of Apple and used $12 million of his own money

的蘋果公司，並動用了自己的1200萬美元。

to start a new computer company.

創辦一家新的電腦公司。

Hi, I'm Steve Jobs, and I make computers.

嗨，我是史蒂夫-喬布斯，我是做電腦的。

Narrator: NeXT would ultimately be viewed as a failure.

旁白：NeXT最終會被認為是一個失敗者

But that failure actually saved Apple.

但這次失敗實際上拯救了蘋果。

Apple went public in 1980

蘋果公司於1980年上市

and was valued at $1.8 billion.

並被估值為18億美元。

But a few years later, Apple was struggling.

但幾年後，蘋果公司卻舉步維艱。

Both the Apple III and the Lisa

Apple III和Lisa

failed to become commercial hits.

未能成為商業熱門。

So in 1983, Jobs decided to recruit John Sculley,

於是在1983年，喬布斯決定招聘約翰-斯庫利。

who was the CEO of Pepsi at the time,

他是當時百事可樂的CEO。

famously asking Sculley:

著名的問Sculley。

And with that, Sculley was convinced.

就這樣，斯庫利被說服了。

He left Pepsi and became the CEO of Apple.

他離開百事可樂，成為蘋果公司的CEO。

But tension started to grow between him and Jobs.

但他和喬布斯之間的關係開始變得緊張。

Because of internal struggles and product failures,

因為內部鬥爭和產品失敗。

Jobs' role was diminished.

喬布斯的作用被削弱了。

It was around this time that Jobs came up with an idea

就在這個時候，喬布斯想出了一個主意

for a new computer company, separate from Apple.

為一家獨立於蘋果的新電腦公司。

But he wanted to recruit five Apple employees.

但他想招聘5名蘋果員工。

This furthered tension between Apple and Jobs.

這進一步加劇了蘋果和喬布斯之間的緊張關係。

Something had to change.

有些事情必須要改變。

So in 1985, Steve Jobs left Apple.

於是在1985年，喬布斯離開了蘋果。

And moved on to launch a new company called NeXT.

並轉而成立了一家名為NeXT的新公司。

Jobs: So, what should we do?

工作。那麼，我們應該怎麼做？

Narrator: With NeXT, Jobs wanted to create computers

旁白：喬布斯想通過NeXT創造計算機

for universities and researchers.

為大學和研究人員。

NeXT was a project where Jobs could regain the control

NeXT是一個項目，喬布斯可以重新獲得控制權。

he had lost at Apple, and he was confident enough

他在蘋果公司輸了，他有足夠的信心。

in this idea to invest $12 million of his own money.

在這個想法中，他將自己的錢投資1200萬美元。

In 1988, NeXT released its first computer.

1988年，NeXT發佈了第一臺電腦。

It was a powerful machine that embodied

它是一臺強大的機器，體現了

similar design philosophies to current-day Apple.

類似於現在的蘋果的設計理念。

Even down to its custom circuit board.

甚至到了它的定製電路板上。

But the NeXT computer was expensive.

但NeXT電腦很貴。

Very expensive.

非常昂貴。

While other computers at the time ranged from

而當時的其他電腦從

$700 to a few thousand dollars,

700元到幾千元。

the NeXT computer had a base price of $6,500.

NeXT電腦的基本價格為6500美元。

But the education market it was targeting

但它所針對的教育市場

already had a lot of older computers and limited budgets.

已經有很多老舊的電腦，預算有限。

NeXT's computers never found mass success.

NeXT的計算機從未獲得大規模的成功。

So in 1993, NeXT completely stopped developing its hardware

所以在1993年，NeXT完全停止了硬件的開發。

and shifted its focus to the real innovation:

並將重心轉移到真正的創新上。

software.

軟件。

The operating system for NeXT computers was called NeXTSTEP.

NeXT計算機的作業系統被稱為NeXTSTEP。

It was built on top of UNIX,

它是建立在UNIX之上的。

an operating system that dates back to the 1960s.

一種可以追溯到20世紀60年代的作業系統。

Using UNIX as its base gave NeXTSTEP

以UNIX為基礎，賦予了NeXTSTEP

several key advantages over Mac OS,

與Mac OS相比，有幾個關鍵優勢。

like object-oriented programming and protected memory,

如面向對象編程和受保護內存。

which meant fewer system crashes.

這意味著更少的系統崩潰。

And it used developer tools like Interface Builder,

而且它使用了像Interface Builder這樣的開發者工具。

which made creating programs much more intuitive.

這使得創建程序更加直觀。

Despite NeXT computer's struggles, the software was popular.

儘管NeXT電腦舉步維艱，但該軟件還是很受歡迎。

Jobs: People told us they love NeXTSTEP

工作。人們告訴我們他們喜歡NeXTSTEP

and they love the fact that we built it on top of UNIX.

他們喜歡我們把它建立在UNIX之上的事實。

Narrator: Programmers used NeXT machines

旁白：程序員使用NeXT機器

to develop iconic games like "Quake" and "Doom."

來開發 "Quake "和 "Doom "等標誌性遊戲。

Even Tim Berners-Lee was a fan.

