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  • Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

    謄寫員:Ivana Korom 審稿人:Joanna Pietrulewicz。Joanna Pietrulewicz

  • I'm a human rights lawyer.

    我是個人權律師

  • I've been a human rights lawyer for 30 years,

    我做了30年的人權律師。

  • and this is what I know.

    這是我所知道的。

  • Once there was a man alone in a room.

    曾經有一個人獨自在一個房間裡。

  • And his name was Alton.

    他的名字叫Alton

  • And then seven other men, seven strangers,

    然後是另外七個人,七個陌生人。

  • rushed into his room and dragged him out.

    衝進他的房間,把他拖了出來。

  • And they held him in a horizontal, crucifix position.

    他們把他橫抱在十字架的位置。

  • One on each arm,

    每隻手臂上有一個。

  • two on each leg,

    每條腿上有兩個。

  • and the seventh man held Alton's neck in a vice-like grip

    第七個人像鉗子一樣掐住了奧爾頓的脖子。

  • between his forearms.

    他的前臂之間。

  • And Alton was struggling for breath

    而Alton在掙扎著呼吸

  • and saying, "I can't breathe,"

    並說,"我不能呼吸,"

  • just as George Floyd said, "I can't breathe."

    就像喬治-弗洛伊德說的,"我不能呼吸了。"

  • But they didn't stop.

    但他們並沒有停止。

  • And soon, Alton was dead.

    很快,阿爾頓就死了。

  • When I was asked to represent his mother and his brother and his sister

    當我被要求代表他的母親和他的弟弟和妹妹時

  • in the inquest into his death,

    在對他的死亡進行審訊時。

  • they asked me, "How could it happen?"

    他們問我,"怎麼會這樣?"

  • And I didn't have an answer.

    而我沒有回答。

  • Because Alton had injuries all over his body.

    因為奧爾頓全身都有傷。

  • He had bruising to his neck and his torso.

    他的脖子和軀幹都有淤青。

  • He had injuries to his arms and his legs.

    他的胳膊和腿都有傷。

  • He had blood in his eyes, his ears and his nose.

    他的眼睛、耳朵和鼻子裡都有血。

  • But they claimed no one knew anything.

    但他們聲稱沒有人知道任何事情。

  • They claimed that they couldn't explain how he died.

    他們聲稱,他們無法解釋他是怎麼死的。

  • For Alton had two problems.

    因為奧爾頓有兩個問題。

  • Firstly, the corridor in which he died

    第一,他死的那條走廊。

  • was a prison corridor.

    是一條監獄走廊。

  • And secondly, he was Black.

    其次,他是黑人。

  • So I want to talk to you today

    所以我今天想跟你談談

  • about Alton's mother's question.

    關於Alton母親的問題。

  • How could such a thing happen in our country?

    這樣的事情怎麼會發生在我們國家?

  • How can these things happen

    怎麼會有這樣的事情發生呢?

  • in countries across the world?

    在世界各國?

  • How can they happen still,

    怎麼還能發生。

  • and what could we do to stop it?

    我們能做些什麼來阻止它?

  • For three decades,

    三十年來。

  • I've been representing the families of people of color

    我一直在代表有色人種的家庭。

  • who have been killed in state custody in the United Kingdom.

    在聯合王國被國家拘留期間被殺害的人。

  • And I've done human rights work across four continents.

    我的人權工作遍及四大洲。

  • And what I've learned is this:

    而我學到的是:

  • that if we want to do something about racism,

    如果我們想對種族主義有所作為,

  • we have to first understand what it is.

    我們首先要了解它是什麼。

  • So let's talk about this thing called race.

    所以我們來談談這個叫種族的東西。

  • What exactly is it?

    到底是什麼呢?

  • A fact of our lives?

    我們生活中的一個事實?

  • One of the most powerful forces in the world?

    世界上最強大的力量之一?

  • Something we don't particularly want to talk about?

    一些我們不是特別想說的事情?

  • It is all these things,

    就是這些東西。

  • but it is something else.

