expressions and idioms from the world of politics  now the reason i want to go over these is not so  

政治世界的表達方式和習慣用語 現在我之所以要去看這些不是因為

much because you will hear these or expressions  use everyday conversation but for those of you who  

多，因為你會聽到這些或表達式使用日常對話，但對於那些你的人誰

are interested in politics and want to discuss  politics or want to read about politics you  

如果你對政治感興趣，並想討論政治或想閱讀政治，你就會發現，你對政治有興趣。

will see a lot of these expressions in newspaper  articles and you might not really understand what  

在報紙文章中會看到很多這樣的表達方式，你可能並不真正理解什麼是 "你的"。

they're talking about okay these are meant for  people like native speakers who are used to these  

他們說的是好的 這些都是為了讓人們像母語人士一樣習慣於這些

expressions and they know what's going on so it's  important for you to understand them so you can  

他們知道發生了什麼事，所以你必須瞭解他們，這樣你才能

read high quality articles that use these often so  for example we're going to look at past the buck  

閱讀高質量的文章，經常使用這些，所以例如我們要看過去的降壓

and the buck stops here and very similar meaning  idiom kick the can down the road so i put this  

和降壓停止在這裡和非常相似的意思 成語踢罐頭的道路，所以我把這個

together because they mean almost the same thing  a political hot potato to be full of hot air  

因為它們的意思幾乎是一樣的，就是一個政治上的燙手山芋，充滿了熱氣。

to get on or to get off your soap box and to press  the flesh okay so let's start with this when we  

上或下車你的肥皂盒和按肉 好吧，讓我們從這個開始，當我們。

pass the buck we pass pass pass pass basically  we're not taking ownership of something it could  

推卸責任，我們通過傳遞傳遞基本上我們不採取所有權的東西，它可能會。

be a topic it could be a decision it could be a  reaction we don't want to do it we pass it on to  

可能是一個話題 可能是一個決定 可能是一個反應 我們不想做 我們把它轉嫁給

somebody else to do it's very similar to kick the  can down the road so here's the can i don't want  

讓別人來做，這很類似於把罐子踢到馬路上，所以這裡的罐子，我不希望

to deal with it i don't want to pick it up so i  just kick it down the road maybe somebody else  

我不想把它撿起來，所以我只是把它踢到路上，也許別人

will get to it or i'll get to it later when  i reach that spot down the road so basically  

會得到它，或者我以後會得到它 當我到達那個地方下來的道路，所以基本

i don't want to take responsibility for something  today now i think it was fdr roosevelt a president  

我不想為今天的事情負責，現在我想這是羅斯福總統的責任

who said i'm not going to pass the buck around the  buck stops here so he was a leader he was going to  

誰說過我不會把責任推給別人的？ 他是個上司，他要把責任推給別人

make decisions he was going to take responsibility  for his position and now every time somebody says  

做出決定，他要為自己的立場負責，現在每當有人說

the buck stops here it means that they're going  to take responsibility they're going to show  

這意味著他們要承擔起責任，他們要表現出

their leadership again a lot of politicians would  rather pass the buck than take the buck hold the  

他們的上司再次很多政客寧願推卸責任也不願意承擔責任。

buck take responsibility be accountable okay  a political hot potato so this again a little  

負起責任來，要負責任 好吧，一個政治上的燙手山芋，所以這又是一個小小的

bit related if you have a very controversial  controversial controversial topic or issue

有點關係，如果你有一個非常有爭議的爭議性話題或問題

so if something is controversial means there's a  lot of argument about it there's a lot of debate  

所以，如果一件事是有爭議的，意味著有很多的爭論，有很多的辯論。

there's very little agreement okay or it's  a very sensitive topic so for example in the  

有非常少的協議好嗎，或者是一個非常敏感的話題，所以例如在

states the issue of guns and gun control is  a con controversial topic it's a hot potato a  

槍支和槍支管制問題是一個有爭議的話題，是一個燙手山芋。

political hot potato because if you decide that  you're for gun control you will anger a lot of  

政治上的燙手山芋，因為如果你決定你是支持槍支管制的，你會激怒很多人。

the voters if you say you're against gun  control you will anger a lot of different  

