discrimination on the basis of race, religion, color or national origin. The bill was controversial,

基於種族、宗教、膚色或民族出身的歧視。該法案引起了爭議。

not all politicians wanted to see it go through. One of those people was a Representative from

並非所有的政治家都想看到它通過。其中一個人是來自

Virginia named Howard W. Smith, who proposed an amendment, to insert the word Sex

弗吉尼亞州名叫霍華德-W-史密斯，他提出了一項修正案，插入 "性 "字。

He snuck it into Title VII of the bill, which protects people from discrimination at work.

他把它偷偷塞進了保護人們在工作中不受歧視的法案第七章。

And he did it because he thought that adding sex discrimination protections would make

他之所以這樣做，是因為他認為增加性別歧視的保護措施會使

the bill so unpopular that it wouldn t get enough votes to pass. But it didn t work.

該法案不受歡迎，以至於沒有足夠的票數通過。但它沒有工作。

Congress passes the most sweeping Civil Rights bill ever to be written into the law.

國會通過了有史以來最廣泛的民權法案，並將其寫入法律。

Instead the inclusion of the word in the Civil Rights Act set up a different battle.

而將這個詞納入《民權法案》卻引發了另一場戰鬥。

Because the Civil Rights Act says nothing about sexual orientation or gender identity,

因為《民權法》對性取向或性別認同沒有任何規定。

for the past 50 years, the US has been debating the legal definition of sex and whether it

在過去的50年裡，美國一直在爭論性的法律定義，以及它是否是

protects LGBTQ Americans from discrimination, too.

保護美國LGBTQ也不受歧視。

That answer depends on who you ask and it hangs on the outcome of the 2020 election.

這個答案要看你問的是誰，這關係到2020年大選的結果。

What sex discrimination meant in the context of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was that,

在1964年的《民權法》中，性別歧視的含義是：

women, who were becoming a larger part of the work force, couldn t be discriminated

婦女在勞動力中的比例越來越大，她們不能受到歧視。

against just because of their sex. At the time it didn t explicitly protect LGTBQ people.

對只是因為他們的性別。當時它並沒有明確保護LGTBQ的人。

But over the years, a wave of activism and a string of legal battles helped interpret

但多年來，一波波的行動主義和一連串的法律戰役幫助解釋了

the Civil Rights Act to include protections for LGBTQ Americans.

《民權法》，納入對美國男女同志、雙性戀和變性者的保護。

And it all came down to the word sex and what it means to discriminate on that basis.

而這一切都歸結於 "性 "字，以及在此基礎上的歧視意味著什麼。

It's been a way for us to obtain protections through litigation that we have not been able

這是我們通過訴訟獲得保護的一種方式，而我們一直沒有能夠

to obtain explicitly through congressional action.

通過國會行動明確獲得。

This is Sasha Buchert, she s a senior attorney at Lamda Legal, which litigates sex discrimination

這是Sasha Buchert，她是Lamda法律公司的高級律師，該公司負責性別歧視訴訟。

cases for the LGBTQ community. The pivotal case would be Pricewaterhouse

LGBTQ群體的案件。關鍵的案例是普華永道。

v. Hopkins. The Supreme Court ruled on it in 1989, and

訴霍普金斯案。最高法院於1989年對此作出了裁決，並。

it helped expand the definition of sex discrimination It involved a woman named Ann Hopkins who

它幫助擴大了性別歧視的定義，它涉及到一個叫安-霍普金斯的女人。

worked at an accounting firm and who, by all accounts was highly successful.

在一家會計事務所工作，而且從各方面來看，他都非常成功。

Ann was competing against 87 male applicants for a promotion to partner. And someone from

安在與87名男性申請者競爭晉升為合夥人。而有人從

the hiring committee told her how she might get the job:

招聘委員會告訴她如何獲得這份工作。

To dress more femininely, get her hair styled, wear jewelry, and there were other folks who

要穿得更有女人味，把她的頭髮做個造型，戴上首飾，也有其他的人

were throwing around words that she was know, quote, macho .

拋出的話，她是知道的，報價，大男子主義。

She was rejected for partnership twice, so Hopkins sued her company, using the sex discrimination

她兩次被拒絕入夥，於是霍普金斯起訴了她的公司，用性別歧視

clause in the Civil Rights Act. And she won, which expanded the kind of discrimination

民權法案中的條款。她贏了，這擴大了歧視的種類。

that Title VII can protect against, based on something called sex stereotyping.