    但它是另一種東西。

  • It is a myth.

    這是一個神話。

  • There is no such thing as race.

    根本就沒有種族這回事。

  • Scientific research shows that race is an illusion.

    科學研究表明,種族是一種錯覺。

  • For example,

    例如:

  • someone of European descent

    歐裔

  • might be genetically closer to an Asian person

    可能在基因上更接近於亞洲人

  • than to someone else of European descent.

    而不是歐洲人後裔。

  • So if race isn't a biological fact,

    所以,如果種族不是一個生物學事實。

  • what actually is it?

    究竟是什麼?

  • It is a social construct.

    它是一種社會構造。

  • Which means it's been invented.

    這意味著它已經被髮明瞭。

  • But by whom and for what reason?

    但由誰和出於什麼原因?

  • As a species, we share 99.9 percent of DNA with everybody else.

    作為一個物種,我們與其他人共享99.9%的DNA。

  • But visible external characteristics,

    但可見外部特徵。

  • like hair type and skin color,

    比如髮型和膚色。

  • have been used in order to promote this racist genetic lie

    為了宣傳這種種族主義的基因謊言而採取的措施。

  • about the supposed racial genetic differences.

    關於所謂的種族基因差異。

  • Racism has been endemic for centuries.

    種族主義已經流行了幾個世紀。

  • The Nazis, of course, were very keen to promote the racist lie.

    當然,納粹非常熱衷於宣傳種族主義的謊言。

  • But also, in the United States,

    但同時,在美國。

  • there were eugenic experiments and eugenic laws.

    有優生實驗和優生法。

  • And in Australia,

    而在澳洲。

  • children of dual Aboriginal heritage were confiscated from their parents

    雙重土著血統的兒童被從其父母那裡沒收;

  • in order to create a white Australia.

    為了創造一個白色的澳洲。

  • This kind of thinking is rising again with alt-right groups

    這種思想又在右翼組織中興起了

  • hankering after racially pure homelands.

    渴望種族純正的家園。

  • How does this work?

    這怎麼用?

  • You see, we don't have social inequalities because of race.

    你看,我們的社會不平等不是因為種族。

  • We have social inequalities that are justified by race.

    我們的社會不平等是以種族為理由的。

  • I started to understand this

    我開始明白這一點

  • when I was representing anti-apartheid activists.

    當我代表反種族隔離活動家的時候,

  • And they showed me how apartheid was a system of social exploitation

    他們向我展示了種族隔離制度是怎樣的一種社會剝削制度。

  • and discrimination

    歧視

  • that was justified by race.

    這是由種族所證明的。

  • By the supposed superiority of white people

    以白人的所謂優越性

  • and the supposed inferiority of Black people.

    和所謂的黑人的劣根性。

  • The apartheid regime said it was nature

    種族隔離政權說這是自然

  • and so it was inevitable

    於是乎

  • and there was nothing you could do about it.

    而你卻無能為力。

  • The Mother Nature lie gives discrimination and injustice a pass.

    母性謊言給歧視和不公正提供了機會。

  • I've also found it in cases

    我也發現它在案例中

  • where people suffer from the legacy of colonization and empire.

    在那裡,人們遭受著殖民化和帝國的遺留問題。

  • I've seen similar effects amongst people of the same color in Africa.

    我在非洲的同色系人群中也看到過類似的效果。

  • And how people of certain castes are looked down upon in India.

    以及某些種姓的人在印度是如何被看不起的。

  • The victims may be different,

    受害者可能不同。

  • but the mechanism --

    但該機制 -- --

  • the labeling and the lies --

    標籤和謊言 -- --

  • is exactly the same.

    是完全一樣的。

  • And so you can see why people are so keen to embrace the race thing.

    所以你可以看到為什麼人們如此熱衷於接受種族的事情。

  • Because it gives the privileged,

    因為它給了特權。

  • people like us,

    像我們這樣的人。

  • a get out of jail free card.

    一張免費出獄卡。

  • The simple truth is that race is a system.

