Name: 假新聞。事實與虛構--冠狀病毒時代的假新聞 (Fake News: Fact and Fiction - Fake news in the age of coronavirus)
Uploaded: 2020-10-24T18:25:59.000Z
Duration: 18 min 24 s

Hugo: Hello. This is Fake News,  Fact and Fiction from BBC

雨果：你好。這裡是BBC的假新聞，事實與虛構。

Hugo: And as you see we're not  in the studio today. Like in

雨果如你所見，我們今天不在演播室。就像在

many parts of the world we're  practising social distancing

世界上許多地方都在實行社會疏遠制

and working from home. How are  you doing there, Sam?

和在家工作。你在那裡做得怎麼樣，山姆？

Sam: I'm doing OK. Thank  you Hugo, but it is definitely

薩姆：我還行。謝謝你雨果，但它絕對是

a strange world that we're  living in right now, isn't it?

我們現在生活在一個奇怪的世界裡，不是嗎？

And I don't know if you  remember but in our first

我不知道你是否還記得，但在我們的第一部作品中

programme we talked about  stories going viral, so

節目中，我們談到了病毒式傳播的故事，所以。

spreading around the internet  really quickly and well now,

現在在互聯網上傳播的真的很快，很好。

what we have is a real virus that has gone viral.

我們有什麼是一個真正的病毒，已經走了病毒。

Hugo: Indeed. And that is going  to be the focus of today's

雨果：確實如此。而這將是今天的重點。

programme. This pandemic has  seen a large amount of fake

方案。這場大瘟疫中，出現了大量的假

news attached to it. And as we  sit at home browsing the

附帶的新聞。而當我們坐在家裡瀏覽

internet we may have come  across many different stories

在互聯網上，我們可能已經看到了許多不同的故事

and theories of the causes of  the virus or possible cures. So

和病毒的原因或可能的治療方法的理論。所以

today we're looking at fake  news in the era of Covid-19.

今天我們來看看Covid-19時代的假新聞。

But before we get to that Sam,  do you have some vocabulary for us?

但在我們開始之前，山姆，你有一些詞彙給我們嗎？

Sam: Yes I do. So today I'm  focusing on some useful

山姆：是的，我是這樣做的。所以今天我專注於一些有用的

vocabulary you might use if you  think that what you've seen

如果你認為你所看到的，你可能會使用的詞彙。

Red flags are often used as a  warning sign. In fact in

紅旗常常被當作一種警示信號。其實在

Britain when motor cars were  first used on the streets the

在英國，當汽車開始在大街上使用時，英國的汽車就開始在大街上使用。

law said that you had to have  someone walking in front of the

法律說，你必須有一個人走在前面的。

vehicle carrying a red flag to  warn other road users. These

攜帶紅旗的車輛，以警告其他道路使用者。這些

days if a piece of information  or a social media post

天，如果一條資訊或一個社交媒體的帖子。

'raises a red flag' it means  you are suspicious that it

"引發了一個紅色的標誌"，這意味著你是懷疑，它

There are many red flags to  watch out for. For example a

有很多危險信號需要注意。例如，一個

post that says something like  'the media doesn't want you to

帖子上說，類似 "媒體不希望您

know this' or maybe it's a meme  or a quote that claims that a

知道這一點"，或者也許是一個備忘錄或一句話，聲稱一個。

politician you don't like has  said or done something

terrible. These posts might be  easy to share or they might

可怕的。這些職位可能很容易分享，或者它們可能會

even say 'you must share this!'  or 'share this if you agree'.

甚至說'你必須分享這個！'或'如果你同意就分享這個'。

Those are some examples of red  flags that could make you doubt

這些都是一些可能讓你懷疑的危險信號的例子。

We all like to share things and  we all like it when things we

我們都喜歡分享的東西，我們都喜歡它，當我們的東西。

share are liked. But before you  hit that share button it's a

分享都喜歡。但在你點擊分享按鈕之前，是一個

good idea to fact-check the information the

好的想法，以事實證明資訊的真實性。

verb fact-check, first used in  the 1970s, simply means to

動詞，最早用於70年代，簡單來說就是

check the facts to confirm that  the information is true.

