(Birds chirping)

（鳥兒的鳴叫）

What you're hearing

你聽到的是什麼？

is the sound of a native forest in Southern Europe.

是南歐本土森林的聲音。

The calm, tranquil feeling we all get is not a coincidence.

我們都會有一種平靜、安詳的感覺，這不是一種偶然。

We all evolved in ecosystems like this,

我們都是在這樣的生態系統中進化的。

where the sounds of birds and insects

鳥語花香

indicated the possibility of food, medicines

藥品和食品的可能性

and all the resources we need for survival.

以及我們生存所需的所有資源。

Ecosystems and their biodiversity still hold the key to life on this planet.

生態系統及其生物多樣性仍然是這個星球上生命的關鍵。

I'm obsessed with this biodiversity,

我對這種生物多樣性很著迷。

the magic of the infinite network,

無限網絡的神奇。

where every species depends on others to survive.

在這裡，每一個物種都依靠其他物種生存。

For most of my career,

在我職業生涯的大部分時間裡。

I focused on just one of those fascinating connections

我只關注了其中的一個迷人的聯繫

between insects and fungi in the soil.

土壤中的昆蟲和真菌之間。

I longed to understand the scale of these networks

我渴望瞭解這些網絡的規模。

and to understand how they might help us

並瞭解它們如何幫助我們

with one of the greatest challenges facing humanity:

應對人類面臨的最大挑戰之一。

our rapidly warming planet.

我們迅速變暖的地球。

The problem is clear.

問題很明顯。

We know we need to reduce our emissions

我們知道我們需要減少排放

and draw the existing carbon out of the atmosphere,

並將現有的碳從大氣中抽出。

stop the damage and start the repair.

止損並開始修復。

And this is where forests can help.

而這正是森林可以提供幫助的地方。

Like all plants, trees capture carbon from the atmosphere,

像所有的植物一樣，樹木從大氣中捕捉碳。

and they use it for growth.

他們用它來成長。

And some of that carbon enters the soil,

而其中一部分碳進入土壤。

where it can stay for hundreds or even thousands of years.

在那裡它可以停留幾百年甚至幾千年。

If we could stop the losses of forests around the world,

如果我們能阻止世界各地森林的損失。

we could directly help to cut our annual emissions.

我們可以直接幫助減少我們每年的排放量。

And if we could start to tip the balance in the other direction,

如果我們能開始將平衡向另一個方向傾斜。

we might even help the repair process.

我們甚至可以幫助維修過程。

But if people were really going to invest their valuable time and energy

但如果人們真的要投入寶貴的時間和精力的話

in a solution like this,

在這樣的解決方案中。

we needed to comprehend the size of this opportunity

我們需要理解這個機會的大小。

and understand the impacts that we can have as individuals.

並瞭解我們作為個人可以產生的影響。

But comprehending something of this scale

但要理解這種規模的東西。

was a completely new challenge for me and my colleagues.

對我和我的同事來說，是一個全新的挑戰。

For this, we needed the knowledge of experts all over the world.

為此，我們需要全世界專家的知識。

So we began building a new network.

於是，我們開始建立一個新的網絡。

The more people we contacted, the more data we received,

我們接觸的人越多，收到的數據越多。

and the more clearly patterns began to emerge.

並開始出現越發清晰的模式。

With data from over 1.2 million forests,

有120多萬森林的數據。

we were able to build new machine learning models

我們能夠建立新的機器學習模型

to predict forest structure around the world.

以預測世界各地的森林結構。

For the first time,

第一次。

we could see that our earth is home to just over three trillion trees,

我們可以看到，我們的地球上有超過3萬億棵樹。

almost half of what existed before human civilization.

幾乎是人類文明之前的一半。

We could see where the different species are distributed

我們可以看到不同物種的分佈情況

and how carbon is stored in this massive system.

以及碳如何儲存在這個龐大的系統中。

But this approach could also show us something more transformative.

但這種方法也能讓我們看到更多變革性的東西。

Using the same models, we could begin to see where trees might naturally grow

使用同樣的模型，我們可以開始看到樹木可能自然生長的地方。

under the existing climate.

在現有氣候下，。

And this suggested

這表明

that outside of urban and agricultural areas,

即在城市和農業地區以外。

there's 0.9 billion hectares where trees would naturally exist.

有9億公頃的土地，樹木會自然存在。

And this is room for just over one trillion new trees.

