's over hard with the Mob.

所以現在她和黑幫的關係已經很好了。

So you guys turned JoAnn's Fabrics into burnt toast,

所以你們把JoAnn的面料變成了燒焦的土司。

and she goes and collects the insurance.

她就去收保險了。

- [Oliver] There.

- 那裡

That shift really highlights

這個轉變真的很突出

how his status has changed in this moment.

他的身份在這一刻發生了怎樣的變化。

- You should've kept your rat trap shut

- 你應該把你的老鼠夾子關上的。

and chewed your Cheerios!

並咀嚼你的Cheerios！

What did Meemaw say about--

Meemaw怎麼說...

[bat clanking]

[蝙蝠叮噹]

- Say hi to your ma for me.

- 替我向你媽媽問好。

- Now that the scene is coming to a close,

- 現在，這一幕已經接近尾聲。

a nice way to exit a scene is with a jib move.

一個很好的退出場景的方法是用轉臂動作。

A jib is a piece of equipment with a camera on one end

臂架是指一端帶有攝影機的設備。

and counterweights on the other

另一個是配重

and allows for a sweeping arc motion.

並可進行掃弧運動。

It's a great way to establish a scene's beginning or ending.

這是建立一個場景的開始或結束的好方法。

[dramatic music]

[戲劇性音樂]

How a camera is utilized has an incredible impact

如何利用相機具有不可思議的影響。

on the way a story is told, and can greatly influence

在故事的講述方式上，可以極大地影響到。

the types of emotions the audience will feel.