that you will get dementia."

你會得痴呆症的。"

No, no, and no.

不，不，也不。

Ebi Ofrey: "Never smiling staves off wrinkles."

Ebi Ofrey："從不微笑可以防止皺紋的產生。"

Wrinkles are not as a result of smiling.

皺紋不是因為微笑而產生的。

Arbaje: Even if it is, do we really want to stop smiling?

Arbaje。即使是這樣，我們真的想停止微笑嗎？

"You don't need as much sleep when you get older."

"你老了就不需要那麼多的睡眠了。"

You always need sleep.

你總是需要睡眠。

Hi, my name is Dr. Alicia Arbaje.

嗨，我是阿麗西亞-阿巴耶博士。

Ofrey: And my name is Dr. Ebi Ofrey.

奧弗雷：我的名字是埃比-奧弗雷博士。

Arbaje: And today, we're going to be debunking

Arbaje。今天，我們要揭穿... ...

myths about aging.

關於衰老的神話。

"It's harder to learn new things as you get older."

"隨著年齡的增長，學習新的東西更難了。"

It may be a little slower on some things,

可能在一些事情上會慢一些。

especially if we're not familiar with them,

尤其是當我們對它們不熟悉的時候。

but as we get older,

但隨著年齡的增長。

we become more able to understand things

心領神會

that are more abstract as opposed to concrete.

是相對於具體而言比較抽象的。

So I think this bodes well for older adults.

所以我覺得這對老年人來說是個好兆頭。

Ofrey: As Dr. Arbaje said, I think it's just different.

奧弗雷：正如阿巴傑博士所說，我認為這只是不同的。

Older adults are more likely to learn things faster

老年人更容易學得更快。

that don't have to do with technology.

與技術無關的。

But once technology comes into play,

但一旦技術發揮作用。

it takes them a bit longer.

它需要他們的時間長一點。

"How you age is predetermined by your genes."

"你的年齡是由你的基因決定的。"

Arbaje: This is one of my favorite ones to talk about.

Arbaje。這是我最喜歡談的話題之一。

I think that genes are way less important than we think

我認為基因的重要性比我們想象的要小得多。

and lifestyle is way more important than we think.

和生活方式比我們想象的更重要。

And we have the ability to turn genes on and off;

而我們有能力開啟和關閉基因。

how we eat, sleep, live, love,

我們如何吃，睡，住，愛。

and exercise makes the biggest difference of all.

而運動則是其中最大的不同。

Ofrey: So, your habits from youth

奧弗雷：所以，你從年輕時的習慣

play a key role in how your aging process goes.

在你的衰老過程中起著關鍵作用。

Arbaje: "It is inevitable that you will get dementia."

Arbaje:"你不可避免地會得痴呆症。"

No, no, and no.

不，不，也不。

Dementia is not a normal part of aging,

痴呆症不是正常的衰老。

and it's important to understand that if you're having

重要的是要明白，如果你有。

memory problems or problems planning

記憶力問題或計劃問題

or being oriented or getting around,

或被導向或出行。

that is a sign that something needs to be checked out.

這是一個跡象，需要檢查出來的東西。

Ofrey: Only a small percentage of older adults

奧弗雷。只有一小部分老年人

actually have dementia.

其實有痴呆症。

So if you have problems with remembering things,

所以如果你有記性不好的問題。

you need to understand that it could also be due to

你要知道，這也可能是由於。

an underlying problem that can be solved.

一個可以解決的根本問題。

"You shouldn't exercise when you are older

"年紀大了就不應該運動了

because you are prone to injuries."

因為你容易受傷。"

If you have underlying conditions

如果您有潛在的疾病

you are aware of, it's important

你知道的，重要的是

you pay attention to the exercises you do

你注意你做的練習

because your underlying condition

因為你的基本情況

might affect your risk of injury.

可能會影響您受傷的風險。

But old age alone is not a risk for injury.

但僅僅是年老，並不存在受傷的風險。

Arbaje: I wholeheartedly agree and would add that

阿巴耶。我完全同意，並要補充說：

there are different kinds of exercises

練習有多種

no matter what situation you are in.