    簡單的道理是,種族是一種制度。

  • It's like oxygen, like an atmosphere.

    它就像氧氣,像大氣。

  • It flows everywhere in our society.

    它在我們的社會中到處流動。

  • It infects everybody it touches.

    它感染了它所接觸的每一個人。

  • It protects power and privilege.

    它保護權力和特權。

  • Whose?

    誰的?

  • Well, look around you.

    那麼,看看你的周圍。

  • So what is it like for people of color,

    那麼,有色人種是怎樣的呢。

  • people like me,

    像我這樣的人。

  • to try to speak to white people

    試圖與白人對話

  • about racism?

    關於種族主義?

  • Many, many white people find it extremely difficult to do.

    很多很多白叟都覺得極度困難。

  • Some white people say they know nothing about it.

    有的白叟說,他們對此一無所知。

  • Others say that our societies

    還有人說,我們的社會

  • may not even suffer from racism at all.

    甚至可能根本沒有受到種族主義的影響。

  • So if you are a white person who is wondering about all of this,

    所以,如果你是一個小白,對這些都很好奇。

  • there is a thought experiment that you can do.

    有一個思想實驗,你可以做。

  • Because here's the truth.

    因為這就是事實。

  • You know.

    你知道的

  • You already know.

    你已經知道了

  • So ask yourself this:

    所以,你要問自己這個問題。

  • Would you, would you really want your son or your daughter,

    你,你真的會想要你的兒子或者女兒嗎。

  • your brother or your sister,

    你的哥哥或妹妹。

  • to marry a practicing Muslim from the Middle East?

    嫁給一個來自中東的穆斯林教徒?

  • Or someone recently arrived from South Asia, who is a Hindu?

    或者最近從南亞來的人,他是印度教徒?

  • Or an asylum seeker from Sub-Saharan Africa?

    還是來自撒哈拉以南非洲的尋求庇護者?

  • Or someone who's recently crossed the US-Mexican border?

    或者是最近越過美墨邊境的人?

  • You may not have a total objection,

    你可能不會完全反對。

  • but you may have a concern.

    但你可能有一個擔心。

  • A qualm that scratches at the back of your brain.

    一個在你腦後抓撓的顧慮。

  • It's not because of the color of their skin.

    這不是因為他們的膚色。

  • But because you know that in countries like ours,

    但因為你知道,在我們這樣的國家。

  • as things stand now,

    就目前的情況來看。

  • their life prospects are likely to be affected by this union.

    他們的生活前景可能會受到這種結合的影響。

  • And you realize that you do know,

    而你意識到你確實知道。

  • you do understand that people will judge them.

    你知道人們會評判他們。

  • And in a hundred ways,

    而在一百個方面。

  • those judgments will impact their lives

    這些判斷將影響他們的生活

  • and the lives of their children.

    及其子女的生活。

  • At that moment,

    在那一刻。

  • you are connecting with a powerful truth.

    你正在與一個強大的真理連接。

  • Which is that you know systemic racism is real.

    也就是說,你知道系統性的種族主義是真實存在的。

  • So why do you not want to talk about race?

    那你為什麼不想談種族問題?

  • Because it's uncomfortable, certainly.

    因為不舒服,當然。

  • But that's only part of the answer.

    但這只是答案的一部分。

  • The bigger truth is far more damaging.

    更大的真相是更大的傷害。

  • Your bristling isn't just defensiveness.

    你的暴躁不只是防衛。

  • It is a defense mechanism.

    這是一種防禦機制。

  • It defends the system of privilege

    它捍衛了特權制度

  • and the unequal division of wealth and power.

    以及財富和權力的不平等分配。

  • Fragility gives racial inequality a pass.

    脆弱給了種族不平等的機會。

  • Who are the winners and losers?

    誰是贏家,誰是輸家?

  • Well look at the data.

    好吧,看看數據。

  • In income.

    在收入方面:

  • In health inequalities.

    在健康不平等方面:

  • In school exclusion.

