I went over the rules. But not how Americans  actually say these words in sentences. Don't  

我講了一遍規則。但不是美國人在句子中到底怎麼說這些詞。句子中的這些詞是怎麼說的

make the same mistake I made. There are rules but  when it comes to accent training, you need to know  

重蹈我的覆轍。規矩是有的，但說到口音訓練，你要知道。

how Americans actually pronounce these ED endings  in various situations, in various sentences.  

美國人在不同的情況下，在不同的句子中，如何實際發音這些ED的尾音。

Sometimes the ED ending is completely dropped. So  there's a good chance you're over pronouncing the  

有時候，ED的結局是完全放棄的。所以很有可能是你發音過重。

ends of these words. With this fix, you'll sound  more natural and understand Americans better. And  

這些詞的結尾。有了這個固定的方法，你會聽起來更自然，更能理解美國人。而且

you'll have an easier time speaking english.  We're going to go to youglish and look through  

你會有一個更容易的時間 說英語。 我們要去YOUGLISH，並通過看

tons of examples together, so you know you're  getting what native speakers actually do.  

大量的例子在一起，所以你知道你得到的是母語人士實際做的事情。

As always, if you like this video,  or you learned something new,  

和往常一樣，如果你喜歡這個視頻，或者你學到了新的東西。

please give it a thumbs up and subscribe with  notifications, it helps a lot. Thank you so much.

請豎起大拇指，用通知訂閱，幫助很大。謝謝你的幫助。

There are very few rules in American English  pronunciation that don't have a lot of exceptions.  

美式英語發音中很少有規則，沒有很多例外。

But there are actually some useful rules when  it comes to ED endings. We'll go over these,  

但其實在ED結局的時候，也有一些有用的規則。我們就來介紹一下這些。

but first, I just want to point out that a  lot of the most common verbs are irregular,  

但首先，我只想指出，很多最常見的動詞都是不規則的。

which means the past tense doesn't add an ED. I  do becomes I did, I go becomes I went, and so on.

也就是過去式不加ED。I do變成I did，I go變成I went，以此類推。

If you're at this level of english, you already  know a lot of these. And you probably learned  

如果你的英語水平達到這個程度，你已經知道很多這些了。而且你可能學會了

something wrong about the regular past  tense, the pronunciation of ED endings.

常規的過去時，ED尾音的發音有問題。

There are three rules. The first one is: if the  sound before the ED ending is unvoiced, then the  

有三個規則。第一條是：如果ED結尾前的聲音是無聲的，那麼在

EDending becomes a T. Worked, for example. The  K sound is unvoiced. Kk-- that means only air  

比如EDending變成了T.Worked。K音是不發聲的。Kk--那就意味著只有空氣

makes the sound, not a vibration of the vocal  cords, kk--. So for an unvoicED ending the ED is  

發出聲音，而不是聲帶的振動，kk--。所以對於一個無聲的結尾來說，ED是。

also unvoiced, tt-- tt-- the T sound is unvoiced.  Worked. Worked. You probably learned that. Worked.  

也是無聲的，tt--tt--T音是無聲的。 工作了工作。你可能學會了。工作。

And you learned that pronunciation with that true  T. Okay, let's go to Youglish where we can hear  

你學會了那個真正的 "T "的發音 好了，讓我們到Youglish去，在那裡我們可以聽到

some Americans saying this word, worked, with that  tt-- T sound following the rules of pronunciation. 

一些美國人在說這個詞的時候，工作了，用那個tt--T的音按照發音規則。

We're going to do a search on the phrase  'worked for', worked for, in American English.

我們要對美式英語中的'working for'，working for這個詞進行搜索。

So then one of the two adults  who worked for the program said-- 

於是，兩個為項目工作的成年人中的一個說... ...。

Worked for the program. Wait, I didn't hear  that. Did you? I didn't hear worked for the  

為這個項目工作等等，我沒聽到。你聽到了嗎？我沒有聽到工作的

program. I didn't hear that T: ttt--- I heard  work for the program. Let's listen again. 

程序。我沒聽到T：ttt----我聽到的是節目的工作。我們再聽一遍。

Let's try it in slow motion. If we  slow it down here, do we hear the T? 