《第七章》可以保護人們免受基於所謂性別陳規定型觀念的傷害。

The court ruled that "an employer who acts on the basis of a belief that a woman cannot

法院裁定，"僱主如果認為婦女不能：

be aggressive, or that she must not be, has acted on the basis of gender."

侵略性，或不得侵略性，是基於性別的行為"。

And in 2004, another court ruling expanded this logic even further, to explicitly protect

而在2004年，另一個法院的裁決進一步擴大了這一邏輯，明確保護了

a trans person. The Smith decision involved a firefighter

一個變性人。史密斯案的裁決涉及一名消防員

in Salem, Ohio, who came out and had a pretty stellar record. She began her gender transition,

在俄亥俄州塞勒姆市，她出櫃後有一個相當出色的記錄。她開始了她的性別轉換。

meaning that she was born male and was transitioning to live in accordance with her female gender

意思是說，她生來就是男性，正在過渡到按照女性的性別生活。

identity. Ms. Smith sued her employer for sex discrimination

身份。史密斯女士以性別歧視為由起訴其僱主。

when she found out she would be fired, And she won, based on the argument that discrimination

當她發現自己會被炒魷魚時，她贏了，她的理由是歧視。

against someone who doesn t identify with his or her gender is no different from the

對一個人誰不認同他或她的性別是沒有什麼不同的

discrimination directed against Ann Hopkins who, in sex-stereotypical terms, did not act

對安-霍普金斯的歧視，因為她在性別陳規定型方面並沒有採取任何行動；

like a woman. So that was a significant victory, especially

像個女人。所以這是一個重大的勝利，尤其是

at the time. I think it's important to remember the courage

當時。我認為重要的是要記住勇氣。

of someone to take that step in the early 80 s in a firefighting outfit.

80年代初有人穿著消防服邁出這一步的。

These cases have helped protect countless members of the LGBTQ community who have had

這些案件幫助保護了無數LGBTQ社區的成員，這些成員都曾遭受過傷害。

to fight these legal battles in the absence of a federal law that grants them protections.

在沒有聯邦法律給予他們保護的情況下，打這些法律仗。

There's no substitute for those explicit protections. You know, I lived in California and I lived

這些明確的保護措施是無法替代的。你知道，我住在加州，我住在。

in Oregon. And, you know, there's just no ambiguity about the fact that trans people

在俄勒岡州。而且，你知道，有 只是沒有含糊不清的事實 關於跨性別的人，

are protected under the law in those states and that's the way it should be federally.

受這些州的法律保護，這也是聯邦政府應該做的。

Oregon and California are two of the 27 states that have their own non-discrimination laws

俄勒岡州和加利福尼亞州是27個有自己的非歧視法律的州中的兩個。

based on gender identity or sexual orientation. One state only has sexual orientation protection.

基於性別認同或性取向的保護。有一個州只有性取向保護。

22 states don t offer any protections at all. That ambiguity makes the position of the White

22個州根本不提供任何保護。這種模稜兩可的情況使得白宮的立場變得更加模糊。

House on this issue really important. Starting in 2014, the Obama administration

眾議院在這個問題上真的很重要。從2014年開始，奧巴馬政府

signed executive orders to reflect how sex discrimination was being interpreted in the

簽署了行政命令，以反映出如何解釋性別歧視。

courts. And those rules impacted all these federal agencies.

法院。而這些規則影響了所有這些聯邦機構。

For example, the Department of Justice wrote that the best reading of Title VII s prohibition

例如，司法部寫道，最好的解讀是Title VII的禁止。

of sex discrimination is that it encompasses discrimination based on gender identity, including

性別歧視的定義是，它包括基於性別認同的歧視，包括；

transgender status. The Department of Defense said that transgender

變性人身份。國防部表示，變性人

individuals shall be allowed to serve in the military."

個人應被允許在軍隊中服役"。

And the Department of Education issued a letter that said schools that receive federal funding

而教育部發文稱，接受聯邦資助的學校。

should allow students to use the bathroom that aligns with their gender identity.

應允許學生使用符合其性別認同的衛生間。

But in 2017, when President Trump took office, his administration reversed all those rules,

但在2017年，當特朗普總統上任後，他的政府推翻了所有這些規則。

explicitly saying that discrimination does not encompass gender identity.

明確指出歧視不包括性別認同，

Meaning "sex" is limited to biological sex determined at birth.

意思是 "性 "僅限於出生時確定的生理性別。

And that contradicts how the courts have evolved over the past 50 years.

