And today, we're going to talk about pruning raspberries. Now, the proper time to prune

而今天，我們'要談談修剪樹莓的問題。現在，適當的時間修剪

raspberries is really any time after they go dormant. So, this can happen at any time

覆盆子其實就是它們進入休眠期後的任何時間。所以，這可能發生在任何時候

from November right through March. Personally, I prefer to do it in the late winter/early

從十一月一直到三月。就個人而言，我更喜歡在冬末冬初的時候進行。

spring in March. This is because as the older canes are dying, they're sending sugars and

三月的春天。這是因為隨著老藤的死亡，他們'送糖和。

carbohydrates and nutrients back down to the root system, which will help next year's canes

碳水化合物和養分回落到根系，這將有助於明年'的藤條。

get through the winter. Now, when we're pruning raspberries, we're

熬過冬天。現在，當我們修剪覆盆子的時候，我們是

looking to accomplish three things. We can do them at the same time, but I'll lay them

尋找完成三件事。我們可以同時進行，但我'會把它們放在

out for you. The first is that we're going to narrow up the row because every year the

為你出。首先是我們'要縮小行，因為每年的

raspberries rows tend to get wider and wider. And you want to narrow that row up to about

覆盆子的行數往往會越來越寬。而你要把這一行縮小到約1.

two feet to about one and a half feet wide. The second thing we want to do is get rid

兩英尺到大約一英尺半寬。我們要做的第二件事是擺脫...

of all of the canes that fruited last year. These are called spent floricanes fruiting

的所有藤條，去年結果的。這些被稱為乏味的floricanes果實。

canes that have already fruited. These canes are dead. They're just getting in the way

已經結果的藤條。這些藤條是死的。他們只是得到的方式。

and taking up space. So, all of those are going to come out.

並佔用空間。所以，這些都是要出來的。

Then, the final thing we're going to do is thin the remaining canes such that there's

然後，我們要做的最後一件事就是把剩下的藤條變細，這樣就可以了。

only three or four canes per linear foot. OK. So, this is going to look very thin when

只有三或四個藤條每線性英尺。好的。所以，這將是看起來非常薄的，當

we're all done. And we're going to be taking up the majority of the canes that you see

我們'都完成了。而我們將佔據你所看到的大部分的手杖。

here now. As you approach the planting, you'll notice

現在這裡。當你走近種植時，你會發現

there are really three kinds of canes that you're dealing with. First, are those spent

真的有三種手杖，你'處理。首先，是那些花

floricanes that we talked about. These have gray peeling bark. And they also have these

我們說過的floricanes。這些有灰色的樹皮。他們也有這些

remains of little branches on them that we call the fruiting laterals. Any cane that's

殘餘的小分支在他們身上，我們稱之為果實側線。任何甘蔗，'的

showing this gray peeling bark and has these old fruiting shoots on them should come out.

呈現出這種灰色的樹皮剝落，上面有這些老果芽應該出來了。

These canes are dead anyway. When you cut into them, you'll see there's nothing but

反正這些藤條都是死的。當你切開他們，你會看到有'什麼都沒有，但。

brown wood in there. There's no green tissue, living tissue, at all. All of these come out.

棕色的木材在那裡。沒有綠色組織，活的組織，在所有。所有這些都出來了。

The next type of cane you'll run into are a lot of weak spindly canes, very thin, very

下一種手杖，你'會碰到很多弱小的細長手杖，很細，很。

short, they don't reach the trellis wires, which we'll see in a minute. These just aren't

短，他們不'達到棚架線，我們'將在一分鐘內看到。這些只是不';不

going to produce very good fruit. If they're thin and short like this, all of these should

會結出非常好的果實。如果它們像這樣又細又短，這些都應該是

come out as well. Finally, and hopefully, we're going to have

也出來了。最後，也希望我們'要有。

a good selection of nice thick fruiting canes. These, if you peel the bark back a little

一個很好的選擇 漂亮的厚果甘蔗。這些，如果你把樹皮剝開一點的話

bit, you'll see they have green shoots. You'll notice that instead of the shooting laterals

