Name: 澳門是如何成為世界賭城的？ (How Macau Became the World's Gambling Capital)
Uploaded: 2020-10-24T02:36:39.000Z
Duration: 9 min 10 s

情態副詞

This video was made possible by brilliant learn complex concepts simply for 20% off by being one of the 1st 200 to sign up at brilliant dot org's slash real life.

這段視頻是由輝煌學習複雜的概念，簡單的20％的折扣，是前200名註冊在輝煌點組織的斜線現實生活之一。

程度副詞

Lower Macau is a tiny peninsula with some islands that's located in the south of China, but it's not really China.

下澳門是位於中國南部的一個帶有一些島嶼的小半島，但它並不是真正的中國。

情態助動詞 B1

Well, you might not see any difference on a map between the two.

好吧，你可能在地圖上看不出兩者有什麼區別。

Macau has its own independent government, its own money, its own police.

澳門有自己獨立的政府，有自己的錢，有自己的警察。

And if you cross from mainland China into Macau or from a cow into mainland China, you'll need to go through customs and get your passport stamped.

而如果你從中國大陸進入澳門，或者從一頭牛進入中國大陸，你需要通過海關，在護照上蓋章。

This is because Macau is one of two special administrative regions or s a ours of China, the other being nearby Hong Kong across the bay.

這是因為澳門是中國的兩個特別行政區之一，另一個是一灣之隔的香港。

Both Hong Kong and Macau are largely independent autonomous regions that operate their own local governments with minimal interference from Beijing.

香港和澳門基本上都是獨立的自治區，它們在北京的干預下運作著自己的地方政府。

And while Hong Kong largely steals the spotlight from her sister, what with a Disneyland huge skyscrapers with millions of people and massive protests, Macau is just as loud but in a different kind of way.

而香港在很大程度上搶了她姐姐的風頭，什麼迪斯尼樂園巨大的摩天大樓與數百萬人的大規模抗議活動，而澳門也同樣聲勢浩大，但方式不同。

You see gambling in all forms is illegal across the entirety of the People's Republic of China, meaning that it is illegal for 1.4 billion people, or over 18% of the world's population, to partake in the practice.

你看，在整個中華人民共和國境內，各種形式的賭博都是非法的，也就是說，14億人，也就是全世界18%以上的人口參與賭博是非法的。

However, since Hong Kong and Macau have different rules and governments, the laws air difference.

但是，由於香港和澳門的規則和政府不同，法律也有差異。

Hong Kong has some limited betting on horse races and lotteries, but it doesn't have any casinos.

香港有一些有限的賽馬和彩票投注，但沒有賭場。

Macau, on the other hand, has gone crazy with casinos, and you can find 38 of them to choose from today, dotted across the tiny territory, tiny Macau is the only place in China where you can legally gamble inside of casinos.

而澳門則瘋狂的開設了賭場，如今你可以找到38家賭場供你選擇，點綴在小小的領土上，小小的澳門是中國唯一可以在賭場裡面合法賭博的地方。

But Macau's unique situation extends far beyond only China.

但澳門的獨特情況遠不止中國。

Extend the map out and you can see that casino gambling is also illegal in nearby areas like Vietnam, Taiwan and Japan.

把地圖延伸出去，你可以看到，在越南、臺灣、日本等附近地區，賭場賭博也是違法的。

While only two casinos exist in the entire country of South Korea, the concentration of 38 casinos in such a tiny area is unprecedented in East Asia, and it's part of why Macao could be considered the most internationally visited city in the world if you count mainland Chinese and Hong Kong tourists visiting Macau as foreign arrivals, which you might because they do need a passport in order to get in.

雖然韓國整個國家只有兩家賭場，但在這麼小的區域內集中了38家賭場，這在東亞地區是前所未有的，這也是為什麼澳門可以被認為是世界上國際遊客最多的城市的原因之一，如果你把來澳門旅遊的中國大陸和香港遊客算作外國遊客，你可能會這樣做，因為他們確實需要護照才能進入。

Macau easily becomes the most internationally visited city in the world, with nearly 31 million people visiting in 2016 alone or nearly 85,000 people every day.

澳門很容易成為世界上國際遊客最多的城市，僅2016年就有近3100萬人次到澳門旅遊，即每天有近8.5萬人次。

Macau only has a population of 653,000 people living there, which in the tiny space that it occupies, already makes it the most densely populated administrative region of the entire world.

澳門只有65.3萬的居住人口，在它所佔的狹小空間裡，已經是全世界人口最密集的行政區域。

But with the amount of visitors coming in, it means that on any given day, one out of every 10 people that you see in the city is an international tourist.

