Name: 恐懼症從何而來？| 恐懼症是怎麼來的？ (Where do phobias come from? | BBC Ideas)
Uploaded: 2020-10-29T20:00:30.000Z
Duration: 4 min 25 s

What's going on inside you when you're having a phobic reaction?

當你有恐懼症反應的時候，你的內心是怎麼想的？

In your brain the amygdala recognises this is a danger situation.

在你的大腦中，杏仁核識別出這是一個危險的情況。

The hypothalamus triggers your fight or flight response.

下丘腦會觸發你的戰鬥或逃跑反應。

And the hippocampus takes note of your fear.

Your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up,

there's more glucose in your blood, increasing your energy.

血液中有更多的葡萄糖，增加你的能量。

對於大多數人來說，前額葉皮層。

the rational, uniquely human part of the brain,

大腦中理性的、人類獨有的部分。

But if you have a phobia, that process doesn't quite work.

但如果你有恐懼症，這個過程就不太行得通了。

Your brain's constantly stuck in tiger attack mode.

你的大腦一直停留在老虎攻擊模式。

The first phobia in history belonged to a man who was absolutely terrified

歷史上第一個恐懼症是屬於一個絕對恐懼的人的

This was described 2,500 years ago by the Greek father of medicine,

這是2500年前希臘醫學之父所描述的。

but Hippocrates didn't use the word phobia,

但希波克拉底並沒有使用恐懼症這個詞。

this came 500 years later when the Roman author Celsus

這是在500年後，羅馬作家塞爾蘇斯

...也就是我們現在所知道的狂犬病。

Celsus took the word phobia from the Greek god Phobos,

塞爾蘇斯把恐懼症這個詞取自希臘神菲比斯。

who was so terrifying that warriors would paint his face on their shields

One of Freud's most famous case studies was a boy called Little Hans

弗洛伊德最著名的案例之一是一個叫小漢斯的男孩。

Freud thought that this was really an unconscious fear of his father

弗洛伊德認為，這其實是對父親的無意識恐懼

and related to sexual feelings for his mother.

Modern psychoanalysts still believe that phobias can be caused

現代精神分析學家仍然認為，恐懼症可以引起

Another theory is that at least some fears are innate.

另一種理論是，至少有些恐懼是天生的。

One study showed young infants images of spiders and snakes

一項研究向幼年嬰兒展示了蜘蛛和蛇的影像。

and found that their pupils dilated, a sign of fear.

並發現他們的瞳孔放大，這是恐懼的表現。

The theory is that fear of spiders and snakes

And perhaps the same mechanism left us with other common phobias,

而或許同樣的機制也給我們留下了其他常見的恐懼症。

a fear of heights, darkness, confined spaces,

都是危險的，當我們在進化的時候。

A huge number of phobias have been spotted and named since Little Hans.

從小漢斯開始，大量的恐懼症被發現並命名。

We may not know the root cause of phobias,

我們可能不知道恐懼症的根本原因。

但我們知道他們是如何發展的。

You can catch a phobia by seeing other people's fear.

你可以通過看到別人的恐懼來感染恐懼症。

learning about germs can lead to bacillophobia.

Or you can get a phobia by having a traumatic experience,

或者你有過創傷性的經歷，就會得恐懼症。

Despite all that, common phobias are quite similar across cultures.

儘管如此，不同文化中常見的恐懼症還是很相似的。

But one of the few that's culturally specific is taijin kyofusho,

但是，少數幾個有文化特色的是太極拳法。

the Japanese phobia of embarrassing other people.

日本人的恐懼症，害怕讓別人難堪。

All the phobias we've mentioned are classed as...

我們提到的所有恐懼症都被歸類為...

Social phobia is triggered by being around people you don't know,

社交恐懼症是由在不認識的人身邊引發的。

they can be treated with therapy and medication.

他們可以通過治療和藥物治療。

Simple phobias, despite the suffering they cause,

簡單的恐懼症，儘管它們造成了痛苦。

The NHS recommends Cognitive Behavioural Therapy,

with a therapist helping you to gradually get used

在治療師的幫助下，你會逐漸習慣。

So if a phobia's getting you down, why not pop in and see your doctor?

所以，如果恐懼症讓你心煩意亂，為什麼不進來看看醫生呢？

in which case, it's probably better to have a word with the nurse.

在這種情況下，它可能是更好地有一個字與護士。

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恐懼症從何而來？| 恐懼症是怎麼來的？ (Where do phobias come from? | BBC Ideas)

constantly

specific

cognitive

intense