So, yeah. Communication. It's not always easy.

所以溝通，並不容易。

You're crazy.

你瘋了。

You're crazy.

你瘋了。

You're crazy

你瘋了。

(slapping)

（賞對方巴掌）

But no matter where we come from or the languages we speak, by using these, we can still connect with other humans.

但不管我們來自哪裡，或我們所說的語言，通過使用臉部表情，我們仍然可以與其他人類溝通。

And now maybe with them too.

現在或許也可以跟機器人溝通了。

There are so many purposes of facial expressions.

臉部表情的用途有很多。

I'm David Matsumoto. I'm a Professor of Psychology at San Francisco State University, and I'm also director of Humintell.

我是松本大衛，我是舊金山州立大學的心理學教授，我也是 Humintell 的管理者。

The face is one of the most complex signal systems we have in the body.

面部是我們體內最複雜的信號系統之一。

And it serves many purposes.

而且它的作用很多。

For example, when we wrinkle our nose in disgust like this,

比如，當我們這樣厭惡地皺起鼻子時。

not only is it communicating something to you who can perceive my expression,

它不僅在向能感知我表達的你傳達一些訊息，

what is also doing is clamping down a little bit on those nasal passages.

還在皺起鼻子，

It's preventing things from coming into my body, through my nasal passage.

是在阻止東西通過我的鼻腔進入我的體內。

Facial expressions also communicate to the people around us.

臉部表情也讓我們周圍的人交流。

One of the biggest advocates for this theory — Charles Darwin.

這一理論的最大倡導者之一就是查爾斯·達爾文。

Darwin posited that all humans have emotions.

達爾文提出人類都有情緒。

It allows us to act immediately with minimal conscious thinking or awareness.

它使我們能夠以最低限度下意識的思考而立即採取行動。

And then on top of that, we add these expressions so that we could communicate that reaction to others as well and that helped the group to survive.

然後最重要的是，我們添加了這些表達方式，以便我們也可以將這種反應傳達給其他人，這有助於在群體中生存。

Because of this, Darwin believed our expressions were universal.

正因為如此，達爾文相信我們的表達方式是世界通用的。

So in psychology today, there is widespread agreement that seven facial expressions of emotion are universally recognized all around the world,

所以在現今的心理學中，有七種臉部表情是在世界各地得到普遍認可的，

regardless of race, color, creed, nationality, gender, any demographic that exists.

不分種族、膚色、信仰、國籍、性別、任何存在的人口統計。

They are: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise.

它們是：憤怒、鄙視、厭惡、恐懼、快樂、悲傷，和驚喜。

So this means as humans, we can talk to each other, even without words.

所以這表示，作為人類，我們就算不用語言文字，也可以互相交流。

But can facial expressions help us connect with humanlike technology?

但是臉部表情可以幫助我們與擬人科技溝通嗎？

So the robot is a way to understand human self, for me.

對我來說，機器人是瞭解人類自我的一種方式。

By creating the very humanlike robot, I believe that we can get some knowledge about the humans.

通過創造非常類似人類的機器人，我相信我們可以得到一些關於人類的知識。

My name is Hiroshi Ishiguro. I'm a roboticist.

我的名字是石黑浩，我是一名機器人專家。

What I could learn through the robots (are) so many things, right?

透過機器人我可以學到的東西有這麼多，對吧？

We are trying to develop interacting robots with humans.

我們正在嘗試開發與人類互動的機器人。

And we're studying the how the human can interact with the robots.

我們正在研究人類可以如何與機器人互動。

So in order to develop that kind of a robot, the first facial expressions, and the gazing directions, gazing control of the robot is so very important.

所以為了開發出那種機器人，首先臉部表情，以及注視方向，也就是對機器人的注視控制是非常重要的。

So robot needs to represent the emotions and intelligence in many ways.

所以機器人需要以多種方式展現出情緒和智力。

We have totally different cultures between (the) United States and Japan, right? But I know that we understand (the) emotional expression.

美國和日本的文化完全不同對吧？但我知道我們都能理解情感表達。

There is no doubt emotional facial expressions is a very important way of communication.

毫無疑問，情緒化的眼部表情是一種非常重要的交流方式。

So therefore, the facial expression is very important for android and for having the communication with human.

因此，臉部表情對於機器人與人類間的交流來說非常重要。

Hello, My name is Erica.

你好，我叫艾麗卡。

Meet Erica.

這是艾麗卡。

I think Erica is the most humanlike android in the world.

我覺得艾麗卡是世界上最像人類的機器人。

Erica can have a kind of a natural conversation with the visitors.

艾麗卡可以與遊客進行自然的對話。

Maybe the five or ten minutes.

也許長達五分鐘或十分鐘。

We are implementing the, maybe just major the facial expression with Erica.

我們正在實施，主要是艾麗卡的臉部表情。

Happy,

快樂，

It's all very exciting

這一切都非常令人興奮。

Angry.

憤怒。

I'm done talking to you, please don't come speak with me again.

我不跟你說話了，請不要再來跟我說話。

And it's sad and depressed.

還有傷心、鬱悶。

(foreign language)

(外文)

So android can have their communications by exchanging the facial expressions even if android doesn't understand the language.

所以即使機器人不懂語言，它也可以通過交換臉部表情來進行交流。

There are so many great applications for these robots.

這些機器人可以很好地運用在很多地方。

Whether it's helping the elderly, guiding tourists or even for entertainment.

無論是幫助老人，還是引導遊客，甚至是為了娛樂。

It's all very exciting.

這一切都非常令人興奮。

Oh, sorry about that.

哦，對不起。

I got a little carried away.

我有點得意忘形了。

By designing robots to have facial expressions, humans could more easily connect with them and incorporate them into our lives.

通過設計具有臉部表情的機器人，人類可以更輕鬆地與它們溝通並將它們融入我們的生活。

It's just really interesting because we use our faces to reference many different mental states.

這真的很有趣，因為我們用我們的臉來參考許多不同的心理狀態。

By expressing the facial expression, even if we don't understand our language to each other, we can share some information.

通過表達臉部表情，即使我們彼此不懂我們的語言，我們還是可以分享一些信息。

And because of that facial expressions of emotion are the closest thing we have to a universal language, they allow us to share emotions with each other.

由於面部表情是我們所擁有最接近通用語言的東西，它們使我們能夠彼此分享情感。

They allow us to share the time when we laugh together or cry together.

它們讓我們分享一起歡笑或一起哭泣的時光。

If there's anything out there, they're the single most important vehicle that we have that can bring us all together.

如果有什麼東西，它們是我們擁有最重要的工具，可以將我們所有人聚集在一起。