- [Narrator] This can be scary, and rightfully so.

- [旁白]這可能是可怕的，理所當然。

Sharks have patrolled the waters for over 400 million years.

鯊魚在這片海域巡邏了4億多年。

And while they are powerful creatures,

雖然他們是強大的生物。

our stories have given them the reputation

膾炙人口

of being vengeful killers.

的復仇殺手。

Hollywood says so.

好萊塢是這麼說的。

- You're gonna need a bigger boat.

- 你需要一艘更大的船

- [Narrator] So does the media.

- [旁白]媒體也是如此。

- [Reporter] A life or death struggle

- 記者】一場生死搏鬥

with one of the ocean's most dangerous predators.

與海洋中最危險的掠食者之一。

- [Narrator] But are sharks really the human hunters?

- 但鯊魚真的是人類的獵手嗎？

- [Announcer] Terror of all men who enter the ocean.

- 所有進入海洋的人都會感到恐懼.

- [Narrator] Or the hunted?

- [旁白]還是獵物？

- [Reporter] Well, it's going to be

- [記者]嗯，這將是...

a beautiful sunny day today.

今天是個晴朗的日子。

You might want to do some of those outdoor activities.

你可能想做一些這樣的戶外活動。

(upbeat surf music)

（歡快的衝浪音樂）

- I think the reason that sharks are feared

- 我想鯊魚之所以被人害怕

by the general public is pretty self-explanatory.

被大眾所接受是很不言而喻的。

(whistle tweeting)

（哨子推特）

They frickin' bite people sometimes.

他們有時會咬人。

- [Narrator] This is Jess Cramp,

- [旁白]這是傑斯-克蘭普。

Nat Geo explorer and founder of Sharks Pacific.

Nat Geo探險家，鯊魚太平洋的創始人。

She also lives near a lot of roosters,

她還住在很多公雞附近。

so you might hear this.

所以你可能會聽到這個。

(rooster crowing)

（公雞叫）

But back to the shark bites.

但回到鯊魚咬人的問題上。

- It's unfortunate that it happens, but it does happen,

- 這很不幸，但確實發生了。

so trying to avoid that fact,

所以想避開這個事實。

I feel like is a bit futile at this stage.

我覺得在這個階段是有點徒勞的。

- [Narrator] These rare bites typically stem

- [旁白]這些罕見的咬傷通常源於...

from curiosity or mistaken identity,

由於好奇心或誤認。

yet how we feel about sharks versus the data,

然而我們如何看待鯊魚與數據。

that's a different story.

這是一個不同的故事。

Like a really different story.

就像一個真正不同的故事。

We think all sharks look like this,

我們認為所有的鯊魚都是這樣的

and do this.

並做到這一點。

But actually.

但實際上。

- Sharks are an incredibly diverse group of fish.

- 鯊魚是一種非常多樣化的魚類。

Some sharks live most of their lives

有些鯊魚一生中的大部分時間都在生活

in a really small radius,

在一個非常小的半徑。

just within a few coral heads,

就在幾個珊瑚頭內。

and others will swim around the planet.

和其他人會在地球上游走。

They range from whale sharks,

它們的範圍從鯨鯊。

which are the largest shark species,

是最大的鯊魚種類。

and they get to be about 40 feet long,

他們得到了約40英尺長。

down to the dwarf lantern shark,

到矮燈籠鯊。

which is about eight inches.

這大約是八英寸。

- [Narrator] That's cool,

- [旁白]這很酷。

but when did they become the bad guys?

但他們什麼時候成了壞人？

Let's ask one of the people

我們來問問其中一個人

behind the International Shark Attack File, George Burgess.

國際鯊魚攻擊檔案的幕後推手，喬治-伯吉斯。

- [George] As long as humans entered the sea

- [喬治]只要人類進入海中。

or floated upon it, the inevitable conflict

或浮在上面的，不可避免的衝突。

between humans and sharks was present.

