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  • This video was made possible by Brilliant.

    這個視頻是由Brilliant公司製作的。

  • The first 755 people to sign up over at Brilliant.org/reallifelore, will get 20% off their premium subscriptions.

    前755名在Brilliant.org/reallifelore註冊的人,將獲得20%的優惠。

  • There are millions of lakes in the world and Canada is home to over 60% of them.

    世界上有數百萬個湖泊,加拿大是其中60%以上湖泊的所在地。

  • Fortunately for Canadians though, none of these lakes are anywhere near as bad as the most dangerous one in the world which is actually located

    不過幸運的是,加拿大人的這些湖泊都沒有世界上最危險的一個湖泊那麼糟糕,它實際上位於

  • here in Africa, between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda.

    剛果民主共和國和盧旺達之間的非洲這裡。

  • This is Lake Kivu, and if you look at pictures of it on Google

    這就是基伍湖,如果你在谷歌上看它的圖片。

  • it doesn't really look all that dangerous, so what gives?

    它看起來並不真的所有的危險,所以什麼給?

  • It's kind of a big lake I guess. It's the 9th deepest lake in the world too, but that means that there is 8 more that are even deeper.

    這也算是一個大湖吧。它也是世界上第9深的湖,但這意味著還有8個更深的湖。

  • There's other lakes like this one, that's literally called Boiling Lake,

    還有其他像這樣的湖泊,那是字面意思,叫沸騰湖。

  • because the temperature can get up to 92 degrees Celsius.

    因為溫度可以達到92攝氏度。

  • So what makes the innocent-looking Lake Kivu so dangerous?

    那麼,是什麼讓看似純真的基伍湖變得如此危險呢?

  • It probably has something to do with the fact that the lake seems to occasionally explode and kill everything around it.

    這可能與湖水似乎偶爾會爆炸,殺死周圍的一切有關。

  • But how does that happen?

    但這是怎麼發生的呢?

  • A lake exploding sounds pretty weird, but it's because it doesn't happen very often.

    湖水爆炸聽起來很奇怪,但這是因為它並不經常發生。

  • The first time in recorded history that we observed something like this was just back in 1984 at another African lake here, Lake Manoun.

    有史以來,我們第一次觀察到這樣的東西是在1984年,在另一個非洲湖泊馬農湖。

  • On August 15th of that year, local people reported hearing a loud noise and seeing a gas cloud emanating from the lake.

    當年8月15日,當地民眾稱聽到一聲巨響,並看到湖面上有氣體雲霧散發出來。

  • 37 people ended up dying with reports of skin discoloration,

    37人最終因報告皮膚變色而死亡。

  • which lead to investigators to initially believe that the incident was a terrorist attack.

    導致調查人員初步認為該事件是一起恐怖襲擊。

  • But, two years later, the nearby Lake Nyos experienced a very similar, but even more catastrophic event.

    但是,兩年後,附近的尼奧斯湖經歷了一次非常類似的,但更加災難性的事件。

  • Here's what really happened in both cases:

    以下是這兩起案件的真實情況。

  • The lakes were completely saturated with gases, like CO2,

    湖泊中的二氧化碳等氣體完全飽和。

  • the CO2 may have come from volcanic gas below the lakes, or from the decreased composition of organic materials.

    二氧化碳可能來自湖泊下面的火山氣體,或者來自有機物的成分減少。

  • But the end result of a high concentration of the gas in the water is the same.

    但水中氣體濃度高的最終結果是一樣的。

  • Before the lake becomes saturated though, it behaves much like an unopened soft drink.

    不過在湖水飽和之前,它的行為很像未開封的軟飲料。

  • Meaning that the CO2 is dissolved in the water. In both the lake and the soft drink, CO2 dissolves much more readily at higher pressure.

