Name: 為什麼飛機不飛越西藏上空？ (Why Planes Don't Fly Over Tibet)
Uploaded: 2020-10-24T00:01:25.000Z
Duration: 10 min 14 s

基礎被動語態

this video was made possible by curiosity Stream.

When you sign up for an annual subscription, you'll also get access to Nebula, my own streaming site co founded with dozens of other educational creators.

當你註冊年費時，你還將獲得星雲的訪問權，星雲是我與其他幾十個教育創作者共同創建的自己的流媒體網站。

Airplanes can travel for thousands of kilometers across the world.

飛機可以在世界範圍內飛行數千公里。

Rockets have landed men on the moon, and Elon Musk wants the land men on Mars.

火箭已經讓人登陸月球，埃隆-馬斯克也想讓人登陸火星。

Within the next couple years, the world has been made so small by us that it's easy to overlook some of the for gotten parts.

在未來幾年內，世界已經被我們變得很小，很容易忽略一些為得到的部分。

For example, airplanes are traveling through.

This guy's pretty much everywhere on Earth at all times.

這傢伙在地球上幾乎無處不在，隨時隨地。

But if you were to open up a live global air traffic map right now and pan over to Asia, you'll see nothing over this massive area of the continent.

但如果你現在打開全球空中交通實況圖，平移到亞洲，你就會發現在這塊大陸的大面積上空什麼都看不到。

Regardless of whenever you do this, it always appears that all of the world's airplanes are simply avoiding this huge area and going out of their way to fly around it like it's some kind of forbidden zone to travel over or fly through.

不管什麼時候，總覺得世界上所有的飛機都只是避開這塊巨大的區域，不顧一切地繞著它飛，就像它是某種禁區，不能在上面行駛或飛過。

And it's not like this is the middle of the ocean.

This is a huge area of land directly over Asia, the world's most heavily populated continent.

這裡是世界上人口最多的大陸--亞洲的正上方，有一大片土地。

那麼為什麼會出現這種情況呢？

Well, there's a lot of reasons, but before we get into that, you need to know about aviation history in the region.

嗯，有很多原因，但在我們討論這個問題之前，你需要了解該地區的航空歷史。

The dead zone in question is over a geographic region known as the Tibetan Plateau, and it's one of the world's biggest wastelands.

有關的死區在一個被稱為青藏高原的地理區域上空，它是世界上最大的荒原之一。

在南極洲和格陵蘭島北部之後。

The Tibetan plateau is the least hospitable place for humans to live in the entire world and is the most sparsely populated.

青藏高原是整個世界上最不適合人類居住的地方，也是人煙最稀少的地方。

It's an area that's over five times larger than France, but only has a population of a little over 14 million people across the seven countries that it spans over.

它的面積是法國的5倍多，但在它橫跨的7個國家中，人口只有1400多萬。

So few people live here because the plateau's average elevation is over 4500 m tall, making the Tibetan plateau the highest geographic region in the world and earning it the nickname the roof of the world.

所以很少有人在這裡生活，因為高原的平均海拔超過4500米，使青藏高原成為世界上海拔最高的地理區域，也是以獲得了世界屋脊的美稱。

The nickname is aptly deserved because the roof of the world has been one of the world's biggest obstacles to aviation for decades.

這個綽號是當之無愧的，因為幾十年來，世界屋脊一直是世界上最大的航空障礙之一。

The first large scale attempt to fly across the plateau was during the Second World War, when the allies in what was then British India needed to airlift supplies into China to assist them in the fight against the Japanese.

第一次大規模嘗試飛越高原是在第二次世界大戰期間，當時英屬印度的盟軍需要將物資空運到中國，協助他們抗擊日軍。

The route wasn't especially far simply from eastern India into Kunming in China, a distance of just a little over 840 kilometers.

單純從印度東部進入中國昆明，路線並不是特別遠，距離只有840多公里。

But because they were flying over the remote mountains and high steps of the Tibetan plateau, the pilots faced extremely violent turbulence.

但由於是在青藏高原的偏遠山區和高臺階上飛行，飛行員們面臨著極其劇烈的亂流。

Temperatures cold enough to freeze their fuel, implement weather events that were difficult to predict, and almost no emergency airports that they could divert to in the event of an accident, let alone the occasional intervention of Japanese fighters.

氣溫低到足以凍結他們的燃料，實施難以預測的天氣事件，而且幾乎沒有在發生事故時可以轉往的緊急機場，更不用說日本戰鬥機偶爾的干預了。

All of these hazards added up to an incredibly dangerous flight path that over the time span of 42 months saw 594 planes and 1659 men who were lost in the mountains never to be seen again.

所有這些危險加在一起，形成了一條極其危險的飛行路線，在42個月的時間裡，有594架飛機和1659名人員在山中失蹤，再也沒有出現過。

The vast majority of these losses were a simple result of the dangerous elements the pilots were flying through, and not a result of enemy action and for reference.

這些損失中的絕大部分只是飛行員飛過的危險因素造成的，而不是敵人行動的結果，供參考。

The loss in life for the Allied aircrews here was even higher than during the entire battle of Britain against the Germans.

盟軍空勤人員在這裡的生命損失甚至比整個英國對德國人的戰役期間還要高。

In some months, as many as 50% of all allied planes that flew the route were crashing, which would obviously not exactly be unacceptable loss rate toe a modern airliner today.

在一些月份裡，飛過這條航線的盟軍飛機中，有多達50%的飛機墜毀，這對今天的現代客機來說，顯然不完全是不可接受的損失率。

Luckily for the modern airliners, the Tibetan plateau has been gradually opened up in the decades since the Second World War.

幸運的是，二戰後的幾十年裡，青藏高原逐漸被打開。

The first airport in Chinese Tibet was built in 1956 and the modern airport in the Tibetan capital Lhasa was built a decade later in 1965.

中國西藏的第一個機場建於1956年，十年後的1965年，西藏首都拉薩的現代化機場建成。

Today, there are two significant international airports located on the Tibetan Plateau in La Hossa, and joining both of these airports primarily handled domestic air travel to and from the rest of China but low.

如今，有兩個重要的國際機場位於拉霍薩青藏高原，加入這兩個機場主要處理國內與中國其他地區的航空旅行，但低。

Hossa has a single international flight to Kathmandu while joining maintains flights to Taipei, Tokyo and Kuala Lumpur.

霍薩有一個單程國際航班到加德滿都，同時加入保持到臺北、東京和吉隆坡的班機。

So it's true that there sometimes our planes flying over the Tibetan Plateau in modern times.

所以說，在現代，有時確實有我們