選民如果你說你反對槍支管制 你會激怒很多不同的人。

voters so it's a hot potato now imagine i'm sure  all of you have at some point cooked a potato or  

選民，所以它是一個熱洋芋現在想象我敢肯定，你們都有 在某些時候煮洋芋或

have eaten a cooked potato especially one  in a fire you put it in a fire you let it  

吃過熟洋芋 特別是在火中的洋芋 你把它放在火中 你讓它... ...

cook when you pull it out it's very hot if  you hold on to it you will burn your hand  

煮的時候一拉出來就很燙 你抓著它會燙到手的。

so you juggle it nobody wants to actually hold on  because if you hold it you will get burned okay

所以，你玩弄它，沒有人願意實際持有，因為如果你持有它，你會被燒燬，好嗎？

get burned now in politics getting burned means  making a mistake and basically getting elected  

燙傷

out of office okay so a political hot potato  is something you have to be very careful with  

下臺 好吧，所以政治上的燙手山芋是你必須非常小心的東西。

you don't want to make a quick decision  you don't even want to make a decision  

你不想速戰速決 你甚至不想做決定。

if possible now i don't want to be too general but  from my perspective most politicians are a little  

如果可能的話，我不想說得太籠統，但從我的角度來看，大多數政治家都有點

bit cowardly okay they're always afraid everybody  wants to keep their position everybody wants to  

有點懦弱 好吧 他們總是害怕 每個人都想保住自己的地位 每個人都想...

keep their jobs they're always looking at the  next election and they don't want to anger their  

保住他們的工作，他們總是著眼於下一次選舉，他們不想激怒他們的人

constituents their voters so they don't want  to make any big decisions that might get them  

他們的選民，所以他們不想做出任何重大的決定，可能會讓他們的選民。

burnt might get them hurt in the next election so  political hot potato something very controversial  

燒燬可能會讓他們在下一次選舉中受到傷害，所以政治上的燙手山芋非常有爭議的東西。

and nobody wants to take hold of now to be  full of hot air if we're talking about again  

沒有人願意拿著現在是充滿了熱空氣，如果我們再次談論。

politicians politicians like to talk and talk  and talk so a politician who talks a lot but  

政治家 政治家們喜歡說話，說話，說話，所以一個政治家說話很多，但。

doesn't actually say very much we say about him  or her that they're full of hot air okay they're  

其實並不能說明什麼，我們說他或她，他們是充滿了熱空氣，好吧，他們是。

full of hot air and it all comes out because  hot air comes out it doesn't stay inside so  

充滿了熱空氣，它都出來了，因為熱空氣出來了，它不會呆在裡面，所以。

they talk talk talk talk talk and say nothing  it all goes up in the air and disappears okay  

他們說著說著說著什麼都不說了 一切都在空氣中消失了好嗎

it doesn't stick to get on or off one soapbox  so in the old days if you had a political  

它不粘上或關閉一個肥皂盒，所以在過去的日子裡，如果你有一個政治

opinion and you wanted to share it with other  people there wasn't an internet there wasn't  

意見，你想與其他人分享它 沒有互聯網，沒有。

even a tv or radio i'm talking about a  long time ago so people would take the  

甚至電視或收音機 我說的是很久以前，所以人們會採取的

wooden box that actually carried soap before to  deliveries they would take it to the town square  

木箱，實際上攜帶肥皂之前，送貨，他們會把它帶到鎮上廣場。

they would put it down they would stand on it so  they're a little bit higher than all the people  

他們會把它放下 他們會站在上面 所以他們比所有的人高一點

and then they start talking and expressing their  opinions so that that's where the expression comes  

然後他們開始說話，表達他們的意見 所以這就是表達方式的來源

from to get on your soapbox to express very strong  opinion opinions and share them with somebody with  

從得到在你的肥皂盒表達非常強烈的意見意見，並與人分享他們與。

people so if you get on your soapbox means you  start talking a lot and expressing opinions these  

人，所以，如果你得到你的肥皂盒意味著你開始說話很多，並表達意見，這些

days it basically means you're complaining about  something usually something political but still  