    意味著二氧化碳溶解在水中。在湖水和汽水中,二氧化碳在高壓下更容易溶解。

  • This is why bubbles in a can of soda form only after the can is opened,

    這就是為什麼汽水罐中的氣泡要在開罐後才會形成。

  • the pressure is released and so the CO2 comes out of solution.

    壓力被釋放,所以二氧化碳從溶液中出來。

  • In the case of lakes, the bottom experiences way higher pressure than the surface, the deeper it is, the higher the pressure at the bottom is.

    在湖泊的情況下,底部經歷的壓力比表面高得多,越深,底部的壓力就越大。

  • This means that huge amounts of CO2 can be dissolved in large, deep lakes, like both of these were.

    這意味著,大量的二氧化碳可以溶解在大型深湖中,就像這兩個湖泊一樣。

  • CO2 also dissolves much more readily in cooler water, like at the bottom of a lake.

    二氧化碳也更容易溶解在較冷的水中,比如在湖底。

  • So once a lake is saturated with CO2 like this, it becomes extremely unstable,

    所以,一旦湖泊被這樣的二氧化碳飽和,就會變得極不穩定。

  • all it takes is a trigger event, like a volcano, earthquake or explosion to set the whole thing off.

    所有它需要的是一個觸發事件, 像火山,地震或爆炸 引發整個事情。

  • Whatever the cause, the trigger event pushes the saturated water higher into the lake,

    無論原因是什麼,觸發事件都會將飽和的水推向更高的湖中。

  • where the low pressure can't keep the CO2 contained anymore.

    低壓無法再容納二氧化碳的地方。

  • Bubbles start forming at the surface, a column of gas erupts on top, the water at the bottom is pulled up by suction which causes a runaway loss of CO2

    海面開始形成氣泡,頂部爆發出氣柱,底部的水被吸力拉起,導致二氧化碳失控流失。

  • and an eventual explosion.

    並最終發生爆炸。

  • Imagine shaking a can of soda and opening it, but on an epicly bigger scale.

    想象一下,搖動一罐蘇打水,然後打開它,但規模卻大得驚人。

  • At Lake Nyos, this event happened in the middle of the night and sent a 25 meter high tsunami surging into the other side of the beach,

    在尼奧斯湖,這一事件發生在半夜,並使25米高的海嘯湧向海灘的另一邊。

  • the lake turned a deep red and a 1.2 cubic kilometer toxic gas cloud of CO2 started migrating off the water and into the nearby villages.

    湖水變成了深紅色,1.2立方公里的二氧化碳有毒氣體雲開始從水面遷移到附近的村莊。

  • Because CO2 is denser than air, it has a bad tendency to stick to the ground while pushing breathable air up,

    因為二氧化碳的密度比空氣大,所以它有一個不好的傾向,就是粘在地上,同時把透氣的空氣推上去。

  • as a result, when the cloud entered the surrounding villages, people couldn't breathe and experienced severe CO2 poisoning.

    結果,當雲霧進入周圍村莊時,人們無法呼吸,出現嚴重的二氧化碳中毒。

  • Nearly everyone around the lake that night died and people as far away as 25 kilometers even suffered from it.

    當晚湖邊的人幾乎都死了,遠在25公里外的人甚至也受其影響。

  • In all, over 1700 people lost their lives in the catastrophe, as well as thousands of cattle and wild animals.

    共有1700多人在這場災難中喪生,還有數千頭牛和野生動物。

  • But as bad as all of that was, the potential for the same thing happening at Lake Kivu would be a lot worse.

    但儘管所有這些都很糟糕,但在基伍湖發生同樣事情的可能性會更大。

  • These lake explosions are called Limnic Eruptions, and Lake Kivu has the exact same symptoms that the previous two lakes had,

    這些湖泊爆炸被稱為石灰岩噴發,基伍湖的症狀與前兩個湖泊完全相同。

  • the only differences are that Lake Kivu is a lot bigger and has a lot more gas built up inside of it.