而這僅僅是一萬多億棵新樹的空間。

We estimated that if we could protect these areas in the long term,

我們估計，如果我們能長期保護這些地區。

then the soils and vegetation

風土人情

might capture up to 30 percent of the excess carbon in the atmosphere,

可能會捕捉到大氣中30%的多餘碳。

capturing decades of human emissions.

捕捉數十年的人類排放；

We now have a wealth of ongoing research to refine these initial estimates.

我們現在有大量正在進行的研究來完善這些初步估計。

But the scale of this potential

但這種潛在的規模

suggests that along with all the other benefits these ecosystems provide,

表明，隨著這些生態系統提供的所有其他好處。

they might also represent a valuable role in our fight against climate change.

它們也可能在我們應對氣候變化的鬥爭中發揮寶貴作用。

When our research was accepted to be published in the journal Science,

當我們的研究被《科學》雜誌接受發表時。

nothing could have prepared us for the media explosion that followed.

沒有什麼可以讓我們準備的媒體爆炸，隨後。

Suddenly, it seemed like the whole world was talking about the potential of trees.

突然間，似乎全世界都在談論樹木的潛力。

Under the umbrella of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration,

在聯合國生態系統恢復十年的範圍內：

the World Economic Forum launched their Trillion Trees Campaign

世界經濟論壇發起了他們的 "萬億樹木運動"。

to go alongside similar efforts from the WWF and United Nations.

與世界自然基金會和聯合國的類似努力並駕齊驅。

Suddenly, governments and companies all around the world

突然間，世界各地的政府和公司

were pledging their commitment to the restoration of earth's forests.

承諾恢復地球上的森林；

And with the job creation that would result,

以及由此帶來的就業機會。

the idea of a global restoration movement was becoming a reality.

全球修復運動的想法正在成為現實。

But in the excitement of it all,

但在這一切的刺激下。

and with the chance to make that positive impact I'd always dreamed of,

並有機會產生積極的影響，我一直夢想著。

I made some naive and stupid mistakes in communication

我在溝通中犯了一些天真而愚蠢的錯誤。

that threatened the entire message.

威脅到了整個消息。

The simplicity of our message was its strength,

我們的資訊簡單是它的優勢。

but it came at the expense of nuance that is so important.

但它是以犧牲如此重要的細微差別為代價的。

And as the headlines began to emerge,

而當頭條新聞開始出現的時候。

I desperately just wanted to pull them back in.

我拼命地只想把他們拉回來。

Because to some, it seemed like we were proposing restoration

因為在某些人看來，我們似乎是在提議恢復原狀。

as the single solution to climate change.

作為解決氣候變化的唯一辦法，

And this is the opposite of what this movement needs.

而這恰恰是這個運動所需要的反面教材。

When viewed through this lens,

通過這個鏡頭看時。

restoration just seems like an easy way out,

恢復只是看起來像一個簡單的方式了。

a chance for us to "offset our emissions" by planting a few trees

機會，讓我們通過種植幾棵樹來 "抵消我們的排放"

and ignore the very real and urgent challenges of cutting emissions

而忽視了減排這一非常現實和緊迫的挑戰。

and protecting the ecosystems that we currently have.

並保護我們現有的生態系統。

Restoration is not a silver bullet.

修復不是銀彈。

There is no silver bullet.

沒有銀彈。

It is just one of a huge portfolio of solutions

這只是龐大的解決方案組合中的一個。

that we so desperately need.

我們如此迫切需要的。

And this view of trees as an easy way out is such a tempting perspective,

而這種以樹為易的觀點，就是這樣一個誘人的角度。

but it is a real threat to the climate change movement

但這是對氣候變化運動的真正威脅。

and to the ecosystems that still remain.

以及對仍然存在的生態系統。

(Faint sounds)

（微弱的聲音）

This is also the sound of trees.

這也是樹的聲音。

It's a eucalyptus plantation

這是一個桉樹種植園。

that exists just a couple of miles away from where we began.

就在離我們開始的地方几英里遠的地方。

Notice how there were no sounds of birds or insects.

注意，怎麼沒有鳥語蟲鳴的聲音。

The songs of biodiversity are gone.

生物多樣性的歌聲已經消失了。

That's because what you're hearing is not an ecosystem.

那是因為你聽到的不是一個生態系統。

It's a monoculture of one single tree species

它是一種單一樹種的單株栽培

planted for rapid tree growth.

