In fact, six of the state's most destructive wildfires have happened in the last four years.

事實上，該州最具破壞性的六場野火發生在過去四年。

In 2018 alone, fire scorched nearly two million acres.

僅2018年，火災就燒燬了近200萬畝。

It was California's deadliest and most destructive wildfire season ever recorded.

這是加州有史以來最致命、破壞力最強的野火季。

This year, the electric company PG and E even preemptively shut off power in areas of Northern California to reduce the risk of igniting ablaze.

今年，電力公司PG和E公司甚至預先關閉了北加州地區的電力，以減少點燃燃燒的風險。

Yeah, so are the prevention techniques we're currently using Enough.

是啊，我們目前使用的預防技術也夠了。

Or is there something more Californians can do to control these wildfires?

或者說，加州人還能做些什麼來控制這些野火？

Fire management and prevention can look very different, depending on which part of the state you live in.

火災管理和預防可以看起來非常不同，這取決於你住在哪個地方。

We have two very different types of fires that are driven by two very different factors.

我們有兩種非常不同類型的火災，它們是由兩種非常不同的因素驅動的。

Many of our fires occur in the northern part of the state in the Sierra Nevada, and the primary reason for some of Northern California's most severe forest fires is a buildup of brush on the forest floor.

我們的許多火災發生在該州北部的內華達山脈，北加州一些最嚴重的森林火災的主要原因是林地上灌木叢的堆積。

Historically, California forests naturally cleared this brush through smaller, more frequent fires.

歷史上，加州森林通過更小、更頻繁的火災自然地清除了這些灌木。

But with the founding of the U.

但隨著美國的成立。

S.

S.

Forest Service in the early 19 hundreds, the U.

林局在19世紀初，美國。

S government began putting out these fires.

S政府開始撲滅這些火災。

We have many forests, UH, in the northern part of the state that have gone a century without fire.

我們有許多森林，UH，在該州的北部地區，已經走了一個世紀沒有火。

And that was one of the most important factor factors in the Northern California fires of 2018.

而這也是2018年北加州火災中最重要的因素因素之一。

So in Northern California, one effective method of dealing with this accumulation of fuels is prescribed burning.

所以在北加州，處理這種燃料積累的有效方法之一就是規定燃燒。

The goal is to light a fire under safe conditions in order to clear out the dead plants and underbrush that can act as fuel for the most severe, uncontrollable wildfires.

目標是在安全的條件下點火，以清除可作為最嚴重的、不可控制的野火的燃料的死亡植物和灌木叢。

Fires will burn no matter what.

無論怎樣，火都會燒起來。

But with this technique, firefighters can control when, where and how much they burn.

但有了這項技術，消防員可以控制燃燒的時間、地點和程度。

If you talk to people who fight fires, they'll tell you there's no question in their mind that they could see the change in fire behavior when they reach Ah prescribed burn area and how much easier it is to extinguish the fire once it reaches those areas.

如果你和那些救火的人交談，他們會告訴你，毫無疑問，他們可以看到火災行為的變化，當他們到達啊規定的燃燒區域，以及如何更容易地滅火，一旦它到達這些區域。

But between 1998 and 2018 less than 3% of all controlled burns in the country happened in California, and that's pretty low when you consider that more wildfires have burned in California over the last five years than in every other US state except Texas.

但在1998年至2018年期間，全國所有控制性燒傷中只有不到3%發生在加州，如果你考慮到過去五年來加州燒燬的野火比除德克薩斯州以外的美國其他州都要多，那麼這個數字就相當低了。

But prescription burns wouldn't work everywhere.

但是，處方燒也不是哪裡都能用的。

In fact, in Southern California, it might actually make things worse due to a number of reasons, including the most obvious being near large metropolitan areas.

事實上，在南加州，由於一些原因，包括最明顯的是在大都市附近，它實際上可能會使事情變得更糟。

The devastating campfire, for instance, happened as a result of extreme wind conditions, not from a buildup of dense brush.

例如，毀滅性的篝火是由於極端的風況而發生的，而不是因為密集的灌木叢堆積。

So when it comes to wind driven fires here, something's Californians can do to protect their homes.

所以，當涉及到風力驅動的火災時，加州人可以做一些事情來保護他們的家園。

The type of Eve's you have on your home can make a big difference in whether your home survives.

你家裡的夏娃的類型對你的房子是否能存活有很大的影響。

Auras burned and ive is basically the edge of a roof, and having closed eaves makes it harder for embers to enter the home.

