We have known for a long time that air pollution kills people.

我們早就知道，空氣汙染會害死人。

We also know that a climate emergency is happening.

我們還知道，氣候緊急情況正在發生。

These are hardly motivating facts to start a conversation,

這些都很難成為引發談話的動機。

but I'm actually here to share good news.

但其實我是來分享好消息的。

For the first time in our lifetimes,

有生之年第一次。

a big detox of transportation is possible,

可以對交通進行大排查。

despite the many problems we have,

儘管我們有很多問題。

or perhaps because of them.

或者也許是因為他們。

The lockdowns of 2020 have been tough,

2020年的鎖定已經很艱難了。

but they also give us a glimpse of life

但它們也讓我們看到了生活的曙光

without the usual noise, congestion and pollution,

沒有一般的噪音、擁堵和汙染。

confronting us with questions about the way we live.

面對我們生活方式的問題。

The tailpipe is a symbol of our worst habits --

尾氣管是我們最壞習慣的象徵... ...

habits that we have normalized for too long:

習慣，我們已經正常化太久了。

the burning of 100 million barrels of oil every 24 hours

每24小時焚燒1億桶石油；

and the extraction behind that oil,

以及該石油背後的開採。

the fumes choking our cities,

煙霧使我們的城市窒息。

the greenhouse gases going up in the atmosphere

溫室氣體在大氣中的上升

and overheating our planet.

並使我們的地球過熱。

None of that is normal,

這些都不正常。

nor is air pollution,

也不是空氣汙染。

which can shorten life expectancy by up to 10 years,

可使預期壽命縮短10年。

depending on where you live.

取決於你住在哪裡。

This is also a matter of environmental justice

這也是一個環境正義的問題

because air pollution hurts everyone,

因為空氣汙染對每個人都有傷害。

but it hurts the poor and minorities disproportionately.

但它對窮人和少數族裔的傷害過大。

The good news is that things are changing.

好消息是，事情正在發生變化。

Take cities.

以城市為例。

First, people around the world are demanding clean air

首先，世界各地的人們都在要求清潔空氣。

and cities are responding

和城市的響應

by banning petrol and diesel cars,

通過禁止汽油和機油汽車。

mostly by 2030 and 2040;

主要是到2030年和2040年。

over 30 cities and regions are already doing this.

30多個城市和地區已經在這樣做。

Second, the city space is going through an overhaul.

二是城市空間正在進行大修。

Too much space was given to cars,

給汽車的空間太大。

and cities are reversing this by blocking traffic from certain streets,

和城市正在通過封鎖某些街道的交通來扭轉這一局面。

by giving the streets back to pedestrians,

通過把街道還給行人。

by making the streets greener and safer,

通過使街道更加綠色和安全。

especially for children.

特別是對兒童而言。

And third, cities are also prioritizing active mobility,

第三，城市也在優先考慮主動流動。

such as biking and walking.

如騎自行車和步行。

And the pandemic accelerated many of these decisions.

而這場大流行加速了許多這樣的決定。

From Barcelona to Bogotá,

從巴塞羅那到波哥大。

cities are opening spaces for bike lanes, for commuters.

城市都在為自行車道開闢空間，為上班族。

Sales of bikes and e-bikes are booming in many places.

在很多地方，自行車和電動自行車的銷售都很火爆。

Paris is pioneering the 15-minute city

巴黎開創了15分鐘城市

to put essentials within a walk or a bike ride,

把必需品放在步行或騎自行車的範圍內。

all within 15 minutes.

都在15分鐘內。

I live in Amsterdam, where a profound transformation is underway.

我住在阿姆斯特丹，那裡正在進行一場深刻的變革。

Amsterdam already promotes biking, public transit, walking.

阿姆斯特丹已經在推廣自行車、公共交通、步行。

So you might be surprised to hear that even in Amsterdam

所以你可能會驚訝地聽到，即使在阿姆斯特丹

there is a problem with air pollution because of road transportation.