人類和鯊魚之間存在。

- [Narrator] From the Greeks, Romans, and Spanish explorers,

- [旁白]從希臘人、羅馬人和西班牙探險家那裡，

tales were written about battles with sharks,

記載了與鯊魚戰鬥的故事。

but fast forward to when leisure time became a thing,

但快到閒暇時間成為一種東西的時候。

and Americans started going to beaches.

和美國人開始去海灘。

The shark attacks from those ancient tales,

那些古老故事中的鯊魚攻擊。

they weren't really happening.

他們是不是真的發生。

- [George] It became obvious

- [喬治]這變得很明顯

that shark attack certainly wasn't as common

鯊魚襲擊肯定不是常見的

as people were saying it was.

正如人們所說的那樣。

So the pendulum had swung from one side to the other.

於是，鐘擺從一邊搖到了另一邊。

- [Narrator] And this millionaire was so convinced

- [旁白]而這位百萬富翁是如此的相信

shark attacks weren't a thing, he offered a $500 reward

鯊魚攻擊不是一個東西，他提供了一個500美元的獎勵。

to anyone who could prove him wrong, wild dude.

誰能證明他是錯的，野小子。

As in, would jump into the water

就像，會跳進水裡

with a real shark at parties wild, yeah.

與一個真正的鯊魚 在黨的野生，是的。

Also, many scientists at the time agreed.

而且，當時很多科學家都同意。

Until this happened.

直到這一切發生。

- [George] When 1916 came around,

- [喬治]當1916年到來的時候，

and there was a series of attacks

併發生了一系列的攻擊

that occurred on the New Jersey coastline,

發生在新澤西州海岸線上的。

suddenly the real world slapped everybody across the face.

突然間，現實世界給了大家一個耳光。

(slapping)

（拍打）

- [Narrator] Starting on July 1st

- [旁白]從7月1日開始

and spanning two weeks' time,

並跨越兩個星期的時間。

the coastline of New Jersey

新澤西州海岸線

witnessed five shark attacks resulting in four deaths.

目擊了5次鯊魚襲擊，造成4人死亡。

People were spooked.

人們被嚇壞了。

Locals even attempted to fight back

當地人甚至試圖反擊

by throwing dynamite into the water, seriously.

通過把炸藥扔進水裡，認真。

(upbeat jazzy music)

(歡快的爵士樂)

- [George] Because the New Jersey coastline

- [喬治]因為新澤西州的海岸線

was a popular vacation place for the elite,

是精英們的熱門度假地。

including the president, there was immediate concern

包括總統在內，人們立即關注

and action that we had to get this taken care of

我們必須處理好這一問題，並採取行動

because I got a vacation already planned later this summer.

因為我已經計劃好了今年夏天晚些時候的假期。

- [Narrator] The White House agreed to give federal aid

- [旁白]白宮同意給予聯邦援助。

to "drive away all the ferocious man-eating sharks

以 "驅趕所有凶猛的食人鯊"。

which have been making prey of bathers."

哪些一直在做浴場的獵物"。

Eventually they put the blame

最後，他們把責任

on an eight-foot juvenile great white,

在一個八英尺長的幼年大白。

but by then it was front page news.

但那時它是頭版新聞。

The damage was done.

傷害已經造成了。

While 1916 played its role on sharks' reputation,

而1916年則在鯊魚的聲譽上發揮了它的作用。

it was a fictional story that really did a number.

這是一個虛構的故事，真的做了一個數字。

Yup. You guessed it.

是的，你猜對了。你猜對了

- [George] The book and the movie "Jaws,"

- [喬治]這本書和電影 "大白鯊"。

as in any good cinema or any good book,

就像任何一部好的電影或任何一本好書一樣。

if you can get the reader, the viewer fully immersed,

如果你能讓讀者、觀眾完全沉浸其中。

then you've done your job.

那麼你已經完成了你的工作。

(dramatic music)

咍

- [Narrator] Consider the audience immersed.

