My name is Carl Azuz.

我是 Carl Azuz。

It's always good to see you.

總是很開心能見到你們。

First story we're reporting on this October 23rd, the second and final U.S. presidential debate between incumbent Republican President Donald Trump and Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden.

第一個事件是 10 月 23 日，美國現任共和黨總統川普和民主黨總統候選人拜登之間的第二次，也是最後一次的美國總統辯論。

It was held at Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee.

它在田納西州 Nashville 的貝爾蒙特大學舉行。

It's a major event in the U.S. election process.

這是美國選舉過程中最主要的活動。

And the night before the debate, the director of national intelligence and the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation held a news conference.

在辯論的前一天晚上，國家情報局局長和聯邦調查局局長召開了新聞發佈會。

They said the nations of Iran and Russia had taken steps to interfere with the election and spread false information about it.

他們表示，伊朗和俄羅斯兩國干預了選舉的步驟，並散播選舉的假消息。

So the U.S government warned Americans to be on guard concerning the stories they read on email and social media.

所以美國政府警告美國人要留意他們在電子郵件和社群媒體上看的新聞報導。

The planned debate topics were titled: "Fighting COVID-19, "American Families," "Race in America," "Climate Change," "National Security" and "Leadership."

預定的辯論主題為「對抗新冠肺炎」、「美國家庭」、「美國種族」、「氣候變化」、「國家安全」和「領導力」。

They were chosen by debate moderator Kristen Welker, an anchor and correspondent for NBC News.

這些題目是由辯論主持人 Kristen Welker 選出，她是 NBC 新聞的主播和記者。

And while CNN.com will have full coverage of the debate, we're gonna focus on the first topic today because it's affected so many people around the world.

雖然 CNN.com 將對辯論進行全面報導，但我們今天要關注的是第一個辯論主題，因為它影響了全世界的人。

Here's an idea of how the two major party candidates addressed the coronavirus pandemic.

接著，來看看兩大黨候選人是如何應對新冠肺炎的。

So as you know, 2.2 million people modeled out were expected to die.

如你所知，預計將有 220 萬人喪命。

We closed up the greatest economy in the world in order to fight this horrible disease that came from China.

我們封鎖了世上最大的經濟體，以對抗來自中國的可怕疾病。

It's a worldwide pandemic.

這是個遍及世界的流行病。

It's all over the world.

全世界都有疫情。

You see the spikes in Europe and many other places right now.

看看歐洲和許多地方現在的峰值。

If you notice, the mortality rate is down 85 percent.

如果你有注意到，死亡率下降了85%。

The excess mortality rate is way down and much lower than almost any other country, and we're fighting it, and we're fighting it hard.

超額死亡率大幅下降，比其他國家都要低得多，我們正在與之抗爭，而且很努力。

We have a vaccine that's coming.

我們研發的疫苗即將問世。

It's ready.

它已準備就緒。

It's going to be announced within weeks, and it's going to be delivered.

近幾周內就會公開，且將會被發送出去。

We have Operation Warp Speed, which is the military is going to distribute the vaccine.

我們有「曲率極速行動」，是軍方將會分發疫苗。

I can tell you from personal experience that I was in the hospital, I had it and I got better.

我可以用我的親身經歷告訴你，我曾得到新冠肺炎在住院，而我被醫治了。

And I will tell you that I had something that they gave me, a therapeutic I guess they would call it.

我告訴你，他們給我一個東西幫我治療。

Some people could say it was a cure, but I was in for a short period of time.

有些人可以說它是一種治療，但我的治療時間很短。

And I got better, very fast or I wouldn't be here tonight.

我好得很快，否則今晚就不會在這裡了。

And now they say I'm immune whether it's four months or a lifetime, nobody has been able to say that, but I'm immune.

而現在他們說我已經免疫了，不管是四個月還是一輩子，都沒有人能夠這樣說，但我免疫了。

And we're in a circumstance where the president thus far still has no plan, no comprehensive plan.

我們現在的情況是到目前為止，總統仍然沒有計劃、沒有全面的計劃。

What I would do is make sure we have everyone encouraged to wear a mask all the time.

我會做的是確保我們鼓勵大家隨時戴著口罩。

I would make sure we move in the direction of rapid testing, investing in rapid testing.

我會確保我們朝著快速測試、投資於快速測試方向進行。

I would make sure that we set up national standards as to how to open up schools and open up businesses so they could be safe and give them the wherewithal, the financial resources, to be able to do that.

我會確保我們建立國家的準則，讓人民在重回學校、企業可以安全，並給他們足夠的資金。

We have to open our country.

我們要開放我們的國家。

We're not gonna have a country.

我們不會擁有一個國家。

You can't do this.

