We sit down on our desks, toe work on a big project and yet find ourselves checking email or scrolling a slack channel or doing something else rather than the thing we planned to do with our time.

我們坐在辦公桌上，趾高氣揚地做著一個大項目，卻發現自己正在查看電子郵件或滾動一個懶散的頻道，或者在做別的事情，而不是我們計劃用時間做的事情。

What is going on here?

這到底是怎麼回事？

And is it really technology that is to blame, or is there something deeper going on?

那到底是技術的原因，還是有更深層次的原因呢？

Companies like Kohut get kids hooked.

像Kohut這樣的公司讓孩子們著迷。

Thio, in classroom learning fit bod gets people hooked to exercising in the gym.

Thio，在課堂上學習健美的體魄讓人們迷上了在健身房運動。

Bite foods gets people hooked to healthier food options.

百特食品讓人們迷上了更健康的食物選擇。

But of course, there's also a flip side that when we design products to be engaging, sometimes some products with some people are overused and we can become distracting.

但當然，也有一個反面，就是當我們設計的產品要吸引人的時候，有時候一些產品與一些人過度使用，我們會變得心不在焉。

And what I learned is that distraction, it turns out, is not a new problem that, in fact, Plato talked about the problem of distraction 2500 years ago.

而我瞭解到的是，分心，原來並不是一個新問題，事實上，柏拉圖在2500年前就談到了分心的問題。

He called it a crazy this tendency that we all have to do things against our better interest, and it's a fascinating question, I think.

他稱這是一種瘋狂的這種傾向，我們都必須做一些違揹我們更好的利益的事情，我想這是一個很有意思的問題。

Why is it that despite knowing what to Dio, we don't do the things we know we should.

為什麼雖然知道要迪奧，但我們卻不去做我們知道應該做的事情。

We know we should exercise.

我們知道我們應該運動。

We don't we know we should eat better.

我們不... ...我們知道我們應該吃得更好。

We don't We know we should work on that big project and we procrastinate.

我們不知道我們應該在那個大項目上工作，但我們卻拖延了。

Why don't we do the things we know we should?

為什麼我們不做我們知道應該做的事情？

And so, in order to understand this fundamental question, I think we have to start by understanding What do we mean when we use this term distraction?

所以，為了理解這個基本問題，我想我們必須先理解我們使用這個術語分心是什麼意思？

The best way to understand what distraction is is to understand what distraction is not.

瞭解什麼是分心，最好的方法就是了解什麼是不分心。

The opposite of distraction is not focus.

分心的反面是不專注。

The opposite of distraction turns out to be traction.

分心的反面原來是牽引。

If you look at the Entomology of the word, traction and distraction, both come from the same Latin root trickery, which means to pull and you both.

如果你看一下Entomology這個詞，牽引和分心，都來自同一個拉丁文詞根trickery，意思是拉和你都。

You'll notice that both words end in the same six letters.

你會發現這兩個詞的結尾都是相同的六個字母。

They both end in a c t i o N action.

它們都以c t i o n行動結束。

So traction is any action that pulls us towards what we want to do.

所以，牽引力是指任何拉著我們走向我們想做的事情的行動。

Things that we do with intent.

我們用心做的事情。

Now the opposite of traction is distraction.

現在，與牽引力相反的是分心。

Anything we do that pulls us away from what we plan to do.

我們所做的任何事情，都會把我們從計劃中拉開。

Things that we do without intent.

我們所做的事情都是無心的。

Now this is important for a few reasons.

現在這一點很重要，原因有幾個。

One, I think it frees us from this ridiculous moral hierarchy that what I do with my time is fine.

第一，我認為它把我們從這種可笑的道德等級制度中解放出來，我用我的時間做什麼都可以。

But with what you do with your time, that's frivolous.

但你用你的時間做什麼，那是輕浮的。

So you spending time on Facebook or Candy Crush?

所以，你花時間在Facebook或糖果粉碎？

No, that's a waste of time.

不，那是在浪費時間。

But me watching football for three hours.

但我看了三個小時的足球。

That's okay.

那就好

Why, If they're done with intent, If these are things that are consistent with your values that you plan to do with your time, they're both perfectly fine pastimes.

為什麼，如果他們是用心去做的，如果這些都是符合你的價值觀的事情，你打算用你的時間去做，他們都是完全可以的消遣。

The other thing that's important about this dichotomy is that we can realize that anything can become a distraction.

這個二分法的另一個重要意義在於，我們可以意識到，任何東西都可能成為一種干擾。

For example, in my case, I would sit down on my desk and I would promise myself that now I'm going to get to work.

例如，在我的情況下，我會坐在我的辦公桌上，我會答應自己，現在我要去工作了。

Now I'm going to do that thing that I procrastinating on.

現在我要去做那件我拖延的事情。

I'm going to finally do what it is.

我終於要做什麼了。

I said.

我說。

I'm going to dio right after I check email right after I scroll that slack channel and something that felt work E.

我要去dio右後，我檢查電子郵件後，我滾動，懈怠的管道和東西，感覺工作E。

It felt like something I needed to do anyway for my my work right.

這感覺就像我需要做的事情，反正我我的工作權。

We all have to check email.

我們都要檢查電子郵件。

That's just part of our jobs.

這只是我們工作的一部分。

However, if it's not what you plan to do with your time, if it's something that you are not doing with intent, it is just as much of a distraction.