位，你'會看到他們有綠芽。你會注意到，而不是射擊側線。

that we saw in the spent floricanes, these just have buds. Now, in the springtime, these

我們看到的廢花草，這些只是有芽。現在，在春天的時候，這些

buds are going to break and give us fruiting shoots. And that's our crop for that next

芽是要打破 並給我們的果實芽。而這就是我們接下來的收成

year. So, this is what we want to keep. And we want

年。所以，這是我們想保留的。而且我們希望

to look for the thickest basal diameter, in other words, the thickest stems and good height,

要找基徑最粗的，換句話說，就是莖部最粗，高度也要好。

OK, so that they'll reach the trellis wire and we can attach them. So, these are the

好了，所以他們'會達到棚架線，我們可以連接他們。所以，這些都是

ones we want to save as long as they are within that two foot width perimeter that we've set

只要在我們設定的兩英尺寬的範圍內，我們就可以保存我們想要保存的東西

up for ourselves. Now, you can see here, here's a raspberry

為我們自己。現在，你可以看到這裡，這裡'是一個樹莓。

row. This variety happens to be Boyne, one of my favorite varieties. And you can see

行。這個品種正好是博因，是我最喜歡的品種之一。你可以看到

the row width here has gone out to three, even four feet, even though we started with

這裡的行寬已經到了三英尺，甚至四英尺，儘管我們開始時的行寬是

a row that was only a couple of feet wide. And that's because the new shoots, as they

一排，只有幾英尺寬。而這是因為新芽，因為它們

came up during the summer were looking for light and less competition.

夏天的時候上來的都是找光，競爭少。

So, they're getting here. We don't want them. If we allow these canes to go ahead and leaf

所以，他們要來了。我們不'不希望他們。如果我們允許這些藤條去前進和葉子。

out next year, they're going to be shading out all the canes in the middle. And I'll

明年出來，他們'會在中間遮擋所有的藤條。而我'會

have lots of fruit rot problems. And I won't want to have to reach in there through all

有很多水果腐爛的問題。而我不想在那裡通過所有的達到。

these thorny canes to harvest that fruit. So, I'll loose a lot of it.

這些帶刺的手杖 收穫水果。所以，我'會失去很多。

So, initially, using some nice, sharp loppers, and some good thick gloves, because these

所以，最初，使用一些漂亮的，鋒利的剪子， 和一些良好的厚厚的手套，因為這些...

are thorny and I always like to wear safety glasses because these are thorns and they're

是帶刺的，我總是喜歡戴安全眼鏡，因為這些都是刺，他們'。

sticks running around your face all over the place, we can get started just cutting them

臉上到處都是棍子，我們可以把它們切開就可以開始了

right at the base. And, as you're cutting, you can just pull those canes that you've

在基地的權利。而當你在切割的時候 你可以把你的手杖拉出來

cut out of the way, throw them into the row, middle, so that you can collect them later.

割出來的，扔到行，中間，以後可以收集。

We're not going to leave these behind because these can be a source of disease problems

我們不會留下這些，因為這些可能是疾病問題的來源。

for us next year. So, everything we've cut out, when we're all done, is going to be dragged

為我們明年。所以，一切我們已經削減了， 當我們'都完成了，將被拖動

out of here and either chopped up and put into the compost pile, or burned, or taken

離開這裡，要麼剁碎了放進堆肥裡，要麼燒掉，要麼帶走

to the local dump, but not left here. OK. Now, that we've got this row pruned, you

到當地的垃圾場，但不是留在這裡。好了，現在，我們已經把這一行修剪好了現在，我們已經得到了這一行修剪，你。

can see how narrow the base is. We're trying to keep that row width at the base about to

可以看到基地是多麼的狹窄。我們正試圖保持該行的寬度在底部約為。

a foot and a half to two feet wide. And then, you can see our trellis wires at about four

一英尺半到兩英尺寬。然後，你可以看到我們的棚架線 在大約4個月的時間。

feet, are spread to about three and a half feet wide. And what we're going to do with

英尺，被傳播到大約三英尺半寬。而我們'要做的是什麼？

the nice canes that we left behind is attach them to this trellis wire.

