The pilot knew there was only one thing to do.

飛行員知道只有一件事可以做。

To save her dump more than £65,000 of fuel into the sky.

為了救她向天空傾倒超過6.5萬英鎊的燃料。

The flight then made an emergency landing in Anchorage, Alaska, where the passenger recovered in a local hospital.

隨後，該班機在阿拉斯加安克雷奇緊急降落，乘客在當地醫院康復。

But how did draining almost $20,000 worth of jet fuel save her life?

但是，耗盡價值近2萬元的噴氣式燃油是如何救了她的命？

Feel dumping, Simply explained, is an aircraft losing weight before it lands.

感覺傾銷，簡單解釋，就是飛機在降落前失重。

Anthony is an associate professor at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, and what he's talking about is officially called a fuel jettison.

安東尼是安布里德爾航空大學的副教授，他所說的正式名稱是燃料噴射。

Planes are designed to land below certain weights.

飛機的設計是在一定重量以下降落。

Ah, heavier plane is more likely to hit the ground hard and get damaged.

啊，較重的飛機更容易重重地砸在地上，受損。

It's got 5000 gallons of fuel, which is about three elephants playing it down, so landing with a full tank is pretty risky.

它的油量有5000加侖，這大約是三頭大象玩下來的，所以滿油箱降落是相當危險的。

But most flights aren't landing with a full tank.

但大多數班機並不是滿油箱降落的。

They might not be taking off with a full tank either before take off the flight plan are calculates the amount of fuel needed to complete the trip so that enough fuel gets burned off Over the course of the flight on the plains, weight comes down and then it's safe to land.

他們可能也不是帶著滿油箱起飛的，在起飛前，飛行計劃都會計算出完成行程所需的燃料量，讓足夠的燃料被燒掉 在平原上飛行的過程中，重量下降，然後就可以安全降落了。

Ah, pilot will choose to dump fuel on Lee on very rare occasions.

啊，飛行員會在極少數情況下選擇向李某傾倒燃油。

Let's say you have a medical emergency onboard.

比方說，你有一個醫療緊急情況在船上。

Someone's dying.

有人要死了

You don't really have timeto fly around and burn fuel.

你真的沒有時間飛來飛去燒燃料。

So in that case, that's when you would dump fuel so that you can lose weight quickly.

所以在這種情況下，這時候你就會傾倒燃料，這樣就可以快速減肥了。

If the pilot has a little more time or doesn't have the capacity to dump fuel like in a lot of smaller crafts, they might dirty up the plane.

如果飛行員有更多的時間或者沒有能力像很多小型飛行器那樣傾倒燃料，他們可能會把飛機弄髒。

This means purposefully creating drag and flying around in circles in order to burn off the excess fuel.

這意味著要故意製造阻力，繞著圈子飛，以燃燒掉多餘的燃料。

But if a passenger is critical, like the woman from 2018 they might not have time for that.

但如果乘客很危急，比如2018年的那個女人，他們可能就沒有時間了。

Fuel jettisoning systems condemned thousands of pounds a second.

燃油噴射系統每秒譴責數千磅。

Most could get a plane back down to its max landing weight in 15 minutes or less, and it's usually a ZZ as flipping a switch in the cockpit.

大多數人可以在15分鐘或更短的時間內將飛機降回最大著陸重量，通常情況下，在駕駛艙內打開開關就可以ZZ。

Most systems are a Siris of pumps and valves that divert the fuel to the tips of the wings, the fuel streams behind the plane and what looks like contrails.

大多數系統是一個Siris的泵和閥門，將燃料轉移到機翼的尖端，飛機後面的燃料流和看起來像 contrails。

And, yes, there is a fail safe in place to stop the pilot from expelling all the fuel at once.

而且，是的，有一個故障保險裝置，可以阻止飛行員一次性排出所有的燃料。

But it's not just the pilots judgment that decides when and how fuel gets dumped.

但決定何時、如何傾倒燃油的，不僅僅是飛行員的判斷。

The Federal Aviation Administration has a handful of regulations in place.

聯邦航空管理局制定了少量的規章制度。

The plane has to be at least 2000 ft above the highest obstacle along the route, at least five miles from any other aircraft and away from populated areas and bodies of water whenever possible.