我們用慢動作試試如果我們在這裡放慢速度，我們能聽到T嗎？

Two adults who work for the program said-- Work for the, work for the, work for the.

兩位為項目工作的大人說--為工作而工作，為工作而工作。

There's no T, it sounds like the present tense  work for. I work for them. But it's past tense,  

沒有T，聽起來像是現在時態的工作。我是為他們工作的。但這是過去式。

and we know that because she's telling a story  about something that happened to her in the past.

我們知道這一點，因為她講的故事 關於發生在她過去的事情。

All right, well, let's listen to another  one. Are we hearing the T in worked?

好吧，好吧，讓我們聽聽另一個。我們聽到的是T在工作嗎？

My dad worked.

我爸爸工作。

Okay, there he said: worked. Let's  listen to that in a full sentence.

好，他說的是：起作用了。讓我們聽一聽這句話的完整內容。

You know, he worked for Chrysler--

他在克萊斯勒工作...

Oh no! When he put the word in the  sentence, he dropped the T again.  

哦，不！當他把這個詞放在句子裡的時候，他又把T掉了。

What's going on? Well, in American  English, it's pretty common to drop a T  

怎麼了？在美式英語中 掉個T是很常見的事

when it comes between two consonants. This  happens for example in the word exactly.  

當它出現在兩個輔音之間時。例如，在 "究竟 "一詞中就會出現這種情況。

Most Americans won't say that T. Exactly.  They'll say: exactly, dropping the T sound.

大多數美國人不會說那個T，沒錯。 他們會說：確切地說，去掉T音。

Or on the phrase: just because, most Americans  will drop that T because it comes between two  

或者在這句話上：只是因為，大多數美國人都會放棄那個T，因為它在兩個

consonants. And we'll say: just because--  jus be-- right from the S to the B with no T.

輔音。我們會說：只是因為... ... jus b...

So this can happen with these  ED endings. As we go through  

所以這些ED的結局也會出現這種情況。當我們通過

all the rules for ED endings in this video,  we're going to look at not just the rules,  

ED結局的所有規則在這個視頻中，我們要看的不僅僅是規則。

but what actually happens when Americans speak.  So you're getting effective accent training.

但美國人說話時實際發生了什麼。 所以你要進行有效的口音訓練。

So rule one was: unvoiced ending,  ED is pronounced like a t. Tt--

所以規則一是：無聲結尾，ED的發音像t，Tt--。

Rule two: if the ending of the  word in the infinitive is voiced,  

規則二：如果不定式中的詞尾是有聲的。

the ED ending will also be voiced, which is a D.

ED結局也會有聲音，這是一個D。

Let's go to Youglish to find some examples.  We'll look at the phrase: opened the--

我們去優衣庫找一些例子。 我們來看看這句話：打開了... ...

Oh no, it happened again. Opened the door--  became open the door, with no D sound,  

哦不，又發生了。開門--變成了開門，沒有D音。

even though it was in the past  tense, even though in english,  

儘管是過去式，儘管是英語。

it would absolutely be written with that  ED ending. Let's listen in slow motion.

絕對會寫成那個ED的結局。讓我們用慢動作來聽。

Nope. No d. We'll talk more about this  D later but, for now, let's go and look  

不，沒有D。我們稍後再談這個D 但現在，讓我們去看看。

at the third rule for ED endings. If the  final sound is D or T, the ED ending adds  

在ED結尾的第三條規則。如果最後的音是D或T，ED結尾就會加上

not just an extra sound like ttt or ddd, but an  extra syllable. You can think of this as being IH  

不僅僅是一個額外的音，比如ttt或ddd，而是一個額外的音節。你可以認為這是IH

as in sit or schwa plus D. And it's  said very quickly, it's unstressed.

如坐或分音加D，而且說得很快，是不緊張的。

So need becomes needed. That last syllable,  

所以，需要變成了需要。最後一個音節。

always unstressed, said quickly.  Needed, ded ded ded. Needed.

