Name: 繪製世界最高峰的地圖｜國家地理頻道 (Mapping the Highest Peak in the World | National Geographic)
Uploaded: 2020-10-28T18:56:15.000Z
Duration: 7 min 55 s

The big questions this expedition is answering is how climate change is happening in the high mountain regions.

這次考察要回答的大問題是高山地區的氣候變化是如何發生的。

Can you maps are critical tool for being able to measure the changes in the glacial extent way came over the crest of the hill and took a look at his camp the first time.

你能不能地圖是能夠測量冰川範圍變化的關鍵工具方式來到了山峰上，第一次看了一下他的營地。

I was like, Oh, my God, I can't believe we're gonna be trying to map there.

我當時想，哦，我的上帝，我不能相信 我們要去嘗試映射有。

Yeah, Mount Everest has been on the map since the mid 19th century, but it wasn't until about the 19 twenties when the British first started sending expeditions to the north side of Mount Everest through Tibet that we got large scale detailed mapping.

是的，珠穆朗瑪峰從19世紀中葉就已經出現在地圖上了，但直到19世紀20年代，英國人第一次開始派探險隊通過西藏到珠穆朗瑪峰的北側，我們才有了大規模的詳細測繪。

They were doing all their serving using photographs and telescopic instruments to tie things together on a topographic map.

他們做的所有服務都是用照片和望遠鏡儀器把東西串聯在地形圖上。

The transition from maps as paper products, thio maps as digital products has changed the way we work with geographic data.

從作為紙質產品的地圖，到作為數字產品的地圖的過渡，改變了我們處理地理數據的方式。

We're going to reconstruct how the glaciers have changed with the increased warming of the climate in this part of the world.

我們要重建冰川是如何隨著氣候變暖的加劇而變化的，在世界的這個地方。

So at this angle, are we gonna have correct?

所以在這個角度，我們會有正確的嗎？

That's big one of the Minneapolis, which is every day.

這是大的一個明尼阿波利斯，這是每天。

True, people understand Everest as this big, beautiful mountain with a huge glacier running down it.

誠然，人們對珠峰的理解是這座美麗的大山，有一條巨大的冰川流淌下來。

If that glacier is gone, that's something that can't be brought back As the glaciers melt, there's an initial increase in the amount of water available and then eventually a decrease in the amount of water available to the rivers that come out of High Mountain Asia.

如果冰川消失了，那就無法再恢復了 隨著冰川的融化，最初可利用的水量會增加，最後會減少從高山亞洲流出的河流的水量。

Hundreds of millions of people are gonna be affected downstream the Khumbu Glacier, the highest pleasure in the world, which starts at about 80 m on Mount Everest and what's called the accumulation zone.

數以億計的人將會受到昆布冰川下游的影響，昆布冰川是世界上最高的樂趣，它從珠穆朗瑪峰上約80米處開始，被稱為積聚區。

It's where all the snow falls and starts compressing into ice and flowing downhill base camp.

所有的雪都是在這裡落下，並開始壓縮成冰塊，流向山下大本營。

It's a launching point for expeditions and climbers that are intending to summit Mt.

這裡是打算登頂廬山的探險隊和登山者的出發點。

We wanted to map the full extent of that to capture the physical information, but also to better understand how climate is modifying the glacier.

我們想繪製完整的範圍，以捕捉物理資訊，同時也想更好地瞭解氣候是如何改變冰川的。

The work that Chris and I are doing here at base camp will be the most detailed map of the Khumbu Glacier that's ever been put together through the equipment that Chris and I are using is a very recently developed terrestrial based slide.

克里斯和我在大本營所做的工作 將是有史以來最詳細的昆布冰川地圖 通過克里斯和我所使用的設備 是最近開發的基於地面的幻燈片

Our system, we're combining that with our helicopter based a lot are scanning using ah, very advanced device from virtual wonders are partners on the helicopter scan.

我們的系統，我們把它和我們的直升機結合起來，很多都是用掃描啊，非常先進的設備，從虛擬奇蹟的合作伙伴在直升機上掃描。

The tools that we use for the terrestrial mapping are really threefold.

我們用於陸地測繪的工具其實有三個方面。

We're using lidar, which is a laser scanning tool.

我們使用的是激光雷達，這是一種脈衝光掃描工具。

It shoots out two million points per second, taking individual measurements in a 360 degrees fear and measures everything that it can see.

