Besides curiosity and intelligence, Children may want to develop creativity, passion, resilience, intuition, confidence, generosity, mindfulness humor and many, many other important traits.

除了好奇心和智力，孩子們可能要培養創造力、激情、韌性、直覺、自信、慷慨、心靈幽默和許多許多其他重要的特質。

Edith Ackerman's theory of the Whole Child development identifies four natural urges that drive our growth throughout childhood into adult life.

伊迪絲-阿克曼的 "兒童整體發展 "理論確定了四種自然衝動，這些衝動推動著我們從童年到成年的成長。

Being me, us, the world and human creations.

作為我、我們、世界和人類的創造物。

Each of these four urges can be divided into two sub categories.

這四種衝動又可分為兩小類。

Toe.

趾頭。

Understand them better.

更好地理解他們。

Let's look at the theory from the perspective of a young girl.

讓我們從一個年輕女孩的角度來看看這個理論。

Being me is about learning to use my body and exploring my mind.

做我，就是要學會用我的身體，探索我的心靈。

Tha bility to control my body allows me to discover the world, and as a result, I could get to know where I'm at and who I am.

Tha bility to control my body allows me to discover the world, and as a result, I could get to know where I'm at and who I am。

By using my body, I put my five senses toe work.

通過用身體，我把五官工作。

This is how I learned to walk, speak, listen and develop healthy habits.

我就是這樣學會了走路、說話、聽話，養成了健康的習慣。

Soon I might impress older folks with my clear speech, good posture and other physical capabilities.

不久後，我可能會以清晰的口齒、良好的姿勢和其他體能給老人們留下深刻印象。

Knowing myself helps me to develop a voice in my home and find my place in this world.

認識自己，有助於我在家裡發聲，找到自己在這個世界的位置。

It allows me to learn what I like, what I don't like and what potential is still inside of me.

它讓我瞭解到我喜歡什麼，不喜歡什麼，我內心還有什麼潛力。

By knowing who I am, I can understand my own subjectivity and form an identity.

通過了解我是誰，我可以瞭解自己的主體性，形成認同感。

I am proud off us is about how I relate to friends, family and strangers and my understanding of their thoughts, feelings and behaviors.

我引以為豪的是我如何與朋友、家人和陌生人相處，以及我對他們的思想、感情和行為的理解。

Let me begin with relating to others.

先說說與他人的關係吧。

As a child, I seek the love, attention and respect from my parents.

作為孩子，我尋求父母的愛、關注和尊重。

But I also have a fundamental natural urge to have social interactions with others.

但我也有一種基本的自然衝動，希望與他人進行社會交往。

That means I need to learn to share and care so I could belong one day.

這意味著我需要學會分享和關懷，這樣才有一天可以屬於自己。

I want to become a respected member of a group while keeping my own identity.

我想在保持自己身份的同時，成為一個團體中受人尊敬的一員。

Understanding others is another thing.

理解他人是另一回事。

I want to learn about my friends and their emotions.

我想了解我的朋友和他們的情感。

Intentions, Ways of thinking and behaviors interest me.

意圖、思維方式和行為方式讓我感興趣。

I want to learn to move away from my own limited point of view and integrate other people's perspective to develop more complex understanding of morality and social problems.

我要學會從自己有限的觀點中走出來，融入別人的觀點，對道德和社會問題有更復雜的認識。

Yeah, making sense of the world means figuring out how things work.

是啊，讓世界變得更有意義意味著要弄清楚事情是如何運作的。

That's why we play through exploration.

所以我們通過探索來玩。

I quench my thirst for seeking logic and discover this universe.

我飲鴆止渴地尋求邏輯，發現這個宇宙。

Adults call it exploring and investigating.

大人們稱之為探索和調查。

We call it play.

我們稱它為遊戲。

That's how we learn.

這就是我們學習的方式。

Sometimes it gets messy, but by playing I realize that some things change while others don't.

有時會變得很亂，但通過玩，我意識到有些東西會改變，而有些東西不會改變。

In other words, I learn how things work.

換句話說，我學會了如何運作。

Later, I could become a real scientist who plays with big ideas and theories and explains the workings of this world to you.

以後，我可以成為一個真正的科學家，玩大的思想和理論，給你解釋這個世界的運作。

I am seeking logic all the time, as Children don't just want to discover how things work.

我無時無刻不在尋求邏輯，因為孩子們不只是想發現事物的運作方式。

We also look for consistency where there is little to make sense of this world.

