Thousands of pollen grains, their reproductive material, fly into the air.

成千上萬的花粉粒，它們的繁殖材料，飛到了空中。

Look at that, and anyone with allergies knows you don't get too close or else.

你看，有過敏體質的人都知道，你不要靠得太近，否則。

But what is it about that fluffy stuff that sets off the summer sneezes anyway?

但是，那些蓬鬆的東西到底是什麼東西引爆了夏天的噴嚏呢？

Each year, 26 million Americans experience an allergic reaction, sometimes nicknamed hay fever, the culprit pollen and to help itself get where it needs to go.

每年，2600萬美國人經歷過敏反應，有時綽號花粉熱，罪魁禍首花粉和幫助自己得到它需要去的地方。

Pollen grains are extremely light and sticky.

花粉粒極輕，粘性大。

The wind can carry them for thousands of kilometers, across state lines and over mountains.

風可以帶著它們走幾千公里，越過國境線，翻山越嶺。

You can even find Paul in over 600 kilometers out to sea with not a tree in sight.

你甚至可以在600多公里外的海面上找到保羅，卻看不到一棵樹。

In other words, the sticky stuff gets everywhere, and sometimes it sticks to places that it shouldn't like.

換句話說，粘性的東西到處都有，有時還會粘到不該喜歡的地方。

Your clothes, car and especially your eyes, nose and lungs.

你的衣服、汽車，尤其是你的眼睛、鼻子和肺。

And that is when the trouble starts.

而這時，麻煩就開始了。

Your sniffling and your coughing and your eyes air running and itching.

你的流鼻涕，你的咳嗽，你的眼睛流著氣，癢癢的。

Dry nose, Boukary nose, watery eyes.

鼻幹、布卡里鼻、水眼。

But here's the odd thing about pollen on its own.

但花粉本身的奇特之處在於。

It's harmless.

這是無害的。

It's not a virus or a parasite that can give you a disease or damage your organs it on Lee becomes a problem when your body sees it as one.

它不是一個病毒或寄生蟲，可以給你的疾病或損害你的器官它對李成為一個問題，當你的身體看到它作為一個。

Our body reacts to that Anna Jim, basically the protein in the pollen, and for some reason, our body has recognized it as foreign.

我們的身體對那個安娜吉姆的反應，基本上是花粉中的蛋白質，由於某種原因，我們的身體已經把它識別為外來的。

Your immune system has a merciless procedure for dealing with intruders.

你的免疫系統有一套無情的程序來對付入侵者。

The first line of defense are why shaped proteins called antibodies.

第一道防線是為什麼形狀的蛋白質稱為抗體。

They're like a built in security system that guards your nose, eyes and mouth along with other tissues.

它們就像一個內置的安全系統，守護著你的鼻子、眼睛和嘴巴以及其他組織。

When they bump into a grain of pollen, they sound the alarm.

當它們碰到一粒花粉時，就會發出警報。

Now their main goal is to get that Paul in out of your system, which they do by sending a rush of white blood cells to the scene, which then produce a chemical called histamine.

現在他們的主要目標是把保羅從你的身體里弄出來，他們通過把白血球送到現場，然後產生一種叫做組胺的化學物質。

Histamine has a few ways to get the job done.

組胺有幾種方法來完成任務。

First, it irritates your nose, forcing you to sneeze, which blasts some of the Paul in a way.

首先，它刺激了你的鼻子，迫使你打噴嚏，這在某種程度上打擊了一些保羅。

Second, it expands your blood vessels, opening tiny gaps between the cells that make up the wall, opening a path for a squadron of immune cells to squeeze out and attack the pollen grains.

其次，它能擴張你的血管，在組成血管壁的細胞之間打開微小的縫隙，為中隊的免疫細胞開闢一條道路，讓它們擠出來攻擊花粉粒。

Finally, it tells your nose to make more mucus, which traps the invader and flushes it out of your nasal passages.

最後，它告訴你的鼻子製造更多的粘液，從而捕獲入侵者並將其衝出鼻腔。

Mission accomplished.