由於道路運輸，存在空氣汙染問題。

That is why the city of Amsterdam has a plan

這就是為什麼阿姆斯特丹市有一個計劃

to go emissions-free by 2030.

到2030年實現無排放。

And the plan builds on the idea of an expanding zero-emission zone

而這個計劃是建立在擴大零排放區的基礎上的。

going from the center outwards in three phases.

由中心向外，分三個階段進行。

By 2022, all buses and coaches circulating in the city center must be emissions-free.

到2022年，市中心流通的公車、旅遊車必須全部實現無排放。

By 2025, the zone expands

到2025年，該區擴大

and all public and commercial traffic must be emissions-free.

和所有公共和商業交通必須是無排放的。

Public buses, coaches, taxis, vans,

公共汽車、長途汽車、計程車、貨車。

small, medium and large trucks.

小型、中型和大型卡車。

That also includes mopeds, ferries and boats.

這也包括輕便摩托車、渡輪和船隻。

By 2030, the zone expands further,

到2030年，區域進一步擴大。

and by then all transportation must be emissions-free,

而到那時，所有的交通工具都必須是無排放的。

including personal cars and motorcycles.

包括個人汽車和摩托車。

No more tailpipes.

不再有尾氣管。

And that is just nine years away.

而這僅僅是九年的時間。

Living here and witnessing firsthand

生活在這裡，親眼目睹

how Amsterdam becomes a front-runner of electric mobility

阿姆斯特丹如何成為電動交通的領跑者？

is a powerful reminder

是一個有力的提醒

that the big societal imperative of halving carbon emissions

認識到將碳排放減半是社會的大勢所趨。

by 2030

到2030年

goes beyond nudging people away from personal cars.

超越了勸導人們遠離個人汽車。

The systemic change we need

我們需要的系統性變革

requires that all modes of transportation go emissions-free

要求所有交通方式實現無排放

powered by renewables,

由可再生資源提供動力。

and we have to achieve that while making sure

我們必須實現這一點，同時確保

that our needs are met as citizens and as business.

我們作為公民和企業的需求得到滿足。

And to do this, we need to electrify pretty much everything.

而要做到這一點，我們需要將幾乎所有的東西都電氣化。

Cities cannot do this alone,

城市無法單獨做到這一點。

so we need national governments to play a fundamental role too.

所以我們需要國家政府也發揮基礎性作用。

The European Union, for example,

例如，歐洲聯盟。

has CO2 emission standards for vehicle manufacturers,

為汽車製造商制定了二氧化碳排放標準。

and over a dozen of European countries have set up plans

和十幾個歐洲國家都制定了計劃。

to phase out petrol and diesel cars --

逐步淘汰汽油和柴油車----

France by 2040,

到2040年，法國。

the United Kingdom by 2035.

到2035年，聯合王國。

China and California have mandates

中國和加州有規定

to accelerate the manufacturing of zero-emission models.

以加快製造零排放車型。

California just passed a rule

加州剛剛通過了一項規定

that requires that 50 percent of the sales of trucks in the state

要求該州卡車銷量的50%。

are zero-emissions by 2035

到2035年實現零排放

and all of them must be zero-emission by 2045.

並且到2045年必須全部實現零排放。

This is a game changer for the trucking industry.

這是卡車行業的遊戲規則。

Vehicle manufacturing is shifting towards electrification.

車輛製造正在向電氣化轉變。

Look at some of the milestones,

看看一些里程碑。

which were unthinkable a few years back.

這在幾年前是不可想象的。

Volkswagen has converted a traditional plant

大眾汽車對傳統工廠進行了改造

into one that will produce only electric vehicles.

成只生產電動汽車的。

Daimler is halting all the development of internal combustion engines.

戴姆勒正在停止所有內燃機的研發。

And Tesla is more valuable today than ExxonMobil.

而特斯拉如今比埃克森美孚更有價值。

This year, public charging plugs hit the one million mark

今年，公共充電插頭突破百萬大關

around the world.

世界各地的。

Fleet owners are shifting towards zero-emission models.