我們留下的漂亮的藤條是連接他們到這個棚架線。

Now, what you use to attach them is really whatever works best for you. Old bread twist

現在，你用什麼來連接它們，其實就是任何最適合你的東西。舊麵包扭

ties work pretty well, just take that cane, wrap the twist tie around it, and get it on

紮帶很好用，只要把那根手杖，把麻花紮帶纏在上面，然後把它弄上。

fairly tight so that the wind is not going to be able to blow it around too much.

相當緊，這樣風就不會把它吹得太厲害。

There are some other things you can buy that have recently become popular here, some little

這裡還有一些最近流行的東西可以買，有些小

rubber bands with a little T on the end of them that can be used. And, in this case,

橡皮筋的末端有一個小T字，可以使用。而且，在這種情況下。

you just grab it. Bring the rubber band around. And that little T just grabs the other end

你只要抓住它。把橡皮筋帶過來而那個小T只是抓住了另一端。

of the rubber band. So, that holds fairly well. It works better on thicker canes.

的橡皮筋。所以，這保持得相當好。對較粗的手杖效果更好。

If you're a home gardener and like to grow vegetables, you're probably familiar with

如果你'是一個家庭園丁，並喜歡種植蔬菜，你'可能熟悉的。

different types of tomato clips. These are just little plastic rings that you can use

不同類型的番茄夾子。這些只是小塑膠環，你可以使用

to clip plants on. And these will also work fairly well. We just take a cane, clip both

來夾住植物。而這些也會相當好用。我們只需要拿一根手杖，夾住兩個

the wire and the cane and leave it there. And that's just so that the cane can't be

鐵絲和手杖，並把它留在那裡。而這只是為了讓手杖不能被

allowed to bounce back into the middle. And also, we have machines that'll do this

允許反彈到中間。而且，我們有機器，'會做到這一點。

for you. These are called tapeners. And, in this case, you just grab the cane and you

為你。這些被稱為tapeners。而且，在這種情況下，你只需抓住手杖和你

put a little piece of plastic over it. And it works like a staple gun. You just grab

在上面放一小塊塑膠。它的工作原理就像一個訂書機槍。你只要抓住

that, and then a staple clips it, releases it, and gives you a little piece that holds

然後用訂書機夾住它，釋放它，給你一個小片子，把它夾住。

on to the cane pretty well there. These are fast and relatively efficient, but you have

在手杖上很好的有。這些都是快速和相對有效的，但你有

to buy a lot of tape and a lot of staples for them. And, because they're plastic, they

買了很多膠帶和很多訂書釘。而且，因為他們'塑膠，他們。

will be here for a long time. Remember, we're going to take these off next year after these

會在這裡呆很久。請記住，我們'明年要把這些關閉後，這些。

canes are fruited because we'll be pruning them out. And you'll have lots of little bits

甘蔗是果實，因為我們'將修剪他們。而且你將會有很多小位子

of plastic to deal with. So, one way to get around that is to use the

的塑膠來處理。所以，有一種方法可以解決這個問題，那就是使用?

old fashioned method which is just using some bailing twine or cotton string, whatever is

老式的方法，就是用一些捆綁繩或棉繩，不管是什麼

available to you, and just taking the cane, spreading them to the wire, and just giving

可供你使用的，只是拿著手杖，把它們撒在鐵絲上，然後給

them a simple knot, either a slip knot or a granny knot or a square knot, anything works

他們一個簡單的結，無論是一個滑結或婆婆結或方結，任何工作都可以

pretty well just grab both the cane and the trellis wire. And what I like about these

很好，只是抓住藤條和棚架線。而我喜歡這些

is that you can get it fairly tight. It's fast if you fill your pocket full of little

是，你可以得到它相當緊。如果你的口袋裡裝滿了小東西，它就會很快

bits of string cut to eight or 10 inches. And then, next year, when I'm going to prune

繩子的位切成8或10英寸。然後，明年，當我'要修剪的時候

this out, I can just clip this off with a pair of scissors and it will fall to the ground.