無論你在什麼情況下。

You could be bedbound or in a chair or in a wheelchair

你可以臥床不起，也可以坐在椅子上，還可以坐在輪椅上。

and still be able to do different kinds of exercises.

並且還能做不同種類的練習。

"You don't need as much sleep when you get older."

"你老了就不需要那麼多的睡眠了。"

You always need sleep.

你總是需要睡眠。

And the amount of sleep you need over time

而隨著時間的推移，你需要的睡眠量

is probably gonna be pretty consistent.

可能是會很一致。

And the way to know if you're getting enough or not

以及知道你是否得到足夠的食物的方法。

is to understand how well you're doing the next morning.

是為了瞭解自己第二天早上的表現。

Are you able to function the next day

第二天你還能正常工作嗎？

and do the things that you have to do?

並做自己該做的事情？

Ofrey: As we go into sort of retirement,

奧夫雷：隨著我們進入排序退休。

most of the time we have more time

大多時候，我們有更多的時間

available to us during the day,

白天可向我們提供。

and many times we take more naps than we should.

而很多時候，我們的午睡比我們應該的更多。

As such, we should be able to adjust our daily habits

是以，我們應該能夠調整自己的日常習慣。

to ensure we don't spend most of the day sleeping

以確保我們不會花一天的大部分時間睡覺

and then not be able to sleep at night.

然後晚上睡不著覺。

"You'll gain weight because your metabolism slows down."

"你會變胖，因為你的新陳代謝變慢了。"

I feel there's a chance of weight gain

我覺得有可能會發胖。

not because your metabolism slows down,

而不是因為你的新陳代謝變慢了。

but because you are more inactive at the time.

但因為你當時比較不活躍。

We need to still remain active the older we get.

我們仍然需要保持活躍的年齡越大。

Arbaje: Your metabolism should also stay

Arbaje。你的新陳代謝也應該保持

pretty consistent throughout our lives.

在我們的生活中，相當一致。

So, I really think that this can empower people

所以，我真的認為這可以增強人們的能力。

to not feel like old age is going

不覺得自己老了

to be about a lot of decline.

以是關於很多下降。

The next myth is that,

下一個神話是：

"People lose their sex drives as they age."

"人們隨著年齡的增長，會失去性慾。"

So, this one's kind of interesting.

所以，這個有點意思。

If people are losing their sex drive, per se,

如果人們的性慾下降，本身。

it could be because of an underlying chronic situation,

可能是因為潛在的慢性情況。

a chronic condition, it could be related to medications.

屬於慢性病，可能與藥物有關。

People's relationships change over time,

人們的關係會隨著時間的推移而改變。

and what becomes important to them

以及對他們來說什麼變得重要

may change or evolve over time.

可能會隨著時間的推移而改變或演變。

It doesn't necessarily mean that

這不一定意味著

they wouldn't have a sex drive.

他們不會有性慾。

Ofrey: I totally agree with Dr. Arbaje.

奧弗雷：我完全同意阿巴傑博士的觀點。

The sense that people may have different interests

人們可能有不同的興趣的感覺

and different ways of showing affection the older they get.

以及年齡越大表達感情的不同方式。

And, again, there may be underlying conditions

而且，同樣，可能有潛在的條件

that may make sexual intercourse

可能使性行為

not as comfortable as it used to be.

不像以前那麼舒服了。

So, "Getting old makes you grouchy."

所以，"老了就會變得暴躁"。

Arbaje: We see how older people are depicted

Arbaje:我們看到老年人是如何被描述的

in cartoons and in movies,

在卡通片和電影中。

and often this is the stereotype.

而往往這就是刻板印象。

Grumpy Old Man: I don't like this desk,

脾氣暴躁的老人：我不喜歡這張桌子。

and I don't like this chair,

我不喜歡這把椅子

and I don't like holidays,

我也不喜歡過節

flippity floppity floopity floody!

啪啪啪啪啪啪啪啪啪啪啪啪啪啪啪!

Ofrey: We realize that a majority of our patients

Ofrey：我們意識到，我們的大部分病人

are not grouchy, but they seem to be a bit sad

雖說不是暴躁，但似乎也有幾分傷感。

because of the, you know, the nesting syndrome,

因為，你知道，嵌套綜合症。

being alone in the house, and things like that.

