July 20, 2012,

每位家長最可怕的惡夢：

my phone rings at 4:30 in the morning.

2012 年 7 月 20 日，

It's my son Alex's girlfriend, Amanda,

凌晨四點半我的手機響了。

saying hysterically,

是我兒子亞力克斯的女朋友 阿曼達打來的。

"Tom, Tom, there's been a shooting,

她歇斯底里地說：

and they dragged me out of the theater.

「湯姆，湯姆，有人開槍殺人了，

They wouldn't let me stay.

他們把我從戲院拖出來。

I wanted to [stay], but they dragged me out."

他們不讓我留下來。

I say to Amanda,

我想要留下來， 但他們把我拖出去了。」

"Amanda, are you OK? Have you been hurt?"

我對阿曼達說：

And she said no, that she was fine,

「阿曼達，你還好嗎？ 你受傷了嗎？」

that Alex had saved her life.

她說沒事，她還好，

I then say,

艾力克斯救了她的命。

"Amanda, where's Alex?"

接著我說：

And she says, sobbing,

「阿曼達，艾力克斯呢？」

"I don't know, we can't find him.

她嗚咽地說：

They dragged me out of the theater.

「我不知道，我們找不到他。

They made me leave.

他們把我拖出戲院。

He was shot.

他們要我離開。

I tried to wake him up, but I couldn't wake him up.

他被射中了。

He wouldn't get up.

我試著叫醒他，但是我叫不醒他。

They dragged me away. I didn't want to leave him."

他就是不起來。

And I say to Amanda,

他們把我拖走了， 但是我不想離開他。」

"The last time you saw Alex,

我對阿曼達說：

was he bleeding?

「你最後見到艾力克斯時，

Did you have any of his blood on you?"

他在流血嗎？

And she cries, "Yeah, a lot,"

你身上有他的血嗎？」

and breaks down.

她哭著說：「有，很多血。」

Alex loved Amanda.

然後她就崩潰了。

And he was one of the most honorable men on earth,

艾力克斯愛阿曼達。

and at the age of 24,

他是世界上最讓人尊敬的人之一，

he had to make the decision to risk his life

在他 24 歲時，

in order to ensure she would live.

他必須選擇冒著生命危險

I knew in my heart if he couldn't get up,

來確保她可以活下來。

he was dead.

我心底知道，如果他無法起來，

I had just arrived

說明他已經死了。

the night before

我前一天晚上

with my wife Caren

剛到夏威夷

and my youngest son

與我的妻子凱倫

for a week's vacation in Hawaii.

和小兒子

We were literally

來這裡度假一週。

3,300 miles away.

我們是真的

Caren and I frantically started calling his cell phone,

在五千多公里之外。

to no avail.

凱倫和我瘋狂地打他的手機，

We left multiple messages.

卻都是徒勞。

We then turned to the media.

我們留下很多語音留言。

But all we could find

接著我們轉向媒體。

was information on the murderer

但我們能找到的資訊

and his booby-trapped apartment.

都是關於兇手

We tried calling the Aurora police station,

以及他裝設陷阱的公寓。

but it was impossible to get an answer.

我們試著打電話給奧羅拉警局，

But in hindsight, it was understandable.

但就是無法得到答案。

They were dealing with

但事後想想，這是可以理解的。

12 dead, 70 injured,

他們在處理

the carnage so bad,

十二人死亡、七十人受傷，

the police had to bring some of the victims to the hospitals

這場大屠殺非常慘烈，

in the backs of their police cars,

警方不得不把一些受害者

because they had run out of ambulances.

放在警車後座送到醫院，

It was a horrific and chaotic scene.

因為救護車已經不夠了。

We would never see Alex again,

那時的景象既可怕又混亂。

his injuries so severe

我們再也無法見到艾力克斯了，

I had to shield even his mom

他受的傷嚴重到

from looking upon him,

我甚至得擋住，

for fear that would be the lasting image of him in her mind.

不讓他的母親去看他，

But you know who we would see again and again?

因為我怕他這最後的影像 會在她腦中一直揮之不去。

The murderer.

但你們知道我們一而再 再而三看到的是誰嗎？

His pictures were everywhere.

兇手。

One article was six paragraphs long

他的照片無所不在。

and featured his name 41 times.

有一篇文章有六段那麼長，

The media had made him famous.

提到他的名字四十一次。

But my firstborn son, Alex,

媒體讓他成名。

a hero,

但我的長子，艾力克斯，

was absent from those initial reports.

一個英雄，

Caren and I immediately realized that there was something wrong

卻沒有出現在這些最初的報導中。

with the way the media responds to these random mass shootings

凱倫和我馬上就察覺到 有不對勁的地方，

since Columbine.

