My name is M.

我叫M.

Jackson, and I'm a geographer and glaciologist and National Geographic Explorer.

傑克遜，我是地理學家和冰川學家，國家地理探險家。

We have got great data that saying the majority of the ice worldwide is melting.

我們有很好的數據表明，全球大部分冰層正在融化。

It's responding to climate change with negative mass balance.

這是用負品質平衡來應對氣候變化。

There's a lot of different mechanisms, but very generally we can say our temperatures air getting warm.

有很多不同的機制，但很一般的我們可以說我們的溫度空氣變暖。

That's having a negative effect on the ice, and the ice is getting smaller.

這對冰面產生了負面影響，冰面越來越小。

Theo work.

西奧工作。

Ideo really tries to address the question.

Ideo真的試圖解決這個問題。

What's gonna happen as the world's ice melts?

世界冰雪融化後會發生什麼？

Embedded in that question is, what can we do?

這個問題中蘊含的是，我們能做什麼？

Yeah, so that's why I work along this whole south coast of Iceland region largest ice cap in Iceland and all of Europe that new yoga is right here hundreds of years ago, when say, I don't know, the Taj Mahal was being built.

是的，所以這就是為什麼我在整個冰島南岸地區工作的原因 冰島和整個歐洲最大的冰蓋，新的瑜伽就在這裡，幾百年前，當我不知道，泰姬陵被建造的時候。

It was snowing here and that snow was turning into glacial ized.

這裡下著雪，那雪變成了冰川化。

Okay, so when you're looking this what you're licking is snow that fell hundreds of years ago.

好吧，所以當你看這個的時候，你在舔的是幾百年前的雪。

And the town of hop is located where all of these glaciers drained down and so we can see the town right here.

而Hop鎮就位於這些冰川流下的地方 所以我們可以看到小鎮就在這裡。

And then you have all of these different glaciers that are draining down into the lagoons that surround hop.

然後，你有所有這些不同的冰川 排入瀉湖，周圍的跳躍。

And what we see here is that there's a lot of complex physical impacts of glacier milk, and there's a lot of social impacts of glacier mouth whenever we want to visualize sea level rise and glacier mount.

而我們在這裡看到的是，冰川奶有很多複雜的物理影響，還有冰川口有很多的社會影響，只要我們想直觀的看到海平面上升和冰川裝。

Oftentimes we are removing all the variables, and we're just visualizing if all the oceans rose 10 ft 100 ft 200 ft and the way that usually looks at its uniforms.

通常情況下，我們正在刪除所有的變量，我們只是可視化，如果所有的海洋上升10英尺100英尺200英尺，通常看起來它的制服的方式。

But that doesn't take into account geography places where maybe the land is subsiding into the ocean, or places that are marshes or a really important one for anywhere that there are glaciers, land that is rising up.

但是，這並沒有考慮到地理上的地方，也許土地正在下沉到海洋中，或者是沼澤的地方，或者是一個非常重要的地方，有冰川的地方，土地正在上升。

It's rebounding way.

這是反彈的方式。

See a huge change happening in the harbor.

看到港口發生的巨大變化。

So if you imagine in your hand a sponge and you press that sponge down when you take your hand away, that sponge is gonna just spring right on back up.

所以，如果你想象你手中有一塊海綿 當你把手拿開的時候，你把海綿按下去，海綿就會直接彈起來。

That is what is happening here.

這就是這裡的情況。

All of this ice.

所有這些冰。

It's here.

它在這裡。

It press the earth's pressed down and press the island of Iceland down.

它把地球的按捺下來，把冰島島按捺下來。

And so today, as that ice is melting away, Landis springing back up.

所以今天，當冰層融化的時候，蘭迪斯又重新振作起來。

This is called Isis Static Rebound, glacial rebound, These little islands that are springing up that's really great for the town.

這就是所謂的伊希斯靜止回彈，冰川回彈，這些正在興起的小島，對這個小鎮來說真的很不錯。

They pop a house right on their town got bigger.

他們在自己的小鎮上爆出了一棟房子，變得更大了。

But what about the fishing?

但釣魚呢？

Fishing is a huge part of the Icelandic economy, but there's just this one harbor in this whole area that's getting shallower and shallower and shallower.

漁業是冰島經濟的重要組成部分，但就是這整個地區的這一個港口，越來越淺，越來越淺。

Let's have to sit outside of the Harper and wait for high tide.

讓我們不得不坐在哈珀號的外面，等待漲潮。

What's gonna happen to the fish packing plant?

魚類包裝廠會怎麼樣？

What's gonna happen to the biggest industry in this town?

這個鎮上最大的產業會怎麼樣？

Tourism is the second growing industry.