我們也在這個世界上沒有什麼意義的地方尋找一致性。

We filter, interpret and reconstruct what we experience into mental models.

我們將我們所經歷的東西過濾、解釋和重構為心理模型。

I think adults call them schema.

我想大人們都叫他們模式。

This urge for order helps me to reorganize.

這種對秩序的衝動幫助我重新整理。

What I learn in for rules and apply fundamental laws in real life human creations is about me being able to imagine alternatives in my head.

我在為規則中學習到的東西，並在現實生活中的人類創作中應用基本規律，就是我能夠在腦海中想象出替代方案。

If I can image something new, I am able to go and actually created.

如果我能夠想象出一些新的東西，我就能夠去實際創造。

Imagine ating is one of humans.

想象一下，阿丁是人類中的一員。

Greatest achievements without imagination.

沒有想象力的偉大成就。

All innovation would happen by chance.

所有的創新都是偶然發生的。

That's why I need fantasy in a lot of free time to play.

所以我需要幻想在大量的空閒時間來玩。

Pretend this way I will learn to think out of the box through creations.

假裝這樣，我會通過創作，學會突破思維定勢。

I can express my thoughts and bring my imagination toe life.

我可以表達我的想法，把我的想象力帶到生活中去。

And there are hundreds of ways to do so.

而且有上百種方法。

I can create atmosphere with my voice ideas with my head and pictures that I paint with my hand.

我可以用腦子裡的聲音構思，用手畫的圖畫來營造氣氛。

If I am given the space, I can create cozy rooms beneath the kitchen table or one day when I'm older.

如果給我足夠的空間，我可以在廚房的桌子下面，或者有一天我老了之後，創造出舒適的房間。

Design an entire house.

設計一個完整的房子。

Edith Ackerman was born in Switzerland in 1946.

伊迪絲-阿克曼1946年生於瑞士。

After graduating, she became a protege of Jean Pierre Jai at M.

畢業後，她成為讓-皮埃爾-傑伊在M.C.的門生。

I T.

I T.

Media Lab, where she spent most of her career.

媒體實驗室，她在那裡度過了她大部分的職業生涯。

She was exploring the interactions between play learning and design.

她在探索遊戲學習與設計之間的互動。

Whole Child Development, also known as holistic education, seeks to engage Children in the whole of there.

兒童全人發展，也稱為整體教育，旨在讓兒童參與到整體中來。

Being and potential.

存在和潛力。

It assumes that each child arrives at this world with their own set of talents and interests that are, to some degree completely independent from the child's upbringing.

它假設每個孩子來到這個世界上都有自己的一套天賦和興趣，這些天賦和興趣在某種程度上完全獨立於孩子的成長環境。

Some refer to this whole as the mind, body and soul.

有人把這個整體稱為心、身、靈。

The Swiss educator Pest Alozie referred to it as the hand, the heart and the head, and further, still many others try to sum up a child in 48 skills, social, emotional and so forth.

瑞士教育家佩斯-阿洛齊把它稱為手、心、頭，進一步說，還有很多人試圖用48項技能來概括一個孩子，社交、情感等等。

But does any such division actually pay respect to the whole?

但任何這樣的劃分是否真正尊重了整體？

Does it capture a sense of humor and appreciation of the arts or the ability to be mindful?

是抓住了幽默感和藝術鑑賞力，還是抓住了心態的能力？

For this reason, the work of Ackerman offers a more wholesome perspective.

為此，阿克曼的作品提供了一個更加健康的視角。

What are your thoughts?

你有什麼想法？

Please share them in the comments below Sprouts videos are published under the Creative Commons license.

請在下面的評論中分享它們，Sprouts視頻是在知識共享許可下發布的。

That means our videos are free and anyone can download, edit and play them for personal use and public schools, governments and nonprofit organizations can also use them for training online courses or designing new curriculums.

這意味著我們的視頻是免費的，任何人都可以下載、編輯和播放這些視頻供個人使用，公立學校、政府和非營利組織也可以使用這些視頻來培訓在線課程或設計新的課程。

Toe Help us stay independent and support our work.

腳趾幫助我們保持獨立，支持我們的工作。

You can join our patrons and contribute.

你可以加入我們的贊助人，並做出貢獻。

Just visit patryan dot com slash sprouts.

只要訪問patryan點com斜線屮。

Even $1 can make a difference.

哪怕是1美元，也能帶來不同的效果。