但隨著遊客數量的增加，這意味著在任何一天，你在城市裡看到的每10個人中就有一個是國際遊客。

Macau, as a small city, generates more dollars in tourism revenue than the entire country of Japan does, and it's gambling Industry is seven times larger than the Las Vegas economy.

澳門作為一個小城市，它的旅遊收入比日本全國的旅遊收入還要多，它的博彩業是拉斯維加斯經濟的7倍。

Macau is indisputably the largest and most profitable gambling center in the world.

澳門是無可爭議的全球最大、最賺錢的賭博中心。

But the story behind how it became this way is both long and fascinating.

但它如何變成這樣，背後的故事既漫長又迷人。

The area of modern day Macau was probably always sparsely inhabited until the Portuguese randomly showed up in the 15 hundreds.

現代澳門地區可能一直以來都是人煙稀少，直到15世紀葡萄牙人隨機出現。

They basically used a big pile of money to bribe a local official into giving them a lease of the Macao Peninsula, and they even began renting the area from the Chinese government every year until things started getting weird.

他們基本上是用一大堆錢賄賂當地官員，讓他們把澳門半島的租借權給了他們，他們甚至開始每年向中國政府租借這裡，直到事情開始變得詭異。

In the 18 hundreds, the British showed up into the picture and began taking over Hong Kong on the other side of the bay and getting millions of Chinese people addicted to opium to make some money.

十八百年，英國人出現了，開始佔領海灣彼岸的香港，並讓數百萬中國人染上鴉片癮，賺了些錢。

China at the time was like a heavyweight boxer, long past his prime that was weak and addicted to drugs and sensing blood in the water.

當時的中國就像一個重量級的拳擊手，早已過了弱不禁風、沉迷於毒品、感應血腥的年紀。

The Portuguese just started refusing to pay the rent from a cow and negotiated with the Ching dynasty in 18 87 for permanent rights to occupy Macau in perpetuity.

葡萄牙人剛開始拒付牛租，1887年與清朝談判，爭取永久佔領澳門的權利。

Since Macau's importance as a trading port had begun diminishing following the British takeover of Hong Kong, the Portuguese decided to legalize gambling in their territory as a way to increase the local government's revenue.

由於英國人接管香港後，澳門作為貿易港的重要性開始下降，葡萄牙人決定在其境內將賭博合法化，以增加當地政府的收入。

Things were pretty simple for a while, with the only gambling consisting of traditional Chinese Fontane houses that paid a license fee to operate to the government's.

一段時間內，情況還算簡單，只有中國傳統的方特行的賭博，向政府的交納經營許可費。

But things started heating up in the 19 thirties, when Macau granted monopoly rights to the entire gambling industry to the Taihang company, but they really sucked, and they didn't really do a whole lot with that.

但事情在三十年代開始升溫，澳門把整個賭博業的壟斷權授予了太行公司，但他們真的很爛，他們並沒有真正做很多事情。

Now we're in World War Two, and Japan has begun taking a rude, unwelcome vacation in China with millions of soldiers.

現在是二戰時期，日本帶著百萬阿兵哥開始在中國粗暴的、不受歡迎的度假。

But the Japanese were much less rude to Macau and respected the tiny Portuguese peninsula without ever attacking her occupying it.

但日本人對澳門就沒有那麼無禮了，他們尊重這個小小的葡萄牙半島，卻從來沒有攻擊過她的佔領地。

Macau kind of became known as a safe haven during the war, and it especially became one afterwards, when China couldn't decide who the real China Waas and millions more people died.

在戰爭期間，澳門算是成為了著名的避風港，尤其是在戰後，中國無法決定誰是真正的華夏，又有數百萬人死去。

Because of that, refugees flooded into Macau and with a new massive workforce, the economy began booming in the 19 sixties, came around and Macau decided to grant the monopoly gambling rights again to a different company that hopefully when it suck as much this time called S t d M.

正因為如此，難民湧入澳門，有了新的大量勞動力，經濟開始蓬勃發展在1960年代，來了，澳門決定將壟斷賭權再次授予不同的公司，希望當它吸這麼多這次叫S t d M。

But yeah, I don't speak Brazilian very well anyway.

不過也是，反正我的巴西語說得也不是很好。

STDM introduced Western style casino games into Macau for the first time and invested heavily into modernizing the marine transportation between Hong Kong and Macau so that the million's of Hong Kongers could easily begin gambling inside of Macau.

澳門新濠天地娛樂場首次將西式賭場遊戲引入澳門，並投入巨資更新香港與澳門之間的海上交通，使百萬香港人可以輕鬆地在澳門境內開賭。

Everything was great until the old problems of there being multiple.

