BBC Learning English. I'm Rob.

BBC學習英語。我是羅伯。

And I'm Sam.

我是山姆。

Having your photograph appear on the

讓您的照片出現在

cover of a magazine makes

雜誌封面

you famous around the

聞名遐邇

world. But imagine if that photo showed

的世界。但想象一下，如果那張照片顯示

you hugging and playing

你抱著玩

with wild chimpanzees!

和野生黑猩猩一起！

That's exactly what happened to

這正是發生在我身上的事

Jane Goodall who shot to fame

揚名立萬的簡-古道爾

in 1965 when she appeared

1965年，當她出現在

on the cover of National Geographic

國家地理》雜誌封面

magazine. Jane introduced

雜誌。簡介紹

the world to the social and

世界各地的社會和經濟發展

emotional lives of the wild chimpanzees

野生黑猩猩的情感生活。

of Gombe, in eastern Tanzania.

的貢貝，在坦尚尼亞東部。

Jane spent years living among families

簡在家庭中生活多年

of wild chimpanzees.

野生黑猩猩的。

Her observations changed

她的觀察改變了

the way we view our closest animal

我們看待最親近的動物的方式

relatives - and made us think

親人--讓我們思考

about what it means to

關於什麼意思

be human.

是人。

In this programme, we'll be hearing from

在本期節目中，我們將聽到的是

the iconic environmentalist,

標誌性的環保主義者。

Jane Goodall. She

簡-古道爾。她

reflects on how attitudes have changed

反思態度的變化

as science has

隨著科學

uncovered the deep connections

揭開深層關係

between humans and the great apes -

人類與大型類人猿之間

large primates including

大型靈長類動物包括

chimpanzees, gorillas and

黑猩猩、大猩猩和

orang-utans, who are closely

猩猩，他們是密切

related to humans.

與人類有關。

And of course we'll be learning some

當然，我們也會學習一些

related vocabulary along the way.

相關的詞彙在路上。

As well as Dr Goodall, the National

除了古道爾博士外，國家

Geographic photographs also

地理照片也

made the chimpanzees of Gombe

使貢貝的黑猩猩們

famous. People around the world became

著名的。世界各地的人們成為

interested in the lives

嗜好

of a family of chimps living

黑猩猩家族

in a remote corner of Africa.

在非洲一個偏遠的角落。

When Gombe's alpha female died in 1972,

1972年，當貢貝的女首領死於。

she was so well-loved that

寵愛有加

she had an obituary

訃告

in The Times newspaper. But what was

在《泰晤士報》上。但什麼是

her name? That's our

她的名字？那是我們的

quiz question: which chimpanzee's

測驗題：哪隻黑猩猩的

obituary appeared in The Times?

訃告刊登在《泰晤士報》上?

Was it: a) Frodo?, b Flo?, or c) Freud?

是：a)佛羅多，b弗洛，還是c)弗洛伊德？

Well, 1972 is a bit before my time, Rob - I

嗯，1972年是一個有點早於我的時間，羅布 - 我...

wasn't even born then, but I think it's b)

那時還沒出生，但我認為是b)

Flo.

Flo.

OK, Sam, we'll find out later

好吧，阿森，我們以後會知道的。

if you were right. Now, when

如果你是對的現在，當

Jane first visited Tanzania

Jane首次訪問坦尚尼亞

in the 1960s most scientists believed the

在20世紀60年代，大多數科學家認為

only animals capable

唯物主義

of making and using tools

製作和使用工具的能力

were humans. But what Jane witnessed

是人類但Jane所看到的

about the behaviour

行為

of one chimpanzee, who she named

的一隻黑猩猩，她將其命名為

Greybeard, turned this idea on its head.

灰鬍子，顛覆了這個想法。

Here she recalls that famous

在這裡，她回顧了那個著名的

day to Jim Al Khalili,

一天，吉姆-哈利利。

for the podcast of BBC Radio 4's

為BBC廣播4臺的播客。

Discovery programme, The Life Scientific:

發現方案，《生命科學》。

I could see this black hand picking grass

我看到這隻黑手在摘草

stems and pushing them

拔苗助長

down into the termite

蛀蟲

mound and pulling them out with termites

拔白蟻蟻穴

clinging on with their jaws.

用下巴緊緊地咬住。

And the following day,

而第二天。

I saw him pick a leafy twig and strip the

我看到他摘下一片葉子，然後把葉子剝掉。

leaves, so not only was

葉，所以不僅是

he using objects as

他用物體作為

tools but modifying those

工具，但修改這些

objects to make tools.

對象來製作工具。

Jane observed the chimpanzee,

簡觀察了黑猩猩。

Greybeard, finding small wooden

灰鬍子，發現小木頭

branches called twigs and modifying

枝條被稱為小枝，修改

them - changing them slightly

稍微改變它們

in order to improve them.