而這與法院在過去50年的發展歷程相矛盾。

If you're gonna just decide to take steps like that without complying with the rule

如果你不遵守規則就決定採取這樣的措施的話

of law, that's really dangerous for our democracy. Then in 2020 came another Supreme Court case

的法律，這對我們的民主來說真的很危險。然後在2020年，最高法院又來了一個案子

that made the courts interpretation even clearer. A major Civil Rights decision out of the United

這使法院的解釋更加明確。美國的一項重要民權裁決。

States Supreme Court. The biggest opinion for gay rights in this

州最高法院。中對同志權利的最大意見。

country since 2015 when of course same sex marriage was legalized.

自2015年同性婚姻當然合法化後，國家。

The case involved a juvenile court employee in Clayton County, Georgia, a state that doesn

該案涉及佐治亞州克萊頓縣的一名少年法庭工作人員，該州不。

t offer LGBTQ discrimination protections. It was my dream job doing what I loved and

不提供LGBTQ歧視保護。這是我夢寐以求的工作，做我喜歡的事情，而且... ...

making a difference on the lives of children that came through the system. Then one day,

做出改變的孩子的生活 通過系統。然後有一天

after 10 years of employment, I decided to join a gay recreational softball.

工作10年後，我決定加入一個同志娛樂壘球。

Gerald had posted about the softball league at work.

傑拉爾德曾發過關於工作中的壘球聯賽。

And within six months of making that decision, I lost my job. I lost my job because I'm gay.

在做出這個決定的六個月內，我失去了我的工作。我失去了工作，因為我是同志。

I was devastated. You know, I lost my income. I'd lost my medical insurance. And that was

我被摧毀了。你知道，我失去了我的收入。我失去了我的醫療保險。而這是

a time when I was still recovering from prostate cancer. So it was a very difficult time.

當時我還在從前列腺癌中恢復。所以那是一段非常艱難的時期。

A man who says he was fired from his job because he s gay takes his case to the US Supreme

一個男人說他被解僱了，因為他是同志，他的案件在美國最高法院。

Court tomorrow. As I started seeing it on on television

明天的法庭。當我開始在電視上看到它

The Supreme Court has ruled that LGBT Americans are protected by the anti discrimination laws.

最高法院裁定，美國LGBT受到反歧視法的保護。

My heart stopped for a moment. I was just elated.

我的心一下子停了下來。我只是欣喜若狂。

A landmark ruling for gay and transgender workers.

對同志和變性工作者作出了具有里程碑意義的裁決。

The LGBTQ+ community celebrated outside the Supreme Court today.

LGBTQ+社區今天在最高法院外慶祝。

It opens a door for all kinds of lawsuits against discrimination.

它為各種反歧視的訴訟打開了一扇門。

This decision made the courts' logic on LGTBQ protections explicit: sex discrimination includes

這一判決使法院關於LGTBQ保護的邏輯變得清晰：性別歧視包括：1.

discrimination for sexual orientation, too. The legal fight for LGBTQ people to be protected

性取向的歧視，也。為保護男女同志、雙性戀和變性者而進行的法律鬥爭。

from sex discrimination took half a century in the courts.

在法庭上花了半個世紀的時間來解決性別歧視問題。

But whether the White House acknowledges that evolution will depend on the outcome of the

但白宮是否承認進化論，將取決於結果。

2020 election. It does send a message, you know, to the people

2020年的選舉。它確實發出了一個消息，你知道，對人民的

in the community that they're not protected and invites people to discriminate and just

在社會上，他們不受保護，並邀請人們歧視，只是。

creates a hostile environment for our communities. Joe Biden has given every indication he plans

為我們的社區創造了一個敵對的環境。喬-拜登已經給出了所有跡象表明他計劃

to reverse Trump s rules, on his campaign site, and in town halls.

以扭轉特朗普的規則，在他的競選網站和市政廳。

How will you as president reverse this dangerous and discriminatory agenda and ensure that

作為總統，您將如何扭轉這一危險和歧視性的議程，並確保。

the lives and rights of LGBTQ people are protected under US law?

LGBTQ人群的生活和權利受到美國法律的保護？

I would flat out just change the law, I would eliminate those executive orders.

我會平鋪直敘地修改法律，我會取消那些行政命令。

That change would acknowledge what the courts have decided that the "the definition of discrimination

這種改變將承認法院所決定的 "歧視的定義"。

based on sex should include the LGBTQ community" instead of leaving them to continue their

群體"，而不是任由他們繼續從事他們的工作。

fight.

鬥。