    在學校被開除;

  • In career prospects.

    在職業前景方面。

  • In stop and search.

    在攔截和搜查。

  • Look at how people of color

    看看有色人種如何

  • have been disproportionately dying of COVID.

    死於COVID的比例過高;

  • So if the racial myth invisibilizes

    所以,如果種族神話無形化了。

  • and the fragility response silences,

    和脆弱的反應沉默。

  • what choices are you left with?

    你還剩下什麼選擇?

  • The binary choice between you being a racist and a non-racist.

    在你是種族主義者和非種族主義者之間的二元選擇。

  • Or is there another way?

    還是有其他方法?

  • Because almost everyone in this TED Talk

    因為在這次TED演講中,幾乎每個人

  • will say that they are non-racist.

    會說他們是非種族主義者。

  • But we have to face it,

    但我們必須面對它。

  • being non-something is not enough.

    非某事是不夠的。

  • The third choice is being actively anti-racist.

    第三種選擇是積極反種族主義。

  • So if you agree that Black lives matter,

    所以如果你同意黑人的生命很重要,

  • ask yourself,

    問自己。

  • "How do Black lives matter in my life?"

    "黑人的生命在我的生活中如何重要?"

  • "What have I done to show

    "我做了什麼來證明

  • that Black lives matter to me?"

    黑人的生命對我很重要?"

  • By adopting a visible, conscious, active anti-racist stance,

    通過採取明顯、自覺、積極的反種族主義立場。

  • what was once invisible is made visible.

    昔日不可見之物,今朝可見之物

  • What was once silenced,

    曾經沉默的東西。

  • is shouted out loud and clear.

    是喊得震天響的。

  • But that still is not enough.

    但這還是不夠的。

  • After weeks of bitter struggle at the inquest,

    經過幾周的苦苦掙扎,在審訊中。

  • the all-white jury returned to the courtroom in Alton's case.

    全是白人的陪審團回到了奧爾頓案的法庭。

  • There was a moment of complete silence

    一時之間完全沉默了

  • when the foreperson stood

    當前輩站在

  • and then he announced the verdict.

    然後他宣佈了判決。

  • And it was unlawful killing.

    而且是非法殺人。

  • And at that moment,

    而在那一刻。

  • all hell broke loose in the courtroom.

    所有的地獄爆發在法庭上。

  • And there was just this deafening noise.

    然後就是這震耳欲聾的聲音。

  • People were screaming,

    人們在尖叫。

  • Alton's sister got up into the aisle to my left

    艾爾頓的妹妹站到了我左邊的過道上。

  • and she was pointing at the prison officers

    她指著獄警

  • and shouting at them,

    並對他們大喊大叫。

  • "You killed my brother!

    "你殺了我的兄弟!

  • You killed my brother!"

    你殺了我弟弟!"

  • And the family desperately wanted

    而家人也迫切希望

  • that the prison officers who were responsible for Alton's death

    對奧爾頓的死亡負有責任的獄警...

  • should be prosecuted.

    應被起訴。

  • We all desperately wanted that.

    我們都迫切地想要這樣。

  • But not a single one of them was prosecuted.

    但他們沒有一個人被起訴。

  • So we took the chief prosecutor to court,

    於是我們把檢察長告上法庭。

  • the director of public prosecutions.

    檢察長;

  • And the highest judge in the land,

    也是這個國家的最高法官。

  • the Lord Chief Justice,

    首席大法官。

  • agreed that the decision not to prosecute

    同意不起訴的決定

  • was fatally flawed and unlawful.

    是有致命缺陷和非法的。

  • Every day during Alton's case,

    在Alton的案件中,每天都有。

  • his brother would sit on the courtroom steps

    他的哥哥會坐在法庭的臺階上

  • and he would say to me,

    他會對我說:

  • "Train them up good today, Mr. D."

    "今天好好訓練他們,D先生"

  • But when he realized that nobody would ever be prosecuted

    但當他意識到沒有人會被起訴的時候

  • for the killing of his brother,

    因為殺了他的兄弟。

  • it crushed him.