從科倫拜事件之後，

We started doing research,

媒體對於這類隨機大規模 槍擊的反應方式出了問題。

and we realized

我們開始研究，

that if we could change

我們了解到，

the way the media reports,

如果我們能夠改變

we could reduce the amount of shootings

媒體報導的方式，

and save lives.

我們就能減少槍擊案的數量，

(Applause)

並拯救人命。

Let me explain.

（掌聲）

Almost every single random mass shooter

讓我解釋一下。

has something in common.

幾乎所有隨機大規模槍擊案的兇手

Can anybody guess what that is?

都有一個共同點。

They want notoriety.

有人能猜出是什麼嗎？

They want to be famous.

他們想要惡名。

In fact,

他們想要成名。

these murderers are telling us this themselves.

事實上，

The Sandy Hook murderer

這些兇手自己就告訴我們這一點。

kept a spreadsheet

桑迪胡克小學槍擊案的兇手

of previous mass murderers and their number of kills.

有一張表格，

The Orlando Pulse nightclub murderer

整理了過去大規模槍擊案兇手 和死亡人數的資料。

called a local news station --

奧蘭多脈衝夜店槍擊案的兇手

during his attack! --

打電話給當地一家新聞台——

and then stopped to check Facebook to see if he'd gone viral.

就在他進行攻擊的時候！——

The Parkland murderer

接著停下來查看臉書， 看他有沒有被瘋傳。

recorded and posted

在帕克蘭犯案的兇手

a video

錄製並上傳了

stating,

一支影片，

"When you see me on the news, you'll know who I am."

宣稱：

The Aurora theater murderer told his psychiatrist

「你們在新聞上看到我， 就會知道我是誰。」

that he recognized he couldn't make an impact on the world in science,

奧羅拉戲院槍擊案的兇手

but he could become famous

告訴他的精神科醫師，

by blowing people up.

他知道他無法在科學領域 對世界造成影響，

And most telling,

但他可以透過把人炸死來成名。

the Umpqua Community College murderer

最有力的例子，

wrote on his blog about a previous mass murderer,

烏姆普夸社區學院槍擊案的兇手

saying,

在他的部落格上提到一位 過去的大規模槍擊案兇手，

"I've noticed that people like him

他寫到：

are all alone and unknown,

「我注意到，像他這樣的人

but when they spill a little blood,

都孤獨一人，默默無聞，

the whole world knows who they are."

但當他們殺傷人，

A man who was known by no one is now known by everyone,

全世界都知道他們是誰。」

his face splashed across every screen,

原本的無名小卒

his name on the lips

現在成了眾所皆知的人物，

of everyone on the planet,

每個螢幕上的報導都有他的臉孔，

all in one day.

地球上每個人都在說他的名字，

It seems like the more people you kill,

全都發生在一天之內。

the more you're in the limelight.

看起來，你殺的人越多，

These are just a few examples.

你就越會成為注目的中心。

I could go on and on.

這些只是少數幾個例子。

These murderers are telling us they want to be famous

我還可以一直說下去。

like the murderers before them,

這些兇手在告訴我們，

and the media continues to give them exactly what they seek:

他們想要和過去的兇手一樣成名，

notoriety.

而媒體不斷

The gun debate is very emotional,

給予他們追求的：

and our mental health issues are very complicated.

惡名。

Both will take time to correct.

（嘆氣）

But to reduce the carnage,

關於槍枝的辯論非常情緒化，

we don't need an act of Congress.

我們的心理健康議題非常複雜。

What we need is an act of conscience

兩者都需要時間來修正。

on the producers and consumers of mass media

但，若想減少大屠殺，

to remove the reward of notoriety.

我們並不需要國會有所作為。

(Applause)

我們需要的是大眾媒體的製作人

So to save lives,

及消費者採取有良心的行動，

Caren and I launched "No Notoriety,"

別再提供「惡名」這個獎勵。

dedicated to challenging the media

（歡呼聲）（掌聲）

to protect our communities

因此為了拯救人命，

by adhering to these research-backed principles.

凱倫和我成立了「抵制惡名」，

One: report all the facts

旨在要求媒體

on the mindset,

堅守這些有研究支持的原則，

demographics

來保護我們的社區。

and motivational profile of these shooters,

一，報導所有的事實，

but minimize their names and images,

包含兇手的心態、基本資料，

unless they're at large.

以及和動機相關的側寫資料，

Two: limit the use of the shooter's name

但盡量少用到他們的名字和相片，

to once per piece,

除非他們還逍遙法外。

never in the headlines

二，限制使用兇手的名字，

and no pictures in prominent locations.

一篇文章只能用一次， 且不能放在標題上，

And three --

不能在顯眼的位置放照片。

Three.