連蒂姆-伯納斯-李都是粉絲。

He built the first web browser on a NeXT computer.

他在NeXT電腦上建立了第一個網絡瀏覽器。

But NeXT couldn't survive on software sales alone,

但NeXT僅靠軟件銷售無法生存。

and this is where Apple comes back into the story.

而這也是蘋果公司重出江湖的原因。

After Jobs' departure, Apple found little success

喬布斯離開後，蘋果公司發現幾乎沒有成功

and continued to struggle.

並繼續奮鬥。

Under Sculley, the company developed

在Sculley的帶領下，公司開發了

several failed products, like the Newton MessagePad.

幾款失敗的產品，比如Newton MessagePad。

Jobs: Who wants a stylus?

工作。誰想要一支手寫筆？

Yuck.

呸。

Narrator: In 1993, Apple's profit dropped 84%.

旁白：1993年，蘋果公司的利潤下降了84%。

Sculley resigned from Apple that same year.

同年，Sculley從蘋果公司辭職。

And with the success of Windows NT and Windows 95,

而隨著Windows NT和Windows 95的成功。

Mac OS was falling behind.

Mac OS落後了。

Apple needed a new, modern operating system

蘋果需要一個新的、現代化的作業系統

if they were going to survive the next decade.

如果他們要在下一個十年生存下去。

So Apple's CEO at the time, Gil Amelio,

所以蘋果當時的CEO，吉爾-阿梅里奧。

turned his attention to NeXT.

轉而關注NeXT。

With NeXT, Apple could finally have

有了NeXT，蘋果終於可以擁有

an advanced operating system to compete with Windows.

一個與Windows競爭的先進作業系統。

In 1997, Apple bought NeXT

1997年，蘋果收購了NeXT

for $429 million.

以4.29億美元。

That same year, Steve Jobs returned to Apple.

同年，喬布斯重返蘋果。

Eventually, he would once again become CEO.

最終，他又一次成為CEO。

But the big part of the deal?

但交易的重要部分？

Apple would acquire the NeXTSTEP operating system

蘋果將收購NeXTSTEP作業系統

and use it to replace Mac OS,

並用它來代替Mac OS。

which was on version 8 at the time,

當時是在8版本。

combining NeXT's software with Apple's hardware.

將NeXT的軟件與蘋果的硬件相結合。

In the original press release, Apple stated:

在最初的新聞稿中，蘋果表示。

Soon after the acquisition,

收購後不久。

Apple started to develop what would become OS X,

蘋果開始開發後來的OS X。

based on the NeXTSTEP operating system.

基於NeXTSTEP作業系統。

OS X integrated major NeXTSTEP features,

OS X集成了NeXTSTEP的主要功能。

like the dock and the mail app,

像碼頭和郵件應用。

and minor touches, like the spinning wheel.

和小的潤色，比如紡車。

Though most of the similarities could be found

雖然大部分的相似之處都可以找到

under the hood.

引擎蓋下。

OS X used the same programing language, Objective-C,

OS X使用了相同的編程語言Objective-C。

and the Interface Builder tool.

和界面生成器工具。

The first release of OS X in 2001

2001年首次發佈OS X

was a glimpse at the future of the Mac.

是對Mac未來發展的一個展望。

The Aqua interface was a radical design change

Aqua界面是一個徹底的設計改變

from previous versions.

從以前的版本。

And OS X also introduced things like

而OS X也引入了諸如

System Preferences and the column view in Finder.

系統偏好設置和Finder中的列視圖。

But it would take several years

但這需要幾年時間

for Apple's investment to pay off.

為蘋果的投資回報。

Initially, OS X was sluggish and had stability issues.

最初，OS X的速度很慢，而且存在穩定性問題。

It also required more memory

它還需要更多的內存

than many Macs shipped with at the time.

比當時許多Mac出貨時的。

But with the release of 10.2, just over a year later,

但隨著10.2的發佈，僅僅一年多後。

Apple improved stability and speed

蘋果提高了穩定性和速度

and cemented the popularity of OS X.

並鞏固了OS X的普及。

Tim Cook: We love the Mac.

蒂姆-庫克我們喜歡Mac

Narrator: From the Dock to the way programs are designed,

旁白：從Dock到程序設計的方式。

OS X looks similar 18 years and 14 versions later.

OS X在18年後的14個版本中看起來很相似。

Even in 2001,

就在2001年。

the user interaction felt modern and intuitive.

用戶互動感覺現代而直觀。

And the work Apple did based on

而蘋果公司基於此所做的工作

the original NeXT operating system

原NeXT作業系統

has helped to form the foundations of

幫助形成了以下的基礎

iOS, watchOS, and tvOS.

iOS、watchOS和tvOS。

If it's an Apple operating system,

如果是蘋果的作業系統。

you can trace its origins to NeXT.

你可以追溯到NeXT的起源。

In December 2001, Macworld wrote,

2001年12月，Macworld寫道。

"We've been waiting for years, but Mac OS X is now truly

"我們已經等了很多年，但Mac OS X現在是真正的

the operating system of tomorrow."

明天的作業系統"。

They were right.

他們是對的。

Almost 20 years later, millions are still using it.

近20年後，仍有數百萬人在使用它。