    它粉碎了他。

  • And he died a few years later in a psychiatric hospital.

    幾年後,他死在了精神病院。

  • So how does Alton's death connect to you

    那麼Alton的死和你有什麼關係呢?

  • and to the racism and privilege in our societies?

    以及我們社會中的種族主義和特權?

  • What do I want from you?

    我想從你那裡得到什麼?

  • What I want from myself is to be put out of a job.

    我對自己的要求就是讓自己失業。

  • You see, families come to me who are grieving

    你看,家庭來找我誰是悲傷的

  • and I see the hope in their eyes.

    我看到他們眼中的希望。

  • And I have to tell them

    而我必須告訴他們

  • that the chances of anybody ever being prosecuted

    任何人被起訴的機會都不大。

  • for being involved in the killing of their loved ones

    參與殺害其親人的行為

  • are very remote.

    是非常遙遠的。

  • I saw these grieving faces

    我看到了這些悲痛的面孔

  • in the springtime of my career.

    在我事業的春天裡。

  • And I still see them

    我還能看到他們

  • now that I'm entering the autumn of it.

    現在,我已經進入了它的秋天。

  • And the summer season was full of blood.

    而夏天的季節裡,充滿了血腥。

  • And somehow I think that the blood is on my hands,

    不知怎的,我覺得我的手上沾滿了鮮血。

  • even though I know rationally that that is not the case.

    儘管我理智地知道事實並非如此。

  • But I could not bring back

    但我不能帶回來

  • Alton or Gareth or Zahid

    奧爾頓、加雷斯、扎希德

  • or any of the others,

    或任何其他。

  • which is all their grieving families ever wanted.

    這就是他們悲痛的家人所希望的。

  • So I'm asking you to see through the lies.

    所以我請你看穿謊言。

  • And to see through one of the most disempowering lies of them all.

    並看穿了其中最讓人喪權辱國的一個謊言。

  • That what we do will not and cannot make a difference.

    我們所做的事情不會也不可能有所改變。

  • I'm sure they said that to Rosa Parks

    我相信他們對羅莎-帕克斯也是這麼說的。

  • and to Martin Luther King

    和馬丁-路德-金

  • and to Nelson Mandela.

    和納爾遜-曼德拉。

  • And they just went ahead and did it anyway.

    而他們還是繼續做了。

  • And I tried to think of them

    我試著去想他們

  • as I was cross-examining the prison officers.

    在我盤問獄警的時候。

  • And I would say to each of them,

    我想對他們每個人說。

  • "Look at Mrs. Manning, Alton's mother,

    "看看曼寧夫人,阿爾頓的母親。

  • and you tell her why her son is dead."

    你告訴她,為什麼她兒子會死。"

  • And not a single one of them could look at her.

    而他們沒有一個人能看上她。

  • They wanted her to be invisible.

    他們想讓她隱身。

  • Sadly, realizing that no one would be prosecuted for her boy's death,

    遺憾的是,意識到沒有人會因為她兒子的死而被起訴。

  • she sank into a deep depression

    她陷入了深深的憂鬱之中

  • and she died.

    而她卻死了。

  • But I'll never forget how, in the chaos and mayhem,

    但我永遠不會忘記,在混亂和混亂中,我是如何。

  • when that verdict was announced,

    當該判決宣佈後,。

  • I turned to her and said,

    我轉身對她說。

  • "Mrs. Manning, I'm very sorry for your family."

    "曼寧夫人,我對你的家庭感到非常抱歉。"

  • And she looked at me and said,

    她看著我說。

  • "Mr. Dias, you are family."

    "迪亞斯先生,你是家人。"

  • And she pointed at the prison officers and the jury and she said,

    她指著獄警和陪審團說:

  • "And they are family.

    "而且他們是一家人。

  • But families bicker and fight,

    但家人卻爭吵不休,大打出手。

  • but we've got to sort it out.