你不能這樣做。

We can't keep this country closed.

我們不能把這個國家封鎖起來。

This is a massive country with a massive economy.

我們是個有著大規模經濟的強國。

We have to open our country.

我們要開放我們的國家。

You know, I've said it often.

你知道，我經常說。

The cure cannot be worse than the problem itself, and that's what's happening.

解決方案不能比問題本身更糟糕，這就是事實。

And he wants to close down.

而他還想封鎖。

He'll close down the country if one person in our in our massive bureaucracy says we should close it down.

如果我們龐大的官僚體系裡有一個人說我們應該封鎖這個國家，他就會照做。

I'm not shutting down today, but there are...

我今天沒有要封城，而是...

Look, they need standard.

聽著，他們需要標準。

The standard is if you have a reproduction rate in a community that's above a certain level, everybody says: Slow up, more social distancing.

標準是如果你所在社區的生育率高於一定的水準，大家就會說：慢點，我們需要保持社交距離。

Do not open bars and do not open gymnasiums.

不要開酒吧、不要開健身房。

Do not open until you get this under control, under more control.

在把疫情控制好之前，都不要開業。

But when you do open, give the people the capacity to be able to open and have the capacity to do it safely.

但當你真的開了，要給人民開業的能力，並且要能確保安全。

We ought to be able to walk and chew gum at the same time.

我們應該要能一邊走路、一邊嚼口香糖。

We ought to be able to safely open.

我們應該能安全地開業。

But they would need resources to open.

他們需要資源。

You need to be able to, for example, if you're gonna open a business, have social distancing within the business.

他們需要有能力，例如，如果你要開公司，在公司內部你需要保持社交距離。

You need to have, if you have a restaurant, you need to have plexiglass dividers, so people cannot infect one another.

如果你要開餐廳，你就需要有機玻璃隔板，人們才不會互相傳染。

You need to be in a position where you can take testing rapidly and know whether a person is in fact infected.

你要能夠可以快速地檢測，並知道他人是否有真的被感染。

You need to be able to trace.

你要能夠有後續追蹤。

You need to be able to provide all the resources that are needed to do this.

你要能提供做以上這些事需要的所有資源。

10 second trivia!

十秒問答！

In metric units, which of these prefixes means "billion"?

在公制單位裡，下列前綴中哪個表示「十億」？

Kilo, mega, giga or tera?

千、百萬、十億、兆？

These prefixes are in order of 1000, million, billion and trillion, with giga denoting billion.

這些前綴依序為 千、百萬、十億、兆，其中 Giga- 表示十億。

But when it comes to wildfires, the term giga is used a little differently.

但當提到野火，「giga 」這個詞的用法就有些不同了。

A "gigafire" denotes a value of one million, as opposed to one billion.

在「gigafire」中，它代表 100 萬的價值，而不是十億。

The term has been around for a few years now, and it's been applied to several massive blazes throughout history, including one burning in California right now.

這個詞已經存在了好幾年了，歷史上有好幾次大規模的大火，包括加州正在經歷的那場大火。

It's called the August Complex Fire.

現在，它被稱為八月複合大火。

It's mostly contained, meaning it's mostly blocked from spreading further.

大部分都被控制住了，也就是說幾乎都被阻擋住了，大火無法進一步擴散。

But the damage has already been done.

但傷害已造成了。

It's part of a highly active fire season across the United States.

這是火災季美國各地火勢最大的一部分。?

This isn't the worst in national history, at least not at this point,

這不是全國史上最糟糕的，至少現在不是。

The National Interagency Fire Center says since 1983 there have been two years when wildfires burned more than 10 million acres and 2020 hasn't seen that yet.

國家機構間消防中心表示，自 1983 年以來，有兩年野火燒燬面積超過 1000 萬畝，而 2020 年還沒發生。

It's also possible that decades of fires before 1953 were much worse.

也有可能 1953 年前幾十年的火災更嚴重。

But the NIFC says data from them isn't as reliable.

但 NIFC 表示，他們的數據不太可靠。

Lightning strikes are responsible for igniting many wildfires.

雷擊是引燃許多野火的罪魁禍首。

So are people, through everything from campfires to fireworks to arson.

透過放篝火、施放煙火、縱火，人類的活動也是原因之一。

For the more recent blazes, especially the ones in California, some experts and politicians have blamed a warming climate for higher temperatures and more severe droughts, which makes severe fires more likely.

對於最近的大火，尤其是加州的大火，專家和政治家們將溫度上升和嚴重的乾旱歸咎於氣候暖化，這使猛烈的火災更有可能發生。

Some experts and politicians have blamed bad land management, not doing enough to remove dense forest vegetation, which helps fires spread more easily.