它每秒射出200萬個點，在360度的恐懼中進行單獨測量，並測量它能看到的一切。

If you do that enough places you build an overall topographical model of whatever it is you're scanning.

如果你做了足夠多的地方，你會建立一個整體的地形模型，不管你掃描的是什麼。

Base camp is about three kilometers from one end to the other and a couple 100 m wide took us many stations to be able to collect all the data that we needed for all the tent areas and the glacial areas that air used for base camp.

大本營從一端到另一端大約有三公里，幾百米寬的地方花了我們很多站，能夠收集所有帳篷區和空氣用於大本營的冰川區所需的所有數據。

Once you create a three D model, you then need to what's called skin the model with very detailed imagery.

一旦你創建了一個三D模型，那麼你就需要用非常詳細的影像給模型做所謂的皮膚。

We're gonna take high resolution images to paste onto those measurements that the laser scanning provides.

我們要拍攝高分辨率的影像，貼在脈衝光掃描提供的測量數據上。

So right now I'm taking three frames at a time to stop exposure bracket.

所以現在我一次拍三幀，停止曝光括號。

We have bright, bright snow and really dark shadows way need to be able to capture all of that information if we were to lose highlights or lose shadows when we're building that environment that the model is gonna go into, we just don't have that data were never capturing it again.

我們有明亮的，明亮的雪和真正的黑暗陰影的方式需要能夠捕捉所有的資訊，如果我們失去高光或失去陰影，當我們建立的環境，模型是要去，我們只是沒有這些數據，永遠不會再捕捉它。

All right, so we're doing our first overview pass with drone.

好了，我們正在用無人機做第一次概述。

So flying at about 50 m, it'll fill any gaps that we might miss with a light are and with ground based photographic work, this is a really difficult environment.

所以，在50米左右的高度飛行，它可以填補我們可能錯過的任何一個光是和地面攝影工作的空白，這是一個非常困難的環境。

Drones really help us give the overall perspective on every space camp.

無人機確實能幫助我們對每一個空間陣營有一個整體的認識。

And the last thing that we're doing is taking a helicopter and attaching the light, our system and a video camera and flying it up and down the Khumbu integrated pattern so that they can create a map of a much greater scale.

最後我們要做的是用一架直升機，把燈光、我們的系統和攝影機連接起來，在昆布綜合格局上飛來飛去，這樣他們就能繪製出一幅規模更大的地圖。

The combination on the helicopter of the very advanced lied are and the photo Graham a tree will allow us to provide very detailed imagery on the surface of the model.

直升機上非常先進的謊言和照片格雷厄姆一棵樹的組合將使我們能夠提供非常詳細的模型表面的影像。

Once we're back in the lab, we can see all the different light our data collected.

一旦我們回到實驗室，我們可以看到所有不同的光我們的數據收集。

In one view, we've done a very, very detailed map of the Khumbu Glacier.

在一個視圖中，我們已經做了一個非常非常詳細的昆布冰川的地圖。

The entirety of what you're seeing here is computer generated.

你在這裡看到的全部都是電腦生成的。

Once you get the full resolution of photography, it's gonna be a virtual reality experience as if you were there looking at the tents at base camp.

一旦你得到了攝影的完整分辨率，這將是一個虛擬現實的體驗，就像你在那裡看大本營的帳篷。

So if we take our three d model weaken, dive into it and start looking Atmore and more of the detail that's captured by the point cloud, What we're gonna be able to do is take this data and reconstruct how the glaciers have changed.

如果我們利用三維模型，深入研究，並開始觀察點雲所捕捉到的更多細節，我們就能利用這些數據，重建冰川的變化。

One of the things that you could notice the Khumbu Glacier has receded.

其中，你可以注意到昆布冰川已經退去。

It's probably dropped tens of meters in its elevation.

So its head of ice loss that's really pronounced for such a short time period.

所以它的冰頭損失，在這麼短的時間內，真的很明顯。

This is a global issue that's gonna have global ramifications.

這是一個全球性的問題，會有全球性的影響。

Every person in the world will be affected by this.

世界上的每一個人都會受到影響。

 One of the goals is to not just generate new science, but have the chance to build on the legacy of mapping this area, to instill in people how important climate changes and to start working on addressing it now for a successful future. 

其中一個目標是，不僅要產生新的科學，而且要有機會在這一領域測繪的遺產基礎上再接再厲，向人們灌輸氣候變化的重要性，並開始為成功的未來現在就著手解決它。