以便改進它們。

By stripping away the leaves from twigs

通過剝去小枝上的葉子

and using them to collect

並利用它們來收集

ants and termites to

螞蟻和白蟻

eat, Greybeard had made a tool - an

吃，灰鬍子做了一個工具------------。

instruments or simple piece of

器械或單品

equipment, for example

設備，例如

a knife or hammer, that you hold in your

刀錘子

hands and use for a particular job.

手，並用於某項工作。

Previously, it was believed that animals

以前，人們認為，動物

were incapable of making

無法做出

tools on their own. What

自己的工具。哪些

Jane saw was proof of the intelligence

簡看到的是智慧的證明

of wild animals.

野生動物的。

Jane Goodall's studies convinced her that

簡-古道爾的研究使她確信

chimps experience the same

黑猩猩也有同樣的經歷

range of emotions

情緒範圍

as humans, as she explains here to BBC

作為人類，正如她在這裡向BBC解釋的那樣

Radio 4's The Life Scientific:

第四電臺的《生活科學》。

I wasn't surprised that chimps had these

我並不驚訝黑猩猩會有這些東西

emotions. It was fascinating

情緒。它是迷人的

to realise how many of

意識到有多少人

their gestures are like ours ... so you can

他們的手勢就像我們的手勢一樣......所以你可以。

watch them without knowing

看在眼裡，急在心裡

anything about

關於

them and when they greet with

當他們問候

a kiss and embrace, they pat one

吻和擁抱，他們拍拍一個

another in reassurance, they

互相保證，他們

hold hands, they seek physical contact

牽手，他們尋求身體接觸

to alleviate nervousness

緩和緊張情緒

or stress - you know,

或壓力 - 你知道的。

it's so like us.

它是如此喜歡我們。

Holding hands, embracing and kissing

牽手、擁抱、親吻

were some of the chimpanzee's

是一些黑猩猩的。

gestures - movements

手勢-動作

made with hands, arms or head, to

用手、手或頭做的，以

express ideas and feelings.

表達思想和感情。

In the same way as humans, the

和人類一樣，

chimpanzees would pat each

黑猩猩會拍打每個

other - touch someone gently

他人--輕撫

and repeatedly with their hand held flat.

並反覆用手平舉。

Much of their behaviour was human-like.

他們的很多行為都很像人類。

Just as I would hug a friend

就像我擁抱朋友一樣

to reassure them,

讓他們放心。

the chimps used physical contact to

黑猩猩用身體接觸來

alleviate stress - make pain

緩解壓力--使疼痛

or problems less intense

或問題不那麼激烈

or severe. In fact, chimps are

或嚴重。事實上，黑猩猩是

so alike us that sometimes

和我們一樣，有時

they even get their name in the newspaper!

他們甚至在報紙上看到了自己的名字!

Ah yes, Sam, you mean the quiz question

啊，對了，Sam，你說的是那個問答題吧

I asked you earlier: which

我之前問過你：哪些

chimpanzee had their

黑猩猩有自己的

obituary published in The Times?

訃告發表在《泰晤士報》上？

And I guessed it was b) Flo.

而我猜測是b）弗洛。

And that's absolutely right. Well done,

這是絕對正確的。做得好

Sam! Give yourself a pat on the back!

山姆！拍拍你自己的背吧！

OK. In this programme, we've been

好的在這個節目中，我們已經

hearing about legendary

聽聞

zoologist and activist, Jane

動物學家和活動家，簡

Goodall, and her experiences living

古道爾，以及她的生活經歷

among great apes - primates like

在大型類人猿中，靈長類動物如

chimpanzees who

黑猩猩

are humans - closest animal relatives.

是人類--最接近的動物親屬。

Jane witnessed the chimpanzees of

簡親眼目睹了黑猩猩們的

Gombe modify - or slightly alter,

貢貝修改--或稍加改動。

objects like leaves and

葉子等物體

twigs to make tools - hand-held

小樹枝做工具--手持式

instruments used for a particular job.

某項工作所使用的工具；

Many of the chimpanzees gestures - body

黑猩猩的許多手勢--身體的。

movements made to communicate

語氣

and express emotions - like

和表達情感--比如

kissing and patting - touching someone

親吻和拍打 - 觸摸別人

gently and repeatedly with

輕重緩急

a flat hand - were almost

扁平的手 - 幾乎

human.

人：

And just like us, the chimps sought

就像我們一樣，黑猩猩也在尋找...

physical contact to

身體接觸

alleviate - or reduce the severity

緩解--或減輕嚴重程度

of, nervousness and stress.

的，緊張和壓力。

That's all for this programme.

這個節目就到此為止。

Bye for now!

再見

Bye bye!

再見！