    唯一不同的是,基伍湖的面積更大,裡面積聚的氣體更多。

  • 65 cubic kilometers of methane and 256 cubic kilometers of CO2,

    65立方千米的甲烷和256立方千米的二氧化碳。

  • 2 million people live around the shores of the lake and if an eruption were to happen here, all of their lives would be in jeopardy.

    200萬人口居住在湖邊,如果這裡發生火山噴發,他們的生命都將受到威脅。

  • Even creepier though, geologists operating around the lake discovered evidence that suggested a local extinction event happens about once every 1000 years

    不過更令人毛骨悚然的是,在湖邊作業的地質學家發現了證據,表明當地的滅絕事件大約每1000年發生一次。

  • that wipes out a large part of the local wildlife.

    抹去了當地大部分的野生動物。

  • If it's the lake exploding once every thousand years like it seems, well, that's pretty bad news.

    如果是湖水像看起來那樣一千年爆炸一次,那可真是個壞消息。

  • So what are we doing to fix this problem?

    那麼我們該如何解決這個問題呢?

  • Not really anything at all right now, the Rwandan government extracts a lot of methane from it for energy purposes,

    現在還真沒有什麼,盧旺達政府從中提取了大量的甲烷,用於能源。

  • when it's probably not enough to guarantee that the disaster won't ever happen.

    當它可能不足以保證災難不會發生的時候。

  • At the first two lakes I talked about, they've installed a series of pipes to release the gas above the surface,

    在我說的前兩個湖泊,他們已經安裝了一系列的管道,將氣體釋放到地表之上。

  • but since Lake Kivu is so much bigger that may not be as practical.

    但由於基伍湖大得多,可能不那麼實際。

  • Releasing that much gas would be 2% of the annual amount humanity releases from burning fossil fuels and it would cost millions of dollars to do,

    釋放這麼多的天然氣,相當於人類每年燃燒化石燃料釋放量的2%,而且需要花費數百萬美元。

  • which the neighboring countries may not be so willing to spend.

    周邊國家可能不大願意花錢。

  • The solution to the most dangerous lake in the world remains elusive and with no clear answer and sight

    世界上最危險的湖泊的解決方法仍然遙遙無期,沒有明確的答案和景象。

  • it may only be a matter of time until another disaster happens.

    另一場災難的發生可能只是時間問題。

  • If you want to be the one to come up with the answer you can mention it in the comments, but before you do,

    如果你想成為那個想出答案的人,你可以在評論中提到它,但在你這樣做之前。

  • you should probably learn a bit about physics and chemistry by visiting the courses over at Brilliant.org.

    你也許應該通過訪問Brilliant.org的課程來了解一下物理和化學。

  • Brilliant is the best place to learn about things like everyday physics, special relativity, computer science and more

    Brilliant是學習日常物理學、狹義相對論、計算機科學等知識的最佳場所。

  • because they teach you how to understand things visually without making you check for pointless rules.

    因為它們教你如何直觀地理解事物,而不會讓你檢查無意義的規則。

  • With Brilliant you learn by playing through puzzles that help you build you core knowledge and intuition so you can actually come to learn about these concepts.

    在Brilliant中,你通過玩拼圖來學習,幫助你建立核心知識和直覺,這樣你就可以真正來學習這些概念。

  • You can take as many of these masterfully designed courses as you want with their premium subscription which,

    你可以通過他們的高級訂閱,儘可能多地參加這些精心設計的課程,其中。

  • by being one of the first 755 people to click on the link in the description, you can get for 20% off.

    通過成為前755人點擊描述中的鏈接,你可以得到20%的折扣。

  • You can learn something cool and support RealLifeLore at the same time and I'll see you again next Friday for another brand new video then.

    你可以學到一些很酷的東西,同時也可以支持RealLifeLore,我們下週五再見,到時再看另一個全新的視頻。

This video was made possible by Brilliant.

這個視頻是由Brilliant公司製作的。

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