靈氣被燒燬，而ive基本上是屋頂的邊緣，有封閉的屋簷，使火種更難進入家中。

Other things like single pain versus double paned windows.

其他如單痛與雙層窗。

Not surprisingly, thicker windows will do a better job of standing up to high heat than thinner windows.

不足為奇的是，較厚的窗戶會比較薄的窗戶更能抵禦高熱。

Clearing dried leaves and brush off of your roof and gutters leaves less letter for fires to catch flame.

清理屋頂和排水溝上的幹樹葉和刷子，減少火災著火的信。

By installing a sprinkler system on your roof, you can catch embers early on and prevent rooftops and other homes from igniting.

通過在屋頂上安裝噴淋系統，可以及早發現火苗，防止屋頂和其他房屋被引燃。

Planting mawr well.

種好毛毛雨。

Water trees around buildings can also increase the chances of a structure surviving a wildfire.

建築物周圍的水樹也可以增加建築物在野火中倖存的機會。

We often think the best way to protect our homes is to get rid of all the vegetation around the home.

我們常常認為保護家園的最好方法就是把家裡周圍的植物全部清除掉。

But it turns out in these wind driven fires, when you completely clear the landscape, the winds blow unobstructed across your landscape and bring Amber's right to your home.

但事實證明，在這些風帶動的火種中，當你完全清空景觀時，風會毫無遮攔地吹過你的景觀，並把琥珀的就帶到你的家中。

If you have trees that air green, those trees can actually collect the embers.

如果你有空氣綠色的樹木，這些樹木實際上可以收集火種。

What we call amber catchers cutting off power to homes can also help.

我們所說的琥珀捕手切斷家庭電源也是有幫助的。

Dry, windy weather, compounded by extreme drought conditions and an expanding power grid, have made the perfect environment for power line sparks to ignite massive wildfires.

乾燥、多風的天氣，加上極端乾旱的條件和不斷擴大的電網，為電線火花點燃大規模野火提供了完美的環境。

In the last decade, probably our worst fires, at least wind driven fires have been ignited by power line failures.

在過去的十年裡，可能是我們最嚴重的火災，至少是由電力線路故障引發的風動火災。

But cutting power alone isn't a long term fix for this problem.

但僅靠斷電並不是解決這個問題的長久之計。

Utility company could respond to this.

公用事業公司可以對此作出迴應。

One could be to put in underground power lines, and then you have less chance of a failure and igniting a fire.

一個可以是在地下鋪設電源線，那麼你發生故障和引燃火災的機會就少了。

California fires are also compound it by the state's growing population.

加利福尼亞州的火災也因該州不斷增長的人口而雪上加霜。

You see, the majority of wildfires are human caused, so a bigger population means more chances for arson and accidental fires that can grow out of control.

你看，大部分的野火都是人為造成的，所以人口越多，縱火和意外火災的機會就越多，就會失控。

So a longer term solution for this could be better community planning way.

所以，長期解決這個問題的方法可以是更好的社區規劃方式。

Need to think better about how to plan, uh, communities.

需要更好地思考如何規劃，呃，社區。

But part of the problem is, is the state's growing?

但部分問題是，國家的發展嗎？

And just in the last 20 years, we see this massive increase in fires well, we've also had six million more people added to the state.

而就在過去的20年裡，我們看到了火災的大量增加... ...好吧，我們也有600萬以上的人口增加到這個國家。

The next 30 years we're going to see another 20 million.

未來30年，我們會再看到2000萬。

And so we need to think, How do we plan communities so that we can reduce the possibility that people will ignite thes fires during extreme wind events?

所以我們需要思考，我們如何規劃社區，以減少人們在極端風事件中點火的可能性？

And finally, combating global warming will also play a crucial role in the future of California's wildfires.

最後，應對全球變暖也將對加州未來的野火起到至關重要的作用。

According to a recent report, Northern California summers have gotten 2.5 degrees warmer since 1970 hotter weather causes drier, dry seasons and especially affect areas like northern California forests.

根據最近的一份報告，自1970年以來，北加州的夏天已經變熱了2.5度，炎熱的天氣會導致更乾燥，乾燥的季節，特別是影響北加州森林等地區。

Okay, slowing down or stopping this warming trajectory could potentially play a role in the intensity and severity of wildfires in the years to come.

好吧，減緩或停止這種變暖的軌跡，有可能在未來幾年的野火強度和嚴重程度上發揮作用。