天，它基本上意味著你抱怨的東西通常是一些政治，但仍然。

so if somebody tells you to get off your soapbox  it means stop complaining nobody wants to hear  

所以，如果有人告訴你，讓你離開你的肥皂盒，這意味著停止抱怨，沒有人願意聽。

it anymore nobody cares about your opinions  just you're full of hot air stop talking okay  

再也沒有人關心你的意見了 只是你滿嘴的熱氣，不要再說了好嗎

and then press the flesh so  again what do politicians do  

然後按住肉體，所以政治家們又是怎麼做的呢？

the election is coming up so now they can't hide  in their office and pretend nothing's going on and  

大選在即，所以現在他們不能躲在辦公室裡裝作什麼都沒發生，而

they can't avoid the hot potato they can't pass  the bug they need to go out and press the flesh  

他們避不開燙手山芋 他們過不了蟲子這一關 他們要出去壓壓皮肉

press the flesh well i can't do it here but press  this is flesh skin right meat press the flesh  

按住肉 好吧，我不能在這裡做，但按住這是肉皮，對肉按住肉。

shake hands so they go around they shake  everybody's hands they kiss all the babies  

握手，所以他們周圍的人 他們握著每個人的手，他們親吻所有的嬰兒。

they take photo ops they get elected they  go back to their offices and hide there okay  

他們拍照，他們當選，他們回到辦公室，躲在那裡好嗎？

so these are five we're going to look at five more  that you might see in your political adventures  

所以，這五個我們要看看五個更多 你可能會看到在你的政治冒險。

okay so now we have a few more we have toe the  line politically correct or politically incorrect  

好吧，所以現在我們有幾個更 我們有線政治正確或政治不正確的

the red tape or cut through the red tape drag  someone's name through the mud and carrot and  

泥沙俱下，胡攪蠻纏

stick approach okay so let's start with toe  of the line so toe is like toe on your foot  

棍子的方法 好吧，讓我們從線的腳趾開始，所以腳趾就像腳趾在你的腳上

right you have ten toes ten fingers toe the line  basically you have a line all everybody's toes  

對了，你有十個腳趾頭 十個手指頭的腳趾頭線 基本上你有一條線 所有的人的腳趾頭

should be on the line basically means everybody  has to be going in the same direction everybody  

意思是每個人都要往同一個方向走，每個人都要往同一個方向走。

in a team or a group needs to be working towards  the same target okay everybody needs to conform

在一個團隊或一個小組需要為同一個目標工作 好吧，每個人都需要符合

conform means don't try to be different  don't argue with the team do what everybody  

循規蹈矩就是不要試圖與眾不同 不要和團隊爭論，做大家都會做的事。

else is doing toe the line okay this is not  only in politics we have this in business  

其他人都在做的趾高氣揚 好吧，這不僅是在政治上，我們在商業上也有這樣的情況。

especially this is what the team is doing  whether you disagree or not if even if you  

尤其是這是團隊正在做的事情，無論你是否同意，如果即使你

disagree i should say you start to toe the line  you still have to do what you're told do what  

不同意 我應該說你開始走下坡路了 你還是得聽話的做什麼

the rest of the team is doing even if you think  it's wrong because if you don't toe the line you  

即使你認為是錯的，但團隊的其他成員都在做，因為如果你不聽話，你就會

probably will get fired okay now i'm sure you've  heard this expression many times politically  

可能會被炒魷魚 好吧，我相信你已經聽到這句話很多次的政治

correct politically incorrect political  correctness if you want to do it without the  

正確的政治不正確的政治正確性，如果你想做的不

and then just add the nest political  correctness now basically what this means  

然後只需添加巢政治正確現在基本上是什麼意思

is speaking or expressing opinions  in a way that doesn't offend anyone

是指以不冒犯任何人的方式說話或表達意見

so if you're politically correct  means you're not offending anyone  

所以如果你的政治正確就意味著你沒有冒犯任何人

you're not saying anything that somebody  will find hurtful or insulting or whatever  

你沒有說任何東西，有人會發現傷害或侮辱或什麼的。

if you're politically incorrect you just don't  care you say you express your opinions whatever  