這個出來，我可以直接用剪刀把它剪下來，它就會掉到地上。

It will bio degrade. I don't have to worry about plastic all over the place.

它會生物降解。我不用擔心塑膠到處都是。

Now, the idea here is we're going to attach all of these to the trellis wire to spread

現在，這裡的想法是我們'將所有這些連接到棚架線，以傳播

these canes out such that, here, we're going to have them spread out to three feet at the

這些手杖出來，這樣，在這裡，我們'要有他們傳播出三英尺在。

base or a foot and a half. When, we're all done, we should have a nice V effect that's

基地或一英尺半。當我們全部完成後，我們應該有一個很好的V形效果，這就是我們的目標。

going to allow the sun to come down and provide plenty of light and air movement through this

要讓太陽下山，並提供充足的光照和空氣流動，通過這個。

planting to make sure that we're not going to have a lot of disease problems.

種植，以確保我們'不會有很多疾病問題。

The other thing this is going to do is put all of our fruiting canes on the outside.

這是要做的另一件事，就是把我們所有的果蔗都放在外面。

And then, our new canes that'll fruit next year are going to be coming up in the middle

然後，我們明年會結出果實的新藤條會在中間出現。

where we want them, and we won't have to fight our way through those thorny primocanes to

在我們想要的地方，我們不會有打我們的方式 通過那些荊棘的primocanes，以

get to our fruiting canes. So, let's tie these up and take a good look at what the finished

到我們的果蔗。所以，讓我們把這些綁起來，好好看看成品的東西。

product should look like. You can see we finished pruning. We've left

產品應該的樣子。你可以看到我們完成了修剪。我們已經離開了

only the primocanes from last year. We've taken out all those dead floricanes. We've

只有去年的primocanes。我們已經採取了所有這些死亡的floricanes。我們已經

removed all the scrawny growth. We've narrowed up the base of the plant so that, the row

去除了所有瘦弱的生長。我們'已經縮小了植物的基礎，所以，這行

planting, so we're only about two feet wide at the base and we spread them out to about

種植，所以我們'只有大約兩英尺寬的基礎上，我們傳播了他們到約

three feet up towards the tops of the canes. So, if you look down the row, you see we have

三英尺高的藤條的頂部。所以，如果你往下看，你會發現我們有。

this lovely V effect. And that's just what you want to see in a raspberry planting.

這種可愛的V型效果。而這正是你想在樹莓種植中看到的。

Now, I like to leave the tops on. Some people like to ask, shouldn't I tip the raspberry

現在，我喜歡把頂部留在上面。有些人喜歡問，我不應該'小費的覆盆子。

planting and cut the tips off? Well, the fact is that if you do that, you're cutting off

種植和切斷尖端？嗯，事實上，如果你這樣做，你'切斷。

all these buds that are going to be fruiting laterals for you next year. If your canes

所有這些芽，將是果實橫向為你明年。如果你的藤條

are so tall that you're not going to be able to reach them, when they're going to bend

是如此之高，你'將無法達到他們，當他們將彎曲

over the wire, you can trim back a little bit. Just remember this rule of thumb, if

在電線上，你可以稍微修剪一下。只要記住這個經驗法則，如果

you cut off more than 25 percent of the cane tip, you're seriously reducing your yield.

你砍掉超過25%的蔗尖，你'嚴重降低你的產量。

So our planting is good to go. We're all set for the winter. And we're going to have a

所以我們的種植是可以的。我們都準備好過冬了。而我們將有一個。

real good crop on this for next year, and we'll be ready to set up for a good summer

真正的好莊稼在這為明年，我們'將準備好設置一個良好的夏季。

of raspberries. [music]

的覆盆子。[音樂]