獨自一人在家裡，和這樣的事情。

But grouchiness is not a feature of old age.

但脾氣暴躁並不是老年的特徵。

Arbaje: That is so well said.

Arbaje。說得真好。

Grouchiness is not a feature of old age.

脾氣暴躁並不是老年人的特點。

I do think that

我確實認為

depression is a lot higher in older adults,

抑鬱症在老年人中的發病率要高很多。

or it can be,

或者可以。

and that can be because of

而這可能是由於

underlying chronic conditions, life circumstance,

潛在的慢性病、生活環境。

and those are things that depression

而這些都是抑鬱症的事情

can manifest as irritability in older people,

可表現為老年人的煩躁不安。

and that may be mistaken for grouchiness.

而這可能被誤認為是暴躁。

"You will lose your eyesight."

"你會失去視力的。"

Losing eyesight is usually

喪失視力通常是

related to a problem in other organs as well.

與其他器官的問題也有關。

So it's a sign of an underlying condition.

所以這是一種潛在病症的信號。

Poor circulation or diabetes

血液循環不良或糖尿病

or high blood pressure or strokes.

或高血壓或中風。

Now, what we do know

現在，我們知道的是

is that the acuity of your vision

是你的視力

can change over time.

可以隨著時間的推移而改變。

So, the sharpness of your vision,

所以，你的視線的敏銳度。

but that is not the same as losing your eyesight.

但這不等於失去視力。

Ofrey: You may have certain visual impairments,

奧弗雷：你可能有某些視覺障礙。

but not loss of eyesight.

但不會喪失視力。

And all those impairments have corrective measures

而所有這些障礙都有糾正措施

that can be applied to ensure your sight returns,

可以應用，以確保你的視力恢復。

if not to normal, to almost normal.

即使不至於正常，也幾乎正常。

So, "Your teeth fall out as you get older."

所以，"你的牙齒會隨著年齡的增長而脫落"。

Again, there's a popular saying over here meaning,

同樣，這邊有句流行的話，意思是。

"Don't prepare for war in time of war."

"戰時不備戰"。

Meaning you prepare for old age before you get old.

意思是說，你要在老之前做好養老的準備。

Most of the time, people take care of their bodies

大多數時候，人們都會對自己的身體進行保養

but seem to neglect oral health.

但似乎忽略了口腔健康。

And that's why it seems that

這也是為什麼看起來

most times people lose their teeth.

大多數時候人們都會掉牙。

Arbaje: Your teeth are so important

Arbaje:你的牙齒是如此重要

because all those bacteria travel to other parts

因為所有這些細菌都會去其他地方

of our body, so it's really important to keep,

的，所以我們的身體真的很重要，要保持。

as I said earlier, all our organs in good shape,

正如我剛才所說，我們的所有器官都處於良好狀態。

and that will help our teeth stay in good shape as well.

這樣也能幫助我們的牙齒保持良好的狀態。

"Aging means more medications."

"衰老意味著更多的藥物。"

So, this one is unfortunately partially true,

所以，這個很不幸，部分是真的。

but it doesn't have to be.

但也不一定非得如此。

It does seem that the older people get

看來，老年人確實會

and the more healthcare they receive,

以及他們接受的醫療服務越多。

the more medications they might end up on.

越多的藥物，他們可能最終。

The theme here is how you eat,

這裡的主題是你怎麼吃。

how you sleep, how you exercise, how you love,

你怎麼睡，怎麼運動，怎麼愛。

how you pray. All of these things matter.

你如何祈禱。所有這些事情都很重要。

Even if you are on medications,

即使你在吃藥。

there is still a chance you can come off of medications

還是有機會可以停藥的

with lifestyle changes.

與生活方式的改變。

So, anyone who's on a medication,

所以，凡是吃藥的人。

I just encourage them to see their healthcare provider,

我只是鼓勵他們去看他們的醫療機構。

geriatrician, ideally, and ask several times a year,

老年科醫生，最好是一年問幾次。

"Do I still need this medication?