如果你的政治不正確，你只是不關心你說你表達你的意見什麼的。

they are if somebody gets offended too bad  now a lot of people think that these days  

他們是，如果有人被冒犯太糟糕了現在很多人認為，這些天。

we have or at least western liberal democracies as  they're called have become too politically correct  

我們已經或者至少西方的自由民主國家已經變得太政治正確了。

nobody expresses an opinion nobody is allowed to  say anything because somebody will be offended  

沒有人發表意見 沒有人可以說任何話，因為有人會被冒犯。

okay it's become a problem in many cases but  at the same time you don't want to be insulting  

好吧，這在很多情況下已經成為一個問題，但同時你也不想被侮辱

anybody like if you are if you allow political  incorrectness you're basically allowing racists  

任何人都喜歡，如果你是 如果你允許政治不正確 你基本上允許種族主義者。

and misogynists like people who hate women men  who hate women to say so to say negative things  

和厭惡女人的人喜歡恨女人的男人誰恨女人說，所以說負面的東西。

that will hurt people and create a bad environment  so people try to be politically correct but again  

那會傷害人們，並創造一個不好的環境，所以人們試圖政治正確，但再次

there is such a thing as too much political  correctness red tape is basically bureaucracy

有一種東西是太多的政治正確性，官僚主義基本上是官僚作風

it's basically all the paperwork that you have  to do so governments these days have become so  

基本上是所有的文書工作，你必須做的 所以現在的政府已經變得如此的

bureaucratic that nothing gets done you need  to for example you want permission to build a  

官僚主義，什麼事都做不成，例如你想獲得準許建造一個新的建築。

new building in this street so you have to go to  this department of the government and get a form  

所以你必須到政府的這個部門去拿一張表格。

and fill it out once it's filled out you have  to take it to that department and get a stamp  

填好後，你要拿去那個部門蓋章

once you have that stamped you take it to that  department and they give you a license to do  

一旦你蓋了章，你把它帶到那個部門，他們會給你一個許可證，做

something then you have to take that license go  hire the people you need then you have to go to  

然後你要拿著執照去僱傭你需要的人，然後你要到

the government make sure that they approve of  those people then once you get that approval you  

政府要確保他們準許這些人，然後一旦你得到準許，你就會

go to another department and get this stamp that  stamp that snap that stuff so if you cut through  

去另一個部門，並得到這個郵票，郵票，卡扣的東西，所以如果你切過。

the red tape means you go straight from point a  to point b without too much bureaucracy so a lot  

繁文縟節意味著你可以直接從A點到B點，沒有太多的官僚主義，所以很多

of governments have become so bureaucratic again  that nothing gets done so a lot of new leaders  

政府又變得如此官僚化，以至於什麼事都做不成，所以很多新的領導人

new elected leaders are trying to cut through all  the red tape and get the government working again  

新的民選領導人正試圖打破所有的繁文縟節，讓政府重新運作起來。

okay government has become too big nothing gets  done it's time to cut through the red tape now  

好吧，政府已經變得太大，什麼都做不了 現在是時候減少繁文縟節了。

to drag someone's name through the mud it's  basically like it sounds you know mud like if  

拖人的名字通過泥 它基本上就像它的聲音 你知道泥像如果

if it rains on the ground and the ground is  like dirt it becomes mud right like very brown  

如果下雨，地面就像泥土一樣，就會變成泥巴 對，就像非常褐色的泥巴一樣。

liquid if you drag someone's name through the  mud you are basically hurting their reputation

液態 如果你把別人的名字拖入泥潭，你基本上就是在傷害他的聲譽。

maybe you're embarrassing them maybe your humility  humiliating them you're causing other people to  

也許你讓他們難堪了 也許你的謙虛讓他們丟臉了 你讓別人也難堪了。

lose respect for them you are hurting their  reputation and basically their careers could  

失去了對他們的尊重，你會傷害他們的聲譽，基本上他們的職業生涯可能會。

be over again not only in politics this happens  a lot in the entertainment industry in the music  

不僅僅是在政治上 這在娛樂業在音樂上發生了很多事情

industry people say bad things about each other  and they drag each other's names through the mud  