飛機必須在沿途最高障礙物上方至少2000英尺，距離其他飛機至少5英里，並儘可能遠離人口密集區和水體。

But aside from this page of F A policy, that's about it.

但除了這一頁的F A政策外，就只有這些了。

When it comes to regulations, dumping fuel into the atmosphere isn't free of consequences.

在法規方面，向大氣層傾倒燃料並非沒有後果。

But the Environmental Protection Agency just isn't worried about it.

但環保局就是不擔心。

It regards to practice as exceedingly rare and leans into the fact that airlines don't promote it because it's a waste of money.

它認為這種做法極為罕見，並傾向於航空公司不提倡這種做法，因為這是一種浪費錢的做法。

If we get to a point where we're seeing more aircraft with the capability to dump fuel and we're seeing more aircraft dumping fuel and maybe not from an emergency point of view, then maybe yes, that would be something that the EPA would need to look into British Airways estimated in 1999 that Onley 19990.1% of fuel used by the aviation industry each year is dumped.

如果我們到了一個點，我們看到更多的飛機具有傾倒燃料的能力，我們看到更多的飛機傾倒燃料，也許不是從緊急情況的角度來看，那麼也許是的，這將是環保局需要研究的東西英國航空公司在1999年估計，Onley 19990.1％的航空業每年使用的燃料被傾倒。

If that number still holds up today, we're looking at almost two million gallons, dumped in 2018 by US airlines alone.

如果這個數字在今天仍然成立，我們看到的是近200萬加侖，僅在2018年被美國航空公司傾倒。

Dumped jet fuel is supposed to evaporate before it hits the Earth.

傾倒的噴氣機燃料應該在落地前就蒸發了。

But even Boeing has said that even though fuel is vaporizing, it is still suspended in the atmosphere on the fuel will eventually reach the ground.

但就連波音公司也表示，即使燃料在汽化，但懸浮在大氣層上的燃料最終還是會到達地面。

The U.

U.

S Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry listed mixed results in regards to the biodegrade ability of jet fuel on the same study went on to say it could be transported by wind and become a component of smog.

S機構有毒物質和疾病登記處列出了混合的結果，關於生物降解能力的噴氣燃料在同一項研究中繼續說，它可以通過風運輸，併成為煙霧的一個組成部分。

So other than burning it off, are there any more alternatives to fuel dumping?

那麼除了燒掉之外，還有沒有更多的替代品來替代燃料傾倒呢？

It is possible toe Landen overweight plane.

有可能趾蘭登超重機。

It happens every once in a while, but it's not recommended.

這種情況偶爾會發生，但不推薦。

The Flight Safety Foundation lists almost 300 airplane safety incidents from the beginning of the 19 hundreds to now that include landing heavy as a contributing cause.

飛行安全基金會列出了從19百年開始到現在的近300起飛機安全事故，其中包括重物降落是一個原因。

Whenever it happens, the plane stays grounded for a lengthy inspection before it's allowed to fly again.

每當這時，飛機就會停在地面上進行長時間的檢查，然後才允許再次飛行。

But if you land heavy, obviously you could actually overstress the aircraft, which could cause immediate damage.

但如果你重著陸，很明顯，你實際上可能會給飛機過大的壓力，這可能會造成直接的損害。

Or it could cause damage that actually presents itself down the line on a totally different.

或者它可能造成的損害，實際上在一個完全不同的線下呈現。

Like no matter if a flight crew decides to dump dirty or land heavy, each option has its pros and cons.

就像不管機組決定甩髒還是重降，每種選擇都有其利弊。

But in an emergency situation, your job is the pilot is to get the aircraft down to the ground as quickly as possible and as safely as possible.

但在緊急情況下，你的工作是飛行員，就是要讓飛機儘快、儘可能安全地降落到地面。

And if that means landing heavy, then that's just a decision that's going to have to be made in some situations.

而如果這意味著重重的落地，那麼這只是在某些情況下不得不做出的決定。

You really don't have a choice.

你真的別無選擇。

You you have to get down.

你... ...你得下來。

Ultimately, it comes down to keeping passengers safe.

歸根結底，還是要保證乘客的安全。