始終不緊張，說得很快。 需要的，獻上獻上。需要的，需要的。

So we're learning these three rules. Worked,  opened, and needed. And we're also learning  

所以我們要學習這三個規則。工作了，打開了，需要了。而我們也在學習

how these endings might change when part of a  sentence. Let's go into more detail about rule  

當這些結尾成為一個句子的一部分時，這些結尾如何變化。讓我們來詳細瞭解一下規則

one. ED is T after an unvoiced sound. These are  all of the unvoiced sounds in American English.  

一。ED是T在不發聲的音後。這些都是美式英語中的不發聲音。

But we've already said that T goes with rule  three. Also there are no words that end in the H  

但我們已經說過，T與規則三的搭配。同時也沒有以H結尾的詞。

sound. Plenty of words that end in the letter  but none that end in the sound that I know of,  

音。以字母結尾的單詞很多，但據我所知，沒有一個以音結尾的。

so for our ending sound for rule one, we  have: ch-- ff-- kk-- pp-- ss-- sh-- and th--

所以對於規則一的結尾音，我們有： ch... ff... kk... pp... ss...

For all of the words in this category, if the  ED word is at the end of the sentence, you will  

對於這一類的詞，如果ED詞在句子的末尾，你就會有

pronounce that T. How did you get there? I walked.  Walked. With a light release of the T sound. For  

你是怎麼到那裡的？我走路去的 走著去的輕輕的釋放T的聲音。對於

all of the words in this category, if the ED word  is linking into a word that begins with a vowel  

這一類中的所有單詞，如果ED單詞連接到一個以元音開頭的單詞中的話

or diphthong, you will lightly release the T into  that word, connecting the two words, for example,  

或雙音，你會輕輕地把T放進那個字裡，把兩個字連接起來，比如。

walked a lot, walked a lot, walked a--  tuh tuh tuh. The T linking into the schwa.

走了很多，走了很多，走了------嘟嘟嘟。T連接到schwa。

But if the next begins with a consonant,  many times, a native speaker will drop  

但如果下一個音是以輔音開頭的，很多時候，母語人士就會放棄掉

the T sound. Let's look at each of the  possibilities. We'll start with the CH  

的T音。讓我們看看每一種可能性。我們先看CH

like in the word watched, in the phrase:  I watched the best movie last night.  

像在watched這個詞中，在一句話中：我昨晚看了最好的電影。

I watched the best-- watch the best--  I watched the best movie last night.

我看了最好的--看了最好的--我昨晚看了最好的電影。

Now let's play me saying that phrase in slow  motion, you won't hear a T: I watched the best  

現在讓我們用慢動作播放我說這句話，你不會聽到T：我看了最好的

movie last night. To fully pronounce the  T, it would sound like this: watched the,  

昨晚的電影。如果要完整地讀出T的發音，應該是這樣的：看了。

watched the. I watched the best movie last  night. I watched the best movie last night.  

看了。我看了最好的電影昨晚。我看了最好的電影，昨晚。

And that's just not as natural as: I watched  the best movie last night. Dropping the T.

而這只是不如自然。我昨晚看了最好的電影丟掉T。

Now, do you have to drop the T? Will every  American always drop the T between two consonants?  

現在，你一定要去掉T嗎？每個美國人都會在兩個輔音之間掉T嗎？

No. I'm sorry. This is one of the things  where sometimes Americans will do it,  

不，我很抱歉。這也是美國人有時會做的事情之一。

and sometimes they won't, but just  knowing about it is going to help you  

有時他們不會，但只要知道它是會幫助你的

understand what's happening in  American English conversation.

理解美式英語對話中發生的事情。

And you're going to hear a lot of examples  in this video that will help you feel more  

在這個視頻中，你會聽到很多例子，這將幫助你感到更多的

comfortable dropping the T in these ED ending  words so that you can sound more natural too.

在這些ED結尾詞中自如地去掉T，這樣也能讓你聽起來更自然。

We're going to go to youglish and we're going  to listen to two people saying the phrase:  

我們要去Youglish，我們要聽兩個人說這句話。

watch the-- the, the first time, you'll  hear a T dropped, no T at all, and then not.

看... 第一次，你會聽到一個T掉了，沒有T，然後不。

Watched the original-- I didn't hear a  T there. Let's listen in slow motion.