任務完成了。

Histamine also flushes out your eyes in a similar way.

組胺也以類似的方式沖刷你的眼睛。

It irritates your eyes, causing them to swell and tear up.

刺激眼睛，導致眼睛腫脹、流淚。

And if Paul in reaches your lungs, histamine irritates the lining, causing you to cough it out.

而如果保羅在到了肺部，組胺就會刺激肺壁，導致你咳嗽出來。

The end result.

最終的結果。

You're a snotty, miserable mess on, since different plants reproduce at different times in the spring and summer.

你是個鼻涕蟲，悲催的一塌糊塗上，因為不同的植物在春夏兩季的繁殖時間不同。

Theus Salt can last for months.

Theus鹽可以持續幾個月。

But hey, at least now your system is free of that.

不過，嘿嘿，至少現在你的系統沒有了這個問題。

Dangerous.

危險的。

Uh, what was it again, Paul In.

呃，又是什麼，保羅-因。

Now, Poland isn't the Onley irritant that can cause this type of reaction.

現在，波蘭並不是能引起這種反應的安利刺激物。

People react to foods.

人們對食物的反應。

They react to pollens.

它們對花粉有反應。

They react to chemicals.

它們會對化學物質產生反應。

They're acting antibiotics.

他們在用抗生素

Their active bee stings, all of those air, the same type of immune reaction.

他們的主動蜂蜇，所有這些空氣，同類型的免疫反應。

However, Paulen is one of the most common allergies, but scientists aren't entirely sure why.

然而，寶蓮是最常見的過敏之一，但科學家們並不完全清楚原因。

What they do know is that some people have more sensitive immune systems than others, and that's based on a bunch of factors like genetics.

他們知道的是，有些人的免疫系統比其他人更敏感，這是基於遺傳等一系列因素。

When you were first exposed to pollen and how much of it you were exposed to, all of that influences what your body is going to do is what kind of reaction is gonna have regardless of how you ended up with allergies.

當你第一次接觸到花粉和多少你接觸到，所有這些影響你的身體要做的是什麼樣的反應是會有不管你如何結束與過敏。

One thing is clear.

有一件事是很清楚的。

They suck, you're gonna be really miserable.

他們很爛，你會很慘的。

And some people are very, very uncomfortable.

而且有些人非常非常不舒服。

And e mean it leads to lost work and law school.

而E的意思是它導致失去工作和法律學校。

Seasonal allergies cost the US $18 billion a year in lost work hours and medical bills, and there's more bad news.

季節性過敏使美國每年損失180億美元的工作時間和醫療費用，而且還有更多的壞消息。

Climate change is making it even worse.

氣候變化使情況更加糟糕。

A recent Siris of studies showed that over the past 20 years, as global temperatures have climbed, pollen counts have risen with them.

最近的一項Siris的研究表明，在過去的20年裡，隨著全球氣溫的攀升，花粉數量也隨之上升。

Plus, the earlier and longer periods of warm weather have stretched prime pollen season out longer than ever.

另外，較早和較長時間的溫暖天氣，使花粉的黃金季節比以往拉長了。

Yes, if it's warmer, which is what climate change is doing, you're gonna have mawr of those pollinating species thriving.

是的，如果它的溫暖， 這是什麼 氣候變化正在做， 你會有mawr 這些授粉物種蓬勃發展。

The good news is there are ways to keep the summer sneezes at bay.

好消息是，有一些方法可以防止夏季打噴嚏。

Like anti histamines, these meds grab onto those irritating histamine molecules, preventing them from working.

和抗組胺藥一樣，這些藥物也會抓住那些刺激性的組胺分子，防止它們發揮作用。

Hence the name anti histamine.

是以被稱為抗組胺。

So is the skies cloud with yellow horror dust and pollen counts skyrocket.

所以是天空中雲集著黃色恐怖的灰塵，花粉數量暴增。

Grab a tissue popping anti histamine and hope that winter returns soon.

拿起紙巾啪啪啪抗組胺，希望冬天快點回來。

E.

E.