業內人互相說壞話，互相拖泥帶水

but generally speaking if you try to  drag someone's name through the mud  

但一般來說，如果你想把別人的名字拖進泥潭裡的話

it's very difficult for you not to get any mud on  your shoes as they say which means you're going  

你很難不把泥巴弄到你的鞋子上，就像他們說的那樣，這意味著你要去。

to be hurt by this as well because you did  this to somebody it doesn't look good on you  

因為你對別人做了這樣的事，所以你也會受到傷害，這對你來說並不好看

either so keep that in mind lastly carrot and  stick approach so when it comes to diplomacy

所以要牢記這一點 最後是胡蘿蔔加大棒的方法，所以在外交上的問題上

for example one country is trying to get another  country to do something there are two ways to do  

例如，一個國家想讓另一個國家做某事，有兩種方法可以做到。

this you can offer them a carrot or you can  offer them the stick so basically this comes  

你可以給他們一根胡蘿蔔，也可以給他們一根棍子，所以基本上這個來了

from a mule like a donkey an animal looks like  a horse but not they're very stubborn animals  

騎驢找驢，騎驢找驢

if you want the the mule to move and it doesn't  want to move you have two options you can put a  

如果你想讓騾子動起來，但它不想動，你有兩個選擇，你可以把騾子放在地上。

carrot on a stick and put it on a string again in  front of the donkey and the donkey wants to eat it  

把胡蘿蔔插在棍子上，再把它放在驢子面前的繩子上，驢子就想吃了。

so it will start moving towards the carrot but the  carrot keeps moving but there's an incentive okay

所以它會開始向胡蘿蔔移動，但胡蘿蔔一直在移動，但有一個激勵措施，好嗎？

so you can offer an incentive or you can offer  a reward for doing something or you can use the  

所以，你可以提供一個激勵，或者你可以提供一個獎勵的做法，或者你可以使用。

stick so if the donkey doesn't move and the carrot  doesn't work then you take that stick and you hit  

棍子，所以如果驢子不動，胡蘿蔔不靈，那麼你就拿著那根棍子打

the donkey on the bum and the donkey  starts to move because it's in pain so

驢屁股上的驢子開始移動，因為它的痛苦，所以。

there's punishment or at least the threat of  punishment so carrot and stick you can offer  

懲前毖後，治病救人，軟硬兼施

them incentives to do something you want  or you can offer them punishments threaten  

激勵他們去做一些你想做的事情，或者你可以給他們提供懲罰威脅。

them with punishments if they don't do  something you want and both approaches  

懲罰他們，如果他們不做你想要的事情，這兩種方法。

have their time in place sometimes the carriage  will work sometimes the stick will work sometimes  

天時地利人和，有時車到山前必有路，有時棍到山前必有路。

you'll need to use both okay so that's the carrot  and stick so again you're not going to hear these  

你需要同時使用這兩種 好吧，所以這是胡蘿蔔和棍子 所以再次你不會聽到這些。

expressions in everyday conversation necessarily  but if you are interested in politics and you do  

但如果你對政治感興趣，你會在日常對話中表達你的觀點。

want to read washington post the new york times  cnn fox whatever your political leanings are  

想看《華盛頓郵報》、《紐約時報》、CNN、Fox，不管你的政治傾向是什麼。

you're going to need to know these expressions  because you're going to see them and you're going  

你需要知道這些表達方式，因為你會看到它們，你會。

to hear them in political discussions quite often  okay so it's good to know them if you want to test  

在政治討論中經常聽到他們的聲音，所以如果你想測試的話，瞭解他們是很好的。

your knowledge of them go to engvid.com there's  a quiz there that you can take and test your  

你對他們的知識去engvid.com有一個測驗，你可以採取和測試你的

understanding if you have any questions about  this lesson please ask in the comments section  

如果你有任何關於本課的問題，請在評論區提問。

of english and if you like this video please  subscribe to my youtube channel and come back  

如果你喜歡這個視頻，請訂閱我的youtube頻道，並回來。

for more helpful lessons to help you improve your  everyday english and i'll see you again soon bye

更多有用的課程，以幫助你提高你的日常英語，我會看到你很快再見。