旅遊業是第二大增長產業。

You.

你啊

They're usually no really wizard tourism here, and suddenly people from all over the world, they're coming to see the glaciers before they're gone.

他們這裡平時並沒有真正的巫師旅遊，突然間，來自世界各地的人，都會在冰川消失之前，來這裡看看。

But also they're coming to be inside inside.

但也是他們來做裡面的裡面。

E think they didn't really have a business in the winter.

E認為他們在冬天並沒有真正的生意。

They know how blobs in the winter there, guiding into these ice tastes.

他們知道如何在冬天有綻放，引導到這些冰的味道。

They're making Lindsay and widely, even with.

他們在讓林賽和廣，甚至與。

But the hard bit about this is that a lot of these ice caves are made because glaciers are melting quicker.

但難的是，這些冰洞很多都是因為冰川融化得比較快。

That's the paradox.

這就是悖論。

E look, a all of that physical geography, aspects of ice, and I add all the social aspect.

你看，一個所有的物理地理，冰的方面，我加上所有的社會方面。

We put it together.

我們把它放在一起。

We get a whole picture of what's happening.

我們得到了一個完整的畫面發生了什麼。

The oceans are so, so vast, but they are often controlled and shaped by glaciers.

海洋是如此的，如此的遼闊，但它們往往是由冰川控制和塑造的。

So if you are standing looking at your coastline during our last ice age, the ocean was about 400 ft lower than it is today.

所以如果你站在海岸線上看上一個冰河時代的時候 海洋比現在低了大約400英尺

That's because those glaciers they held mawr of that water in the form of ice.

那是因為那些冰川以冰的形式儲存了大量的水。

The flip side of that is today.

反過來說，就是今天。

Those glaciers were melting and they're releasing.

那些冰川在融化，它們在釋放。

It is the nature of a glacier melting glaciers.

這是冰川融化冰川的本質。

They're always melting.

他們總是在融化。

They've always melted throughout history.

它們在歷史上總是融化的。

But what is so different today is the rate of milk.

但如今不同的是，牛奶的速度。

Never in human history have we ever single acres milk as quick as they are melting today on that's gonna make the sea levels rise.

人類歷史上從來沒有一畝地的牛奶像今天這樣快速融化，會使海平面上升。

So how do you get connected to these glaciers?

那麼如何與這些冰川聯繫起來呢？

If you're living, say, in New Jersey or you're living in Florida or Washington State, there's gonna be more precipitation, which means in some places, more snow or in other places, more rain, which means more volume in our rivers and our lakes and marshes.

如果你住在新澤西州 或者你住在佛羅里達州或華盛頓州 會有更多的降水，這意味著在一些地方，更多的雪 或者在其他地方，更多的雨，這意味著更多的體積 在我們的河流和湖泊和沼澤。

The more I started to study glaciers, the more people would ask me questions that placed that glacier in a context of people.

我越是開始研究冰川，越是有人會問我一些問題，把那冰川放在人的背景中。

I started a have to have conversations about fish.

我開始了一個不得不談魚的話題。

I started to have to have conversations about forests and sheep.

我開始不得不對森林和羊進行對話。

I had to have conversations about rivers shifting.

我不得不就河流的變化進行對話。

I can look at how people understand what is happening here, the ice today, and I'm able then to understand.

我可以看看人們如何理解這裡發生的事情，今天的冰塊，我就能夠理解。

How do people respond to change so many of the young people that I work with?

我工作的這麼多年輕人，大家是如何應對變化的？

They are yes, Climate change is happening.

他們是的，氣候變化正在發生。

Yes, the glaciers are melting.

是的，冰川正在融化。

And yes, I individually have the power to affect a positive change.

是的，我個人有能力影響一個積極的變化。

Out of that, it excites me.

出，這讓我很興奮。

I will totally be honest with you.

我完全會對你說實話。

It really, really does excite me.

這真的，真的讓我很興奮。

Climate change is really, really hard.

氣候變化真的很難，真的很難。

So I work with young people and it re energizes me.

所以我和年輕人一起工作，這讓我充滿活力。

And it makes me excited on off stump, back out in the field, reenergized.

而這讓我興奮的是在關口，回到場上，重新振作起來。

I love I love being out on glaciers E really do think that if we lose our ice way, lose something of our humanity, we're gonna lose a part of who we are if we take away those places where we say, wow, where we say, or more importantly, where we don't say anything at all because we were just so blown away.

我喜歡，我喜歡在冰川上，我真的認為，如果我們失去了我們的冰的方式，失去了我們的人性的東西，我們會失去我們是誰的一部分，如果我們把那些地方，我們說，哇，我們說，或者更重要的是，我們不說什麼，因為我們只是如此吹走。