然而，如果這不是你打算用時間去做的事情，如果這不是你用心去做的事情，它同樣會讓你分心。

So the next question is, why are we prompted Thio either do actions that take us towards traction or distraction?

那麼接下來的問題是，為什麼促使我們Thio要麼做行動，讓我們走向牽引，要麼分心？

Well, there are two things that prompt us to take these actions the first or what we call the external triggers.

好吧，有兩件事情促使我們採取這些行動第一件或者我們稱之為外部觸發器。

External triggers are things in our environment that prompt us to either traction or distraction.

外部誘因是指環境中促使我們或牽引或分心的事物。

So if an external trigger like a paying a ding, a ring, a notification, even a colleague prompts you to do something you plan to do with your time, it's leading you towards traction.

所以，如果一個外部的觸發因素，比如一個支付寶的叮囑，一個鈴聲，一個通知，甚至是一個同事，提示你去做一些你計劃用時間去做的事情，這就是在引導你走向牽引。

However, if one of these notifications, uh, takes you off track, prompt you to do something you didn't plan to dio, as it was the case when I was with my daughter, when my phone buzzed and I was on my device as opposed to being present with her, it led me towards distraction.

然而，如果這些通知中的一個，呃，需要你偏離軌道，促使你做一些你沒有計劃的事情dio，就像它的情況下，當我與我的女兒，當我的手機嗡嗡聲，我在我的設備上，而不是與她在場，它導致我對分心。

However, as much as we blame these external triggers, it turns out the most common source of distraction are not the things outside of us, but rather the fact that distraction tends to start from within us these air.

然而，儘管我們把這些外在的誘因歸咎於此，但事實證明，最常見的分心來源並不是我們外在的事物，而是分心往往從我們這些空氣內部開始。

What we call the internal triggers internal triggers are these uncomfortable emotional states that we seek to escape from.

我們所說的內部誘因內部誘因就是這些不舒服的情緒狀態，我們要設法逃避。

And so if we're going to answer Plato's question of why do we do things against our better interests?

所以，如果我們要回答柏拉圖的問題，為什麼我們要做違揹我們更好的利益的事情？

We have to start a layer deeper.

我們必須從更深的一層開始。

We have to start with the question of why do we do anything and everything?

我們要從為什麼要做任何事情、做任何事情的問題入手。

Most people, if you ask them, why do people do what they do?

大多數人，如果你問他們，人為什麼要這樣做？

What's the fundamental nature of human motivation?

人的動機的根本性質是什麼？

They'll give you some version of carrots and sticks.

他們會給你一些胡蘿蔔和棒子的版本。

This is called Freud's pleasure principle that everything we do is about the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.

這就是所謂的弗洛伊德的快樂原則，我們所做的一切都是為了追求快樂，避免痛苦。

But neurologically speaking, that is not true.

但從神經學的角度來說，並非如此。

That, in fact, what we now know is that everything that we do, we do for one reason, and that is to escape from discomfort.

這一點，其實我們現在知道的是，我們所做的一切，都是為了一個原因，那就是逃避不適。

We know this to be true physiologically if you think about it, if you go outside and it's cold, you put on a coat, and if it's hot once you walk back inside you take it off.

我們知道這是生理上的真實情況，如果你想一想，如果你到外面去，天冷了，你就穿上外套，如果天熱了，你一走回屋裡就把外套脫掉。

If you're hungry, you feel hunger pangs.

如果你餓了，你就會感到飢餓感。

You eat and when you're stuffed you've eaten too much.

你吃東西，當你吃飽了，你就吃多了。

That doesn't feel good.

這感覺並不好。

You stop eating.

你不要再吃了

So these air physiological sensations that prompt us towards action The same rule applies to psychological discomfort.

所以，這些空氣中的生理感覺，促使我們走向行動 同樣的規則也適用於心理上的不適。

So let me ask you, what website or app do people check when they're feeling lonely?

那麼我問你，當人們感到寂寞的時候，會查看什麼網站或APP？

Where do we go?

我們要去哪裡？

Facebook?

臉書？

Let me said tinder also true, Different kind of loneliness, but also And what about when we're feeling bored?

讓我說火柴也是真的，不同的孤獨，但也和我們感到無聊的時候怎麼辦？

Where do we go when we're feeling bored?

當我們感到無聊的時候，我們會去哪裡？

We check YouTube, we look at red and we look at stock prices, sports scores, Pinterest.

我們查YouTube，我們看紅色，我們看股票價格，體育比分，Pinterest。

All of these products and services cater to this uncomfortable emotional itch, this feeling that we don't want to experience.

所有這些產品和服務都迎合了這種不舒服的情感之癢，這種我們不想體驗的感覺。

Therefore, if we conclude that all behavior is prompted by a desire to escape discomfort, that means that time management is pain management, that the latest life hacks and gurus techniques don't work unless we fundamentally understand this fact that time management is pain management.

是以，如果我們得出的結論是，所有的行為都是由逃避不適的慾望所促使的，那就意味著時間管理就是痛苦管理，除非我們從根本上理解時間管理就是痛苦管理這個事實，否則最新的生活小竅門和大師們的技術都沒有用。

If we do not deal with the reason why we are looking for escape, why we are getting distract in the first place?

如果我們不處理好自己尋找逃避的原因，為什麼一開始就會心煩意亂呢？

Why we want to take our mind off of this emotional discomfort.

為什麼我們要從這種情緒上的不適中解脫出來。