一些專家和政治家們指責糟糕的土地管理，清除茂密森林植被的工作不完全，而這使火災更容易蔓延。

Whatever the causes are, our CNN 10 contributor Tyler Mauldin explains the effects across the Golden State. Tyler:

無論原因是什麼，我們 CNN 10 的研究者 Tyler Mauldin 解釋了它對整個金州的影響。

Carl, California's largest wildfire ever, recently became a gigafire.

Carl，加州有史以來最大的野火，最近成了gigafire。

It's a term the U.S. hasn't had to use in more than a decade.

這是美國十幾年來沒有用過的名詞。

I'm referring to the August Complex Fire in northern California.

我指的是加州北部的八月複合大火。

It's taken the top spot for the largest fire in California history and has now burned more than one million acres.

它奪得了加州史上最大野火的頭銜，目前已經燒毀了超過 100 萬英畝的土地。

Once the wildfire burns one million acres or more, it gets coined as a gigafire.

一旦野火燒了 100 萬畝以上的土地，就會被稱為 gigafire 。

This is one notch above a mega fire, which experts used when, as you may have guessed, a fire has scorched 100,000 acres or more.

這比 mega fire 還高一等，而專家使用到這個詞時，你可能已經猜到了，火勢已經燒毀了 10 萬畝以上的土地。

The country's most recent gigafire was the 2004 Taylor Complex Fire in Alaska.

國內最近一次的 gigafire 是 2004 年阿拉斯加泰勒大火。

Before that, it was the Yellowstone fires in 1988.

在此之前，是 1988 年的黃石公園大火。

So this is yet another unfortunate superlative for an already record breaking fire season.

因此，對於一個已經破紀錄的火災季，這又是一個不幸到極點的大事件。

The U.S. has had tens of thousands of fires this year.

美國今年已經發生了數以萬計的火災。

Many of these have been large wildfires, leading to more than 8.3 million acres burned, way more than we would see in a normal year.

其中許多都是大規模野火，導致 830 多萬英畝的土地被燒毀，比我們正常年還要多。

Half of that 8.3 million has occurred in California alone, making this year the states worst year on record, according to Cal Fire.

根據加州消防局的數據，830 萬英畝被燒毀的土地有一半在加州，使該州今年成為史上最糟糕的一年。

And speaking of the history books, this fire season has not only given way to the largest fire ever in California.

而談到歷史紀錄，火災季不僅造成加州有史以來最大的火災。

It's also produced five of the six largest fires on record for the state.

它還造成該州史上六次最大火災中的五次。

Probably seems like something called a "diabolical ironclad beetle" would be pretty tough.

有一種叫做「惡魔鐵甲蟲」的生物非常強悍。

Well, it is so tough you can run over it with a car, and the beetle is still ticking.

它很堅固，你可以用車碾壓它，而它依然能存活。

Scientists wanted to find out why, and in a new study published in the journal Nature, they credit to interlocking lids over the Beetles back for protecting it.

科學家們想找出原因，在《自然》期刊上發表的一項新研究中，他們把它歸功於在鐵甲蟲背上保護它的連鎖結構的殼。

These things fit together like a jigsaw puzzle, and that helps the beetle spread any force that's applied to it across its body.

這些東西像拼圖一樣拼在一起，這有助於鐵甲蟲將施加在它身上的力，分散至全身。

Researchers are hopeful that studying this beetle will allow them to invent new and stronger materials for better engineering in the things we build.

研究人員希望透過研究這種鐵甲蟲能讓他們發明出新的、更穩固的材料，使工程設計進步。

It's back is strong, It's name is bad and it walks to the beetle of a different drum.

它的背殼很堅硬，它的名字如惡魔一樣壞，它就像各種不同行走的鼓。

Some try to crush it, but it's ironclad, withstanding weight thousands of times its own.

有些人試圖粉碎它，但它是一塊能承受比自己重幾千倍重量的鐵板。

Unlike the Beatles, it won't sing "help."

它不是披頭四，它不會唱「救命」。

If the Nowhere Man gives it a hard day's night.

如果「無名氏」給它一個艱難的一夜。

It's lids come together to save its hide.

它的殼會拯救它的皮。

Its ticket to survive makes it feel alright.

它的免死金牌讓它安然無恙。

I'm Carl Azuz, and Fridays are awesome, especially for the students of Wentzville, Missouri, who get today's shoutout at Timberland High School.

我是 Carl Azuz，星期五都很美好，尤其是密蘇里州溫茨維爾 Timberland 中學的學生們，今天我們向他們表達致意。

Have a great weekend from all of us at CNN.

CNN 的大家，祝你們週末愉快。