看了原版... ... 我沒有聽到一個T。讓我們用慢動作來聽。

Okay, no T. Here's an example though where  there's a clear T in the phrase 'watched the'.

好吧，沒有T，不過這裡有一個例子，'看了'這句話裡有明顯的T。

Watched the-- so this one can go either  way. The thing you don't want to do is  

我看了... 所以這個人可以選擇任何一種方式。你不希望做的事情是：

drop the T but then not connect it to the  next word, you do want to connect them.   

丟掉T，但又不把它和下一個字連接起來，你確實想把它們連接起來。

You can only get by with dropping that T if you  connect. But even when we say this T, remember,  

只有連接好了，你才能過掉這個T。但即使我們說這個T，也要記住。

it's not tt-- watched. It's got less energy than  that. Watched ttt--- watched the-- a very light T.

它不是Tt -- 看著。它的能量比這還小。看了tt---看了---一個很輕的t。

Next, the unvoiced sound f. Let's link it into  a vowel. Stuffed a-- stuffed a-- stuffed a-- 

接下來是不發聲的f，我們把它連成元音。填充a... 填充a... 填充a... 填充a...

Light true T connecting. Let's look at stuffed  the-- where the next sound is a consonant. I  

光真T連接。我們來看看塞入的the--------其中下一個音是輔音。I

stuffed the blanket into the bag. Stuffed the-- I  went to Youglish and I heard both pronunciations,  

把毯子塞進袋子裡塞進... 我去看了Youglish，聽到了兩種發音。

with the light T release and then also dropped.  Let's listen to some. Here, it's dropped.

與輕T發佈，然後也掉了。 我們來聽一些。在這裡，它的下降。

And here it is lightly pronounced.

而在這裡，它的發音很輕。

I'm not sure uh if you guys stuffed  the box. Stuffed the-- stuffed the--

我不知道呃，如果你們塞滿了盒子。塞滿... 塞滿...

The k sound, like in kicked, I  kicked it, linking into a vowel,  

k音，就像kicked中的k，我踢了它，連成一個元音。

we do a light T release. Kicked it-- ttt--- when  the next sound is a consonant like kicked the--  

我們做一個輕的T釋放。踢了... ... ttt... 當下一個音是輔音，比如踢了...

I kicked the ball. This can go either  way. Here's an example where it's dropped.

我踢了球這可以有兩種情況。這裡有一個例子，它的下降。

And here's one where it's not dropped.

這裡還有一個沒掉的地方。

But I want to say I listened to about 50 samples  on Youglish of 'kicked the' and I only found one  

但我想說的是，我在Youglish上聽了大約50個 "kicked the "的樣本，我只發現了一個。

or two where the T was pronounced. Also in these  samples, I found a lot of them were in the phrase:  

或兩個發音為T的地方。另外在這些樣本中，我發現很多都是在短語中。

kick the can down the road. This is an  idiom that means to deal with a problem, or  

踢皮球這個成語的意思是指處理問題，或

make a decision later. For example, let's say my  car broke down, it's an old car and I probably  

以後再做決定。舉個例子，比如說我的車壞了，這是一輛舊車，我可能會

need to buy a new one, but I don't know what  to get, and I don't have a lot of money, so  

需要買一個新的，但我不知道該買什麼，而且我也沒有很多錢，所以。

I kicked a can down the road and just got  this one fixed. I know eventually, I'll have  

我踢了一腳，剛把這個修好。我知道最終，我將有

to face the problem and replace the car but for  now, I'm going to kick the can down the road.

來面對問題和換車，但現在，我打算把罐子踢下去。

Next, P, like in the word hoped, hoped, I  hoped it would get better. Hoped it-- ttt--  

接下來，P，就像希望這個詞一樣，希望，我希望它能變得更好。希望它... ... 嘖嘖...

light release of the T, linking into a  vowel. Let's look at 'hoped that'. Now the T  

輕放T，連成元音。我們來看看'希望'。現在T

is between two consonants, and that sound  might get dropped in spoken english. I found  

是在兩個輔音之間，而這個音在英語口語中可能會被丟掉。我發現

quite a few examples of both dropped and  pronounced. Here's one where it's dropped.