"我還需要這種藥嗎？

And if I do, do I still need it at the same dose?

如果我這樣做了，我還需要用同樣的劑量嗎？

And if I still need it, what else can I do in my life

如果我還需要它，我還能在我的生活中做什麼？

so that I can eventually come off

好讓我最終能擺脫

of this medication if possible?"

如果可能的話，這種藥物的？"

Ofrey: Interestingly, I was thinking the same thing

奧弗雷：有趣的是，我也在想同樣的事情。

that Arbaje was thinking.

阿巴耶所想的。

And so it's important to note that

所以要注意的是

if you have a healthy lifestyle,

如果你有一個健康的生活方式。

you are less likely to require most of the medication

您不太可能需要大部分的藥物治療。

many elderly people take at the moment

目前很多老人都在服用

because you have prevented the conditions

因為你已經阻止了這些條件

that require them.

需要它們的。

"Never smiling staves off wrinkles."

"永遠不笑，可以避免皺紋"

Wrinkles are not as a result of smiling.

皺紋不是因為微笑而產生的。

Arbaje: Even if it is, do we really want to stop smiling?

Arbaje。即使是這樣，我們真的想停止微笑嗎？

Because smiling has so many other benefits.

因為微笑還有很多其他的好處。

Wrinkles are about loss of collagen,

皺紋是關於膠原蛋白的流失。

loss of hydration, and not so much

損失水分，而不是那麼多

how you're using your face.

你如何使用你的臉。

So please don't stop smiling.

所以請不要停止微笑。

And please instead hydrate if you're worried about wrinkles,

而如果你擔心皺紋的話，請反而補水。

make sure you're eating plenty of fruits and vegetables.

確保你吃了大量的水果和蔬菜。

Really, skin is an inside job.

真的，皮膚是內功。

"Eating fewer calories will extend your life."

"少吃點卡路里，可以延長你的壽命。"

What we know is the kind of calories you eat

我們知道的是，你吃的是什麼樣的卡路里。

are more important than how many.

是比多少更重要。

So, our bodies run on glucose,

所以，我們的身體是靠葡萄糖運行的。

and the more pure sources of glucose

和更純的葡萄糖來源

you can consume, the better.

你可以消費，越好。

Fruit has the most viable available

水果具有最強的生存能力

source of glucose available to our bodies.

我們身體可用的葡萄糖來源。

And when I say eat way more fruits and vegetables,

當我說多吃水果和蔬菜的時候。

I mean way more.

我的意思是更多。

Four apples, three mangoes, six potatoes.

四個蘋果，三個芒果，六個洋芋。

Like, not this tiny-side-salad stuff that we think about.

就像，不是我們所想的這種小面沙拉的東西。

Make that the majority of your meal.

使之成為你的大部分餐點。

It is hard to get fresh produce all year round,

一年四季都很難買到新鮮的農產品。

depending on where you are.

取決於你在哪裡。

And it can be more expensive for some people.

而且對於一些人來說，可能會比較貴。

I am not saying that it's important to eat organic,

我不是說吃有機食品很重要。

although if you can, that's even better,

雖然如果你可以，那就更好了。

but I don't want people to shun getting access

但我不希望人們逃避獲取的機會

to whatever kinds of fruit and vegetable they have.

到任何種類的水果和蔬菜。

Ofrey: Preparation is the key to success.

奧弗雷：準備工作是成功的關鍵。

So your lifestyle, what you do,

所以，你的生活方式，你做什麼。

your habits you form before you get older,

你的習慣你形成之前，你老了。

they'll go a long way to ensuring

它們將大大確保

you have a healthier and longer life.

你有一個更健康、更長壽的生活。

Arbaje: Adjust your attitude about aging.

Arbaje。調整你對衰老的態度。

We have this idea that aging is about decline

我們有這樣的想法，老化是關於下降

and being dependent on other people.

和依賴他人。

Aging is a beautiful part of life.

衰老是生命中美好的一部分。

It's a time when we become more wise,

這是一個我們變得更加智慧的時代。

when we become able to give back to others,

當我們變得能夠回饋他人的時候。

and we as geriatricians are here to support you.

而我們作為老年病學家在這裡支持你。