    但我們必須解決這個問題。

  • And we've got to find a way."

    我們也得想辦法。"

  • So how do we sort it out and when?

    那麼我們該如何解決,何時解決呢?

  • Dr. King taught us

    金博士教導我們

  • the time is always right to do the right thing.

    天時地利人和。

  • These contentious deaths in state custody

    這些在國家拘留所發生的有爭議的死亡事件

  • have taken place in prisons and in police stations.

    在監獄和警察局發生的事件;

  • But finally, the spotlight has been shone on them

    但最終,聚光燈還是照到了他們身上。

  • by the horrendous death of George Floyd.

    由喬治-弗洛伊德的可怕死亡。

  • Now we can't say that we didn't know.

    現在我們不能說不知道。

  • The COVID crisis and George Floyd's death

    COVID危機和喬治-弗洛伊德之死。

  • have shocked us out of our complacency.

    震驚了我們的自滿情緒。

  • They put the world in flux,

    他們讓世界處於變化之中。

  • because what has been seen cannot be unseen.

    因為已經看到的東西不可能看不到。

  • So right now is a historic moment of change.

    所以現在是一個歷史性的變革時刻。

  • Now is the time to take action

    現在是採取行動的時候了

  • in our spheres of influence,

    在我們的勢力範圍內,

  • and we all have them.

    而我們都有。

  • We have voting power,

    我們有投票權。

  • we have pocket power,

    我們有口袋裡的權力。

  • where we spend our money and what we spend it on.

    我們把錢花在哪裡,花在什麼地方。

  • We have the power to confront racism wherever and whenever we find it.

    我們有能力對抗種族主義,無論何時何地。

  • Those of you listening today,

    今天聽的人。

  • who have benefited from that privilege,

    受益於這種特權的人,

  • have the opportunity to turn it on its head

    逢凶化吉

  • and to demand that society changes.

    並要求社會改變。

  • Ultimately what happens is now in our hands.

    最終會發生什麼,現在掌握在我們手中。

  • And this is what I know.

    這是我所知道的。

  • When someone in state custody says, "I can't breathe,"

    當一個被國家拘留的人說:"我不能呼吸了"

  • they are in mortal danger.

    他們正處於致命的危險之中。

  • But when a society doesn't challenge the oxygen of racism

    但是,當一個社會沒有挑戰 種族主義的氧氣,

  • that everyone breathes every day,

    每個人每天都在呼吸。

  • the hope for racial justice and equality in that society

    在該社會中實現種族公正和平等的希望。

  • is also in mortal danger.

    也有致命的危險。

  • There can't be any more Altons,

    不能有更多的Altons。

  • and Gareths and Zahids,

    和Gareths和Zahids。

  • and Olasenis and Jimmys and Seans

    和Olasenis和Jimmys和Seans。

  • and Sherrys and Breonnas

    以及Sherrys和Breonnas

  • and Christophers and Georges.

    和克里斯托弗和喬治。

  • But this isn't just about deaths,

    但這不僅僅是死亡的問題。

  • but about life.

    但關於生活。

  • And about our human flourishing together.

    而關於我們人類的共同繁榮。

  • And all of us are needed for that.

    而我們所有人都需要這樣做。

  • Racism wants to stay invisible.

    種族主義想要保持隱形。

  • Expose it.

    暴露它。

  • Racism wants your silence.

    種族主義想要你的沉默。

  • Make a noise.

    發出聲音。

  • Racism wants your apathy.

    種族主義想要你的冷漠。

  • Make a commitment now to use your voice

    現在就承諾使用您的聲音

  • and your privilege and your power

    和你的特權和權力

  • to fight for racial justice always,

    始終為種族正義而鬥爭;

  • and to join the crescendo of voices calling for change.

    並加入要求變革的聲音的高潮,

  • And to be part of the hope.

    併成為希望的一部分。

  • Will you join us?

    你會加入我們嗎?

Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

謄寫員:Ivana Korom 審稿人:Joanna Pietrulewicz。Joanna Pietrulewicz

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