不少例子都有掉字和發音的。這裡有一個是掉音的。

And here's one where it's not dropped.

這裡還有一個沒掉的地方。

Sometimes, I sense my students panic  when there are two ways to do something.  

有時候，我感覺到學生在做一件事的時候，有兩種方法，就會很慌張。

Are there cases where it's right and cases  where it's wrong? Not really. Both dropped  

是否有對的情況，也有錯的情況？不見得。兩者都掉了

and pronounced T will work. But my students  don't have to want to make a decision in  

並讀成T就可以了。但我的學生不一定要想在

the moment. Sometimes, that's stressful, so  just pick. In general, you'll pronounce it  

的時刻。有時候，這很有壓力，所以就選。一般來說，你會發

lightly or you won't. I think for a lot of my  students, dropping it makes it a little easier,  

輕輕的，否則你就不會。我想對於我的很多學生來說，丟掉它就會輕鬆一點。

makes linking easier. You'll hear native speakers  do both but you find the one that's right for you.

讓鏈接更容易。你會聽到母語人士同時做這兩種工作，但你要找到適合自己的那一種。

You know, as I think of it there is one more  point we need to discuss for all of these rule  

你知道，在我看來，對於所有這些規則，還有一點我們需要討論。

1 ED endings. When a word ends in a T sound, which  all of these do, and it's followed by you or your,  

1 ED結尾。當一個詞以T音結尾時，這些詞都是這樣的，而且後面是你或你的。

that T can be turned into a ch. For  example, helped you can become helped you,  

那T可以變成ch，比如，幫你可以變成幫你。

helped you. Does that sound familiar? Helped  you. Helped you. Let's listen to an example.

幫助你。聽起來熟悉嗎？幫助你。幫助了你。我們來聽一個例子。

Helped you? Helped you? Ch---  

幫到你了嗎？幫了你？嚓...

So you can hear this ch for any of these words.  For example, missed, which you'll study next,  

所以你可以聽到這個ch的任何一個詞。 比如，錯過，你接下來會學習的。

'missed your' can become: missed your--  missed your-- let's listen to an example.

'錯過了你的'可以變成：錯過了你的--錯過了你的--我們來聽一個例子。

Missed your-- okay, let's look at the S  sound like in the word missed. If the next  

錯過了你的... ... 好吧，讓我們來看看錯過這個詞中的S音。如果下一個

sound is a vowel or diphthong, you'll hear the T,  linking in like in the phrase 'missed it' ttt--

聲音是元音或雙元音，你會聽到T，連接在像短語'錯過了'ttt --

Or if it's at the end of the sentence,  you'll hear the T. You'll be missed,  

或者如果是在句子的最後，你會聽到T，你會被錯過。

missed. But followed by a consonant. Let's  look at the example: missed the-- missed the--

錯過了。但後面是輔音。讓我們看看這個例子：錯過了... ... 錯過了... ...

Now when I just said those two words together,  it was really natural for me to drop that T.  

現在當我剛剛把這兩個字說在一起的時候，我真的很自然地把那個T給丟了。

Missed the-- that's what I want  to do. Missed the-- miss that--

錯過了... ... 這就是我想做的。錯過了... 錯過了...

When I search for 'missed the' on Youglish, almost  all had the dropped T. So it actually just sounds  

當我在優步上搜索 "錯過了 "時，幾乎所有的人都有丟掉的T，所以它實際上只是聽起來。

like the present tense 'missed the'. Let's go  to Younglish, you tell me if you hear the T.

就像現在的時態'錯過了'。我們去看Younglish，你告訴我，如果你聽到T。

Did you hear the T for the  past tense? Listen again.

你聽到過去式的T了嗎？再聽一遍

No it's not there. Dropped T here is so natural.  Now here's one where we will hear the t.