車隊車主正在向零排放車型轉變。

Amazon alone has ordered 100,000 electric delivery vans

僅亞馬遜就訂購了10萬輛電動送貨車。

and nearly 90 global companies have joined EV100,

並有近90家全球企業加入EV100。

an international initiative

一項國際倡議

to electrify fleets by 2030 starting now.

從現在開始，到2030年實現車隊電氣化。

These are still small steps

這些仍然是小步驟

compared to the scale of our oil addiction,

與我們的石油上癮規模相比。

but they signal a new direction of travel.

但它們預示著一個新的發展方向。

What's really exciting

什麼是真正令人興奮的

is that the technologies we need for this transformation are here today,

是我們這種轉型所需要的技術今天就在這裡。

commercially available,

商業上的。

getting cheaper and getting better.

越來越便宜，越來越好。

Look at batteries.

看看電池。

Their cost went down 90 percent in 10 years,

他們的成本在10年內下降了90%。

and there are new opportunities to repurpose these batteries

並且有新的機會來重新利用這些電池。

for energy storage

儲能

or to recycle them once they wear down.

或在它們磨損後進行回收。

The race to zero needs capital.

零的競賽需要資本。

So we need more urgency and directionality

所以我們需要更多的緊迫性和方向性

in the financial industry

在金融業

because it is heavily invested in fossil fuels.

因為它大量投資於化石燃料。

To reach scale and speed,

要達到規模和速度。

we will need clever combinations of finance and policy.

我們將需要金融和政策的巧妙結合。

Look at what's going on with electric buses.

看看電動公車是怎麼回事。

China has a fleet

中國有一支艦隊

of 420,000 electric buses

420 000輛電動巴士

compared to 600 in the entire United States.

相比之下，全美國有600。

To put that into perspective,

為了讓大家明白這一點。

Santiago de Chile alone has 455 electric buses, and growing,

僅智利聖地亞哥就有455輛電動巴士，而且還在不斷增加。

thanks to an ingenious financial arrangement.

由於巧妙的財務安排。

Africa now has its first manufacturing plant of electric buses.

非洲現在有了第一家電動客車製造廠。

And P4G, a global initiative,

而P4G，是一個全球性的倡議。

is working with emerging economies

正在與新興經濟體合作

that want to scale up the electrification of buses.

希望擴大公車電動化規模的。

Colombia is first in line,

哥倫比亞排在第一位。

designing a fund of 2.2 billion dollars

設計一個22億美元的基金

to electrify 6,000 buses over time.

逐步實現6000輛公車的電氣化。

There is, and there will be, resistance to change.

變革的阻力是存在的，也會有的。

There is even an inability to imagine that change is possible.

甚至無法想象改變是可能的。

In reality, change happens exponentially.

在現實中，變化是以指數形式發生的。

Look at what happened to solar energy.

看看太陽能的情況。

Exponential change can bring turmoil

指數級的變化會帶來動盪

if the decline of old industries is not managed.

如果不治理老工業的衰退。

It can bring economic dislocation and job disruption.

它可能會帶來經濟失調和工作中斷。

So wouldn't it be wiser to prepare

所以，準備一下不是更明智嗎？

and design just transitions now rather than later?

並設計只是現在的過渡而不是以後？

Here's the bottom line.

這是底線。

The end of internal combustion engine is within sight.

內燃機的末日就在眼前。

The question is no longer whether this will happen,

問題不再是是否會發生這種情況。

but when.

但當。

Ten years?

10年？

Twenty years?

20年？

It depends on us and the choices that we make this decade.

這取決於我們和我們在這十年中做出的選擇。

So now is the time to go bigger and faster

所以現在是做大做快的時候了。

towards a future without a tailpipe,

走向沒有尾氣的未來。

a future where we can meet our transportation needs

在未來，我們可以滿足我們的交通需求

and have people-friendly streets,

並有便民街道。

a future with a thriving economy and clean air,

一個經濟繁榮、空氣清新的未來。

a future we choose for the climate and for our health.

我們為氣候和健康選擇的未來。

Thank you.

謝謝你了