三……

(Laughter)

三！

I'm not good with numbers.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

我不太擅長數字。 （笑聲）

Refuse to publish any self-serving material

拒絕刊載

provided by the shooters.

任何由兇手提供的自利素材。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

To be clear:

讓我說清楚：

this is not an infringement

這並不是侵害任何人

on anyone's First Amendment rights.

被憲法第一修正案保障的權利。

This is not censorship.

這並不是審查制度。

We are merely asking the media

我們僅僅只是在請求媒體

to leverage guidelines they already have in place.

讓他們已經擁有的方針 能夠發揮效用。

For example,

比如，

the media does not report

媒體不會報導

on journalists that have been kidnapped

被綁架的記者，

in order to protect them.

以保護他們。

The media does not report

媒體不會報導

the names and images

性侵或自殺事件

of victims of sexual assault or suicide.

受害者的名字和影像。

These responsible journalistic practices

這些負責任的報導慣例

protect public safety

能保護大眾的安全，

with zero impact

且完全不會影響到

on the public's right to know.

大眾知情權。

Academic studies show

學術研究指出，

that the average news consumer

一般的新聞消費者

wants to hear less about the shooters.

不想聽到那麼多兇手的資訊。

Instead,

反之，

the media should elevate the names and images

媒體應該多報導的名字和影像，

of the victims, both murdered and injured,

是受害死傷者、

the heroes

英雄、

and the first responders.

第一線應變人員的。

They should --

他們應——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

They should promote data and analysis

他們應該將心理健康及公共安全

from experts on the fields of mental health and public safety.

領域專家的資料和分析發揚光大。

All the experts agree.

所有專家都同意。

The FBI,

美國聯邦調查局、

the International Police Association,

國際警察協會、

the Major City Chiefs Association

主要城市警察首長協會、

and A.L.E.R.T.,

以及 A.L.E.R.T.，

the law enforcement organization dedicated to training first responders

這是個執法組織，

to stop active shooters,

旨在訓練第一線應變人員

all endorse the principles of No Notoriety.

如何阻止尚未被制服的槍手，

In fact, in 2014,

大家都贊成「拒絕惡名」原則。

the FBI started the "Don't Name Them" campaign in support of the idea.

事實上，2014 年，

The American Psychiatric Association supports reducing and minimizing

美國聯邦調查局發動了 「不要說出他們的名字」活動

the identification of these shooters.

來支持這個想法。

The idea has gone worldwide,

美國精神醫學學會

with the Prime Minister of New Zealand

支持將這些兇手的身分識別

calling for no notoriety

減少並降至最低。

after the Christchurch shootings.

這個想法傳遍全球，

But as much as we want the media to change,

紐西蘭總理

they are for-profit organizations.

在基督城槍擊事件之後 也呼籲「拒絕惡名」。

They won't change unless we hold them accountable.

雖然我們非常希望媒體能改變，

(Applause)

但媒體是營利組織。

The media makes their money

它們不會改變， 除非我們要求它們負責。

from advertising

（掌聲）

based on the number of viewers and clicks.

媒體賺錢的方式

If we can reduce the number of viewers and clicks on any subject,

是靠廣告，

the media will change the way they report on it.

以閱讀量和點擊率為基礎。

So the next time you see any media organization --

如果我們能夠減少

print, digital, radio or television --

某個主題的閱讀量和點擊率，

gratuitously leveraging the names and images of these shooters,

媒體就會改變報導 這個主題的方式。

stop watching,

所以，下次你看到 任何媒體組織——

stop listening,

平面媒體、數位媒體、 廣播電台，或電視台——

stop clicking,

在沒必要的情況下

stop liking

大肆報導兇手的名字和影像，

and stop sharing.

請不要再看下去，

Write to the producers,

不要再聽下去，

editors, station managers and CEOs

不要再點擊，

of these news organizations.

不要按讚，

Take note of the advertisers who support those segments

也不要分享。

and write to their CEOs.

寫訊息給製作人、

Because together,

編輯、電台經理，

we can push the media to act in the interest

及這些新聞組織的執行長。

of public safety,

記下贊助這些報導的廣告商，

not profits.

寫信給它們的執行長。

It's too late for Alex,

因為，若能同心協力，

and it's too late for my family.

我們就能促使媒體在採取行動時

But please don't join our club by inaction,

多以公共安全為考量，

the club nobody wants to join.

而不是利潤。

The due's too high.

此舉對艾力克斯來說已經太遲了，

Because it's not too late

對我的家庭來說已經太遲了。

for people who aren't victims yet.

但請不要因為無所作為 而成為我們的一份子，

We have the power

沒有人會想成為我們的一份子。

to reduce random mass shootings.

代價太高了。

Let's use it.

因為對於尚未成為受害者的人，

Thank you.

現在還不遲。

(Applause)

我們有能力