栽種的樹木生長迅速。

Along with the biodiversity that used to live here,

以及曾經生活在這裡的生物多樣性。

this local community has now lost the benefits those ecosystems provided,

這個地方社區現在已經失去了這些生態系統提供的好處。

like clean water, soil fertility,

比如干淨的水，土壤肥力。

and most urgently,

也是最緊迫的。

protection from the intense fires that now threaten the region every summer.

現在每年夏天都會威脅到該地區的烈火。

The UN suggests that almost half of reforested areas around the world

聯合國建議，全世界幾乎有一半的再造林地區。

are monocultures just like this,

是單一文化就像這樣。

planted for rapid timber production or carbon capture.

栽種，以快速生產木材或碳捕獲。

Just like a farm, these plantations may be valuable for timber,

就像農場一樣，這些種植園可能是有價值的木材。

but they are not the restoration of nature.

但它們並不是自然的恢復。

And monocultures are just one of the many ways

單一文化只是眾多方式中的一種。

we can damage ecosystems

我們會破壞生態系統

when we offset our emissions without considering the local ecology

當我們在不考慮當地生態環境的情況下抵消我們的排放時

or the people that depend on it.

或依賴它的人。

Following these mistakes, a second wave of articles flooded in,

在這些錯誤之後，第二波文章湧入。

warning of the risks of restoration done wrong.

警惕修復做錯的風險。

And this criticism was so painful

而這種責備是如此的痛苦

because it was entirely correct.

因為它是完全正確的。

But most of all,

但最重要的是。

I was terrified that we would squander this incredible opportunity,

我很害怕我們會浪費這個不可思議的機會。

because restoration has such enormous potential for positive impact.

因為修復工作具有如此巨大的積極影響潛力。

But just like every good idea, it only works if we get it right.

但就像每一個好的想法一樣，只有我們把它弄對了，它才會成功。

But as the dust settled,

但隨著塵埃落定。

we realized that this was actually a time

我們意識到，這其實是一個時代

when the entire movement gained real momentum.

當整個運動獲得真正的動力。

More people than ever were interested in global restoration,

比以往更多的人對全球修復感興趣。

and with messages flooding in

而隨著資訊的湧入

about the successes and failures of restoration projects around the world,

關於世界各地修復項目的成功和失敗。

we had access to the lessons that can help us to get it right.

我們有機會接觸到可以幫助我們把它做好的課程。

Every new criticism offered incredible opportunities to learn and grow.

每一個新的責備都提供了不可思議的學習和成長的機會。

Every failed restoration example

每一個失敗的修復例子

was a lesson on how to improve future projects.

是對今後項目改進的一個借鏡。

These learnings were an entirely new source of data --

這些經驗是一個全新的數據來源 -- --

data from the real heroes of this movement,

來自這場運動的真正英雄的數據。

from the people on the ground

地頭蛇

who were conserving and managing ecosystems around the world.

他們在世界各地保護和管理生態系統。

No one knows their ecosystems more,

沒有人更瞭解他們的生態系統。

and no one is more aware of the risks of restoration done wrong

而沒有人比他更清楚修復錯誤的風險。

and the need for accurate ecological information

和準確的生態資訊的需要

to show the best areas to focus on,

以顯示需要關注的最佳領域。

which species can exist in those regions,

哪些物種可以存在於這些地區。

and what benefits those species can provide to the community.

以及這些物種能給社區帶來什麼好處。

Historically, these are questions that have been addressed

從歷史上看，這些問題已經得到解決。

through years of rigorous trial and error.

通過多年的嚴格試錯。

But we started wondering:

但我們開始懷疑。

What if we fed this deep on-the-ground knowledge

如果我們把這些深層的實地知識傳授給你

back into our machine-learning models

回到我們的機器學習模型中

to learn from the thousands of successes and failures?

以此來吸取千百年來的成功和失敗的教訓？

Could this help us to identify

這是否可以幫助我們確定

which strategies are working and failing around the world?

哪些戰略在全球範圍內是有效的，哪些是失敗的？

And about a year ago, we started working with Google

而大約一年前，我們開始與谷歌合作。

to help build and scale this idea into a functioning online ecosystem,

以幫助建立並將這一想法擴展為一個有效的在線生態系統。

where projects from around the world can learn and grow together.

來自世界各地的項目可以在這裡共同學習和成長。

By pairing Google's technology and our models,

通過將谷歌的技術和我們的模式對。

this ever-growing network of scientists, restoration projects, and NGOs

這個由科學家、恢復項目和非政府組織組成的不斷增長的網絡。

could now build the platform that could serve the restoration movement.

