An important scientific question that we have is the separation of natural sea level change versus anthropogenic.

我們有一個重要的科學問題，就是自然海平面變化與人為變化的分離。

There's been a number of papers that have come out that have discussed the emergence of that forced or anthropogenic signal and the altimeter data that's still up for some debate.

已經有很多論文出來，討論了那種強迫或人為信號的出現，而高度計數據還在爭論不休。

So with this longer record, we're gonna be ableto better understand, to provide a better view of what long term sea level rise might be and how it's expressed in the satellite data.

所以有了這個較長的記錄，我們就能更好地理解，提供一個更好的視角，瞭解長期海平面上升的情況，以及它在衛星數據中的表現。

For nearly 30 years, a host of US European satellites have been working together together climate data, which has been instrumental in tracking big changes in climate phenomena like El Nino or monitoring ocean features like the Gulf Stream.

近30年來，美國歐洲的眾多衛星一直在共同研究氣候數據，這對於跟蹤厄爾尼諾等氣候現象的大變化或監測海灣流等海洋特徵都有很大幫助。

But these satellites couldn't capture the tiny changes in these environments, and this is where Sentinel six Mission comes in.

但這些衛星無法捕捉到這些環境的微小變化，這就是哨兵六號任務的作用。

It's part of the EU's Copernicus program, the world's largest earth monitoring system, which has worked to measure the environment, and the role human caused climate change is having on it.

這是歐盟的哥白尼計劃的一部分，這是世界上最大的地球監測系統，它致力於測量環境，以及人類造成的氣候變化對環境的作用。

The mission is made up of two identical satellites.

該任務由兩顆相同的衛星組成。

Sentinel six, Michael Frolik, which takes off in November 2020 and Sentinel six B that launches in 2025.

2020年11月起飛的 "哨兵六號 "邁克爾-弗羅利克和2025年發射的 "哨兵六號B"。

It's an international effort between NASA, the European Space Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites and France's National Center for Space Studies.

這是美國航天局、歐洲航天局、國家海洋和大氣管理局、歐洲氣象衛星利用組織和法國國家空間研究中心之間的一項國際努力。

During its roughly 5.5 year endeavor, the satellite will map more than 90% of our oceans, down to a few centimeters every 10 days.

在其大約5.5年的努力中，該衛星將繪製超過90%的海洋地圖，每10天繪製一次，具體到幾釐米。

Thes measurements will be of high resolution, sea level variations.

Thes measurements will be of high resolution, sea level variations.

The mission will also monitor atmospheric temperature and humidity, which will improve weather forecasts.

該任務還將監測大氣溫度和溼度，這將改善天氣預報。

So the longer the record, the better chance we have of separating out the different processes and the contributions of those processes to sea Level One Focus area for Satellite Sentinel six Michael Frolik will be coastal cities and the risk of flooding because, based on current estimates, places like the Southern Tip of Manhattan could flood between 20 to 40 times a year by the 20 thirties.

是以，記錄的時間越長，我們就越有機會分離出不同的過程以及這些過程對海平面的貢獻。"衛星哨兵六號 "邁克爾-弗羅利克的一個重點領域將是沿海城市和洪水風險，因為根據目前的估計，像曼哈頓南端這樣的地方，到30年代，每年可能會發生20到40次洪水。

On that rate, of flooding could more than double that by 2100.

按照這個速度，到2100年，洪水的數量可能會增加一倍以上。

So having precise, uninterrupted data is crucial, especially since global sea levels, on average, have risen by 3.2 millimeters per year since the 19 nineties.

所以，擁有精確的、不間斷的數據是至關重要的，尤其是自1990年代以來，全球海平面平均每年上升3.2毫米。

And I know it's just three millimeters that's tiny.

我知道這只是三毫米，很微小。

How could that have such a big effect?

怎麼會有這麼大的影響？

Well, turns out an annual three millimeter sea level rise is huge.

嗯，原來每年三毫米的海平面上升是巨大的。

If we look at one millimeter of sea level rise globally, it's about 100 trillion gallons of water for one millimeter of sea level rise.

如果從全球海平面上升一毫米來看，一毫米的海平面上升，大約需要100萬億加侖的水。

So if you adjust that, then we have about 300 trillion gallons of water that increases from year to year.

是以，如果你調整，那麼我們有大約300萬億加侖的水，每年都會增加。

So it's really an incredible amount of water that we're talking about.

所以我們說的水真的是一個不可思議的量。

So to gather this crucial data, the spacecraft has a suite of next generation instruments, starting with its radar altimeter, which will measure sea surface properties like wave height and wind speeds.

是以，為了收集這些關鍵數據，航天器有一套下一代儀器，首先是它的雷達高度計，它將測量海面屬性，如波高和風速。

The ultimate ER will work in tandem with a microwave Radiometer to account for the water vapors levels.

最終的ER將與微波輻射計一起工作，以說明水蒸氣水準。

While those tools will focus on capturing C level data, another instrument will focus on recording tiny changes in Earth's atmosphere, using a technique called radio Occultation, it will collect data on global temperature and humidity rates.

這些工具將側重於捕捉C級數據，而另一種儀器將側重於記錄地球大氣層的微小變化，使用一種稱為無線電掩星的技術，它將收集全球溫度和溼度率的數據。

And finally, the last three instruments will help to exactly locate the spacecraft in orbit.

最後，最後三臺儀器將有助於準確定位航天器在軌道上的位置。

One of the major and most exciting improvements from the past missions is the reduced latency and data delivery times of the ultimate ER data.

與過去的任務相比，最主要和最令人興奮的改進之一是降低了最終ER數據的延遲和數據交付時間。

It's expected to be accessible within three hours of collection, providing some near real time applications.

預計在採集後3小時內就可以訪問，提供一些近乎實時的應用。

So what can we expect on launch day?

那麼在發佈會當天，我們可以期待什麼呢？

The Sentinel six.

哨兵六。

Michael Frolik will hitch a ride on Space X's Falcon nine rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California in November 2020.

Michael Frolik將於2020年11月從加州范登堡空軍基地搭上Space X的獵鷹九號火箭。

From there, the rocket will make its way into orbit and release the satellite at an altitude of about 1300 kilometers, where it will begin its journey to help us in better understanding our changing world.

從那裡，火箭將進入軌道，並在約1300公里的高度釋放衛星，在那裡開始它的旅程，幫助我們更好地瞭解我們不斷變化的世界。

That's happening now.

現在正在發生。

So, ah, a lot of times we think about sea level rise and coastal flooding is a future problem.

所以啊，很多時候我們會想到海平面上升，沿海的洪水是未來的問題。

But for coastlines around the world, we're already seeing the effects of sea level rise.

但對於世界各地的海岸線來說，我們已經看到了海平面上升的影響。

So it's a now problem.

所以這是一個現在的問題。

It's not really a future problems, so it's critical that we make steps to improve our scientific understanding and certainly the satellite Pacific role in that.

這並不是一個真正的未來問題，所以我們必須採取措施來提高我們的科學認識，當然也包括衛星太平洋在其中的作用。

For more rocket launches.

對於更多的火箭發射。

Check out our countdown to launch Siri's here.

點擊這裡查看我們推出Siri的倒計時。

And if there are any other launches that you'd like to see us cover, let us know in the comments below.

如果有任何其他的發射，你想看到我們覆蓋，讓我們在下面的評論中知道。

Thanks for watching.

謝謝你的觀看。

Then I'll see you next time.

那我們下次再見吧。