There are quite a few fact- checking websites which can

有相當多的事實檢查網站，它可以

help you to verify, prove,  or debunk, disprove,

幫你驗證、證明，或者揭穿、反駁。

the information. Debunk, a verb  from the 1920s, means to prove

的資訊。Debunk，是20世紀20年代的一個動詞，意思是證明。

or demonstrate that something  is not true that it is

completely false. So fact- checking can help you to debunk

完全是假的。所以，事實調查可以幫助你揭穿。

在社交媒體上提出的虛假主張。

Now you might be wondering, as  there is a word debunk, is

現在你可能會疑惑，既然有一個詞debunk，是

there a word bunk? Well yes  there is but it's not a verb

有bunk這個詞嗎？是的，有，但不是動詞

it's a noun. Bunk and also  bunkum are words that mean

是個名詞。Bunk and also bunkum are words that mean the

nonsense. Interestingly they  are political in origin and

胡說八道。有趣的是，它們是政治性的，而且

come from the county of Buncombe  in the United States. This

county was represented by a  politician who talked a lot

縣長是一位口若懸河的政治家。

without saying anything  important. So he talked bunkum.

卻沒有說什麼重要的話。所以他說的都是廢話。

Hugo: Very interesting Sam, it  certainly wasn't bunkum but

雨果非常有趣的薩姆，這當然不是胡說八道，但。

there was a piece of fake news  there wasn't there? 'Back to

Sam: Yes, well spotted. I did  record that section before I

薩姆：是的，很到位。我沒有記錄這部分之前，我

knew that we would be filming  from home for this episode so I

我知道這一集我們會在家裡拍攝，所以我... ...

Hugo: Of course, now this  pandemic has been dominating

雨果。當然，現在這種流行病已經佔據了主導地位。

the news for a long time now  and there are many legitimate

新聞由來已久，有很多合法的。

areas of discussion to do with  restrictions of movement,

Sam: But we've also seen a lot  of different theories about the

山姆：但我們也看到了很多不同的理論，關於

virus which are not supported  by any evidence but which many

的病毒，但許多人卻沒有任何證據支持。

people have still shared . Some  of these are what are known as

人們仍然分享著 。其中有些是所謂的

Hugo: And examples of  conspiracy theories are that

the earth is flat or that the  moon landings were fake and

地球是平的，或者說登月是假的，而且

even though these theories are  comprehensively debunked some

儘管這些理論已被全面推翻，但一些

people still strongly  believe them. To find out more

人們仍然堅信它們。要了解更多

about conspiracy theories we  spoke to Professor Joe

關於陰謀論，我們採訪了喬教授。

Uscinski. He's an associate  professor of political science

at the University of Miami and  the author of the book

在邁阿密大學工作，並撰寫了 "我的名字 "一書。

'Conspiracy Theories, a  Primer'. We asked him first to

define the term conspiracy  theory and why people

定義陰謀論一詞，以及為什麼人們

A conspiracy theory is an  allegation or an idea that a

陰謀論是一種指控或想法，即：

small group of powerful people  are working in secret to effect

an event or circumstance in a  way that benefits them and

harms the common good. And  further this theory hasn't been

損害了公共利益。而且進一步說，這種理論還沒有

confirmed by the people we  would look to to confirm such

events. There is nothing new  about conspiracy theories and

you can find them if you look  through almost any historical

你可以找到他們，如果你翻閱幾乎所有的歷史，你可以找到他們

So for example the United  States Declaration of

Independence has a few  paragraphs about politics. But

獨立》有幾段關於政治的內容。但是

then once you read  beneath that, it's largely a

那麼一旦你讀到下面的內容，它主要是一個。

list of conspiracy theories  about the king of England. So

關於英國國王的陰謀論列表。所以

they exist amongst all people  at all times. They're very much

他們無時無刻不存在於所有人中間。他們是非常

a human constant. People like  to have their ideas make sense

人的常態。人們喜歡讓自己的想法有意義

when in combination with each  other. So in order for someone

互相結合的時候。所以，為了讓某人

to adopt a conspiracy theory  that theory has to match with

採用陰謀論的理論，該理論必須與。

So for example if you really  like President Obama, you're

所以，比如說，如果你真的喜歡奧巴馬總統，你就是

probably not going to think  that he faked his birth

certificate to illegally become  president. If you really like

非法當總統的證書。如果你真的喜歡

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假新聞。事實與虛構--冠狀病毒時代的假新聞 (Fake News: Fact and Fiction - Fake news in the age of coronavirus)

stuff

specific

crucial

absolutely