現在可以搭建平臺，為復國運動服務。

And I am so excited to give you a first glimpse

我很高興能讓你先睹為快。

of what we've been working on.

的，我們一直在努力。

This is Restor, an open data platform for the restoration movement,

這就是Restor，一個修復運動的開放數據平臺。

providing free ecological insights

免費提供生態學方面的見解

to show which species of trees, grasses, or shrubs might exist in that region,

以顯示該地區可能存在哪些樹種、草種或灌木。

monitoring of projects

項目的監測

so that we can all see the developments happening on the ground.

以便我們都能看到當地的事態發展。

And most importantly,

而最重要的是。

for the sharing of ecological information

生態資訊的共享

so that restoration organizations can learn one another

以便修復機構相互學習

and so that funders can find and track projects to support.

並使資助者能夠找到並跟蹤要支持的項目。

Restor is a digital ecosystem for restoration.

Restor是一個修復的數字生態系統。

The more data the community uploads, the stronger the predictions get

社區上傳的數據越多，預測能力越強

and the more informed action we can all take.

以及我們大家可以採取的更明智的行動。

Putting the learnings of thousands of projects

將數千個項目的經驗教訓

into the hands of people everywhere.

到各地人民手中。

And this ecosystem is much bigger than just planting trees.

而這個生態系統比單純的種樹要大得多。

Trees are just the symbol for entire ecosystem restoration.

樹木只是整個生態系統恢復的象徵。

Restor is for the protection of land so trees can recover,

恢復是為了保護土地，讓樹木能夠恢復。

for the amendment of soil so vegetation can return,

用於改良土壤，使植被能夠恢復。

and for the thousands of other approaches used

以及其他數千種方法的使用

to promote the health of grasslands, peatlands,

以促進草原、泥炭地的健康。

and all other ecosystems that are equally important for life on earth.

以及其他所有對地球生命同樣重要的生態系統。

Whether you want to support a wetland conservation project

無論您是想支持一個溼地保護項目。

with huge carbon potential

具有巨大碳潛力的

or simply find which species of plant might exist in your garden

或只是簡單地查找你的花園中可能存在的植物種類。

and how much soil carbon they could accumulate,

以及它們能積累多少土壤碳。

with this tool,

用這個工具。

we hope that everyone everywhere

我們希望大家在各地

will have a chance to engage in the restoration movement.

將有機會參與復國運動。

The word "restore" is defined

"恢復 "一詞的定義是

as the act of returning something back to its original state,

作為將某物恢復到其原始狀態的行為。

but it's also the act of returning it back to its original owners.

但這也是物歸原主的行為。

The restoration of nature is for the local biodiversity

恢復自然是為了當地的生物多樣性。

and the communities that depend on it.

以及依靠它生存的社區。

And as that network grows, the collective action benefits everyone.

而隨著這個網絡的發展，集體行動對每個人都有利。

And these benefits go far beyond the threat of climate change.

而這些好處遠遠超出了氣候變化的威脅。

Even if climate change stopped right now,

即使現在氣候變化停止了。

the protection and rebuilding of earth's biodiversity

保護和重建地球上的生物多樣性

would still be a top priority because it underpins all life on earth.

仍將是重中之重，因為它是地球上所有生命的基礎。

It can help us with all other global threats,

它可以幫助我們應對所有其他全球威脅。

including extreme weather events, droughts,

包括極端天氣事件、乾旱。

food shortages and global pandemics.

糧食短缺和全球大流行病；

But global restoration won't be easy,

但是，全球恢復並不容易。

and it will not be solved by tech solutions alone.

而僅靠技術解決是解決不了的。

These tools can inform us,

這些工具可以為我們提供資訊。

but ultimately the challenge is one that can only be addressed by us,

但最終的挑戰只能由我們來解決。

by all of us.

由我們大家。

Just like the interdependent species that make up natural ecosystems,

就像構成自然生態系統的相互依存的物種一樣。

we humans are deeply dependent on one another.

人與人之間脣齒相依

We need the immense network of limitless connections,

我們需要無限的聯繫的巨大網絡。

the farmers and project leaders on the ground

農民和項目負責人的實地考察

who need local markets and industries to make use of sustainable products.

他們需要當地市場和產業來利用可持續產品。

The scientists, governments, NGOs, businesses, you, me,

科學家、政府、NGO、企業、你、我。

we are all needed to keep this movement going.

我們都需要讓這個運動繼續下去。

We need the whole ecology of humanity.

我們需要整個人類的生態環境。

Thank you.

謝謝你了