一切都很好，直到有多個老問題。

China's came up once again in the 19 nineties.

中國的在十九世紀九十年代又一次出現了。

The UK gave Hong Kong back to China in 1997 because they signed a treaty back in 18 98.

英國在1997年把香港還給了中國，因為他們早在1898年就簽訂了條約。

從那時起，99年的時間來了，又進去了。

The British peacefully agreed to transfer it back to Chinese rule.

英國人和平地同意將其轉回中國統治。

The Portuguese argued that the treaty they had signed with King China enabled them to keep Macau forever.

葡萄牙人認為，他們與中國國王簽訂的條約使他們可以永遠保留澳門。

But the People's Republic of China wasn't exactly in a listening kind of mood.

但中華人民共和國並不是那種聽話的心情。

And with a population of a jillion times bigger than Portugal's, with millions of soldiers and with a very unsympathetic United Nations, Portugal never really had a choice and they to peacefully transferred Macau back over to China in 1999.

葡萄牙的人口是葡萄牙的十億倍，擁有數百萬阿兵哥，還有一個非常沒有同情心的聯合國，葡萄牙從來沒有真正的選擇，他們在1999年將澳門和平地移交給中國。

China, however, agreed not to interfere in Macau's gambling policy and true to their word, the Macau gambling economy has actually exploded in the years following the transfer.

不過，中國同意不干涉澳門的賭博政策，果然，澳門的賭博經濟在轉會後的幾年裡，實際上已經爆發了。

The S T D M monopoly was ended in 2000 and two, and since then multiple new foreign casino companies have begun operating in the territory and increasing competition by 2000 and seven, The Macau gambling revenues overtook Las Vegas to become the most profitable gambling center in the entire world, and Macao's tourism industry is among the largest in the world.

S T D M的壟斷在2000年和二，此後多家新的外國賭場公司開始在境內經營，競爭日益激烈，到2000年和七，澳門賭博收入超過拉斯維加斯，成為整個世界上最賺錢的賭博中心，澳門的旅遊業也是世界上最大的。

But Macau's heavy reliance on the gambling industry does bring certain problems.

但澳門對博彩業的嚴重依賴，確實帶來了一定的問題。

As of this moment in 2019 taxes on the gambling industry make up a whopping 70% of Macau's government income.

截至2019年此刻，博彩業的稅收佔澳門政府收入的比例高達70%。

The gambling industry is heavily reliant on the prosperity of the people who actually gamble.

賭博業嚴重依賴實際賭博的人的繁榮。

Recessions mean less money to travel there and less money to gamble their meaning that a future recession in either China or Hong Kong or both, which account for 87% of all the tourism in Macau, would severely negatively impact the Macau economy.

經濟衰退意味著去那裡旅遊的錢和賭博的錢都減少了，這意味著未來中國或香港或兩者的經濟衰退都會對澳門經濟造成嚴重的負面影響，而中國或香港的旅遊業佔澳門旅遊業總量的87%。

Further, it's unclear what China's intentions are for the future of the territory.

此外，目前還不清楚中國對該領土的未來有何打算。

China agreed to respect both Hong Kong's and Macau's territorial sovereignty for a period of only 50 years, so until 2047 for Hong Kong in until 2049 or Macau by that time, the world's largest gambling center could be at a risk of ending, Or maybe not.

中國同意尊重香港和澳門的領土主權，期限只有50年，所以直到2047年對香港在直到2049年或澳門屆時，世界上最大的賭博中心可能有結束的風險，或者也許不是。

But only China knows less than 200,000 Americans visited Macao last year while tens of millions of them visited Las Vegas.

但只有中國知道，去年到澳門旅遊的美國人不到20萬，而到拉斯維加斯旅遊的美國人卻有上千萬。

Either way, if you're planning on visiting a casino or gambling and you want to actually win money, it helps to know how to actually play the games there, what to do in specific scenarios and what your chances are and actually winning.

無論哪種方式，如果你打算去賭場或賭博，你想真正贏錢，知道如何實際玩那裡的遊戲，在特定的場景中做什麼，以及你的機會是什麼，實際上贏得了幫助。

After you're dealt a certain hand, you need to learn and understand the principles behind the casino games if you want to stand a good chance.

當你發了一定的牌之後，如果你想獲得好的機會，你需要學習和了解賭場遊戲背後的原理。

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 So go ahead and learn how to play casinos properly or how to dunk on your friends at poker night, and it's always I'll see you next week for another new video, then mm. 

所以，去學習如何正確地玩賭場，或者如何在撲克之夜灌輸給你的朋友，它總是我下週再見另一個新的視頻，然後mm。