- [旁白]考慮到觀眾沉浸其中。

The novel by Peter Benchley spent 44 weeks as a bestseller,

彼得-本茨利的小說花了44周時間成為暢銷書。

and the movie became the largest grossing film at the time.

併成為當時票房最大的電影。

It essentially created the summer blockbuster.

基本上創造了暑期檔的大片。

- [George] People believed every last bit of that was fact,

- [喬治]人們相信每一個最後一點 那是事實。

even though it took great liberties with facts,

儘管它對事實有很大的自由。

some knowingly, and some just because we know more now

有些是明知故犯，有些只是因為我們現在知道得更多了

than what we knew then.

比我們當時所知道的。

- [Narrator] One such belief

- [旁白]這樣一個信念

was that sharks are vengeful human hunters,

是鯊魚是復仇的人類獵人。

which in turn led to a surge

這反過來又導致激增

in humans hunting them.

在人類獵殺他們。

- [George] Shortly after the movie came out,

- [喬治]電影出來後不久。

there was a great influx in shark fishing tournaments

釣鯊比賽大量湧入。

up and down the East coast of the United States.

美國東海岸的上下游。

As a result, shark population began to decline.

是以，鯊魚的數量開始減少。

- [Narrator] Today, scientists estimate

- [旁白]今天，科學家估計

a staggering 100 million sharks are killed every year

每年有驚人的一億條鯊魚被殺。

around the world.

世界各地的。

And to make matters worse, sharks are specially vulnerable

更糟糕的是 鯊魚特別容易受到傷害

because they take longer to mature

因為它們需要更長的時間才能成熟

and typically produce their young at a slower rate.

並且通常以較慢的速度生產幼崽。

- So sharks are in trouble.

- 所以鯊魚有麻煩了。

While habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change

雖然生境破壞、汙染和氣候變化

are definitely problems for sharks,

對鯊魚來說絕對是問題。

our biggest impact is through fisheries.

我們最大的影響是通過漁業。

- [Narrator] Overfishing of sharks is predominantly led

- [旁白]鯊魚的過度捕撈主要是由...

by the demand for their fins, meat, and liver oil,

由於對它們的鰭、肉和肝油的需求。

and the lack of management

和缺乏管理的問題

to ensure shark fisheries are sustainable.

以確保鯊魚漁業的可持續發展。

- The way that we can make the most impact for sharks

- 我們能給鯊魚帶來最大影響的方式。

is actually through working with fishing agencies,

其實是通過與漁業機構合作。

with fishermen, also spatial protections

與漁民的關係，也是空間保護。

on important critical habitat for them

的重要關鍵生境

to try to reduce mortality and create a few more safe havens

儘量降低死亡率，多創造幾個安全的避風港。

where they can actually hang out and repopulate.

在那裡，他們可以真正地流連忘返，重新繁衍。

(soft marimba music)

(輕柔的馬林巴音樂)

- [Narrator] The common narrative of sharks

- [旁白]關於鯊魚的共同敘述。

will likely continue to be on rare attacks, but in reality,

將可能繼續在罕見的攻擊，但實際上。

the species are in need.

種需要。

Even Peter Benchley came to this truth

連彼得-本特利都明白了這個道理

as he later focused his efforts on shark conservation.

因為他後來把工作重點放在鯊魚保護上。

- [Peter] If there's one thing I know for dead certain,

- [彼得]如果有一件事我非常確定：

it's that I couldn't possibly write "Jaws" today.

是我今天不可能寫出《大白鯊》。

I could not turn this beautiful beast into a villain.

我不能把這隻美麗的野獸變成一個小人。

- Shark conservation is not a one size fits all.

- 鯊魚保護不是一刀切。

It's a multipronged problem, but they are fixable,

這是一個多方位的問題，但它們是可以解決的。

and that's the one thing that I think is really important

而這是一件事，我認為是非常重要的。

for people to know

讓人們知道

is that these are problems

是，這些都是問題

that while we may have created them, they are fixable.

雖然我們可能創造了它們，但它們是可以修復的。