不，它不在那裡。這裡的掉T是如此自然。 現在這裡有一個我們將聽到的T。

In both of these cases, we heard the idiom to  miss the boat. It means to miss your chance to do  

在這兩個案例中，我們都聽到了一個成語叫 "錯失良機"。意思是錯過了做

something, to miss an opportunity. For example, my  mom invited me on a trip, but I took too long to  

的東西，錯過了一個機會。比如，媽媽邀請我去旅遊，但我花了太多時間來

decide if I wanted to go, and she invited someone  else. I missed the boat. I decided I really wanted  

決定我是否要去，她邀請了別人。我錯過了船。我決定我真的想

to go, so I was bummed about it. Sh. Let's use  the word push, followed by a vowel or diphthong,  

要走，所以我很掃興。什、我們用推字，後面是元音或雙音。

you will hear the T linking in: pushed a--  pushed a-- tt--he pushed a kid at school.

你會聽到T連線：推了一個--推了一個--tt--他在學校推了一個孩子。

But followed by a consonant, like in 'pushed  the'. If I say that fast in a sentence,  

但後面是輔音，就像 "推的 "一樣。如果我在句子裡說得那麼快。

he pushed the wrong button, I will probably  drop that T. I just listened to Youglish  

他按錯了按鈕，我可能會放棄那個T，我剛剛聽了優衣庫的節目

and almost everyone there dropped the T in  'pushed the'. Maybe 90%. Here's an example.

幾乎每個人都在那裡放棄了 "推 "的T。也許90%的人都是這樣。這裡有一個例子。

And here's one where he  does say the t. Pushed the.

這裡有一個他確實說了T，推了。

Let's look at the unvoiced TH like in the word  unearthed. If followed by a vowel or diphthong,  

我們來看看像unearthed這個詞中的不發聲TH。如果後面是元音或雙元音。

you'll hear a light T: we unearthed  another clue. Unearthed another, ttt--

你會聽到一聲輕響：我們又發現了一條線索。又發現了一條線索，ttt --

To unearth means to dig something out of the  earth, but it also means to discover something,  

出土的意思是指從土裡挖出東西來，但也有發現東西的意思。

something that had been hidden,  lost or kept secret. For example:  

隱瞞、丟失或祕密的東西。例如：

I unearthed a secret from my father's  past. If followed by a consonant,  

我發現了父親過去的一個祕密。如果後面加個輔音。

it can be dropped. I listened to a lot of examples  and most of the time it was dropped. Here's one.

它可以被放棄。我聽了很多例子，大多數時候是可以放棄的。這裡有一個。

And here's one where it wasn't dropped.

而這裡有一個沒有被掉包的地方。

So my conclusion with ED endings rule one is this:  

所以我對ED結局規則一的結論是這樣的。

when it links into a word that begins with  another consonant, it's most common to drop the T,  

當它連接到一個以另一個輔音開頭的單詞時，最常見的是去掉T。

which then sounds just like the present tense.  But don't worry about that. Everyone will know  

然後聽起來就像現在時。 不過不用擔心這個問題。每個人都會知道

what you mean because of the context. Because  you're speaking about something that happened  

你的意思，因為上下文。因為你說的是發生的事情

in the past. Now, let's have you train with  some of these rule one cases with a dropped T  

在過去。現在，讓你用這些規則一的一些案例進行訓練，用丟掉的T

to make that feel more comfortable. First,  you'll hear a phrase. Then you'll hear just  

讓人感覺更舒服。首先，你會聽到一句話。然後你會聽到

the two word link. Miss my-- miss my-- in slow  motion, two times, repeat the second time. 

兩個字的鏈接。想念我的--想念我的--用慢動作，兩遍，重複第二遍。

It's important not to just learn something but to  actually train it, speak out loud, get used to it.

重要的是，不要只是學習一些東西，而是要真正的訓練它，大聲的說出來，習慣它。

I watched the best movie last night.

我昨晚看了最好的電影。

You know, we went through all the rules for the  ED endings, but we really only got to talk about  

你知道，我們經歷了所有的規則 對於ED的結局， 但我們真的只得到了談論。

rule one in depth. We'll come back at you in  a few weeks with another video on rule two,  

規則一的深度。我們會在幾周後再來給你看另一個規則二的視頻。

and then later with a video on  rule three. We'll go into detail.  

再後面用視頻介紹一下規則三。我們會詳細介紹。

You'll know exactly how these past  tense verbs should be pronounced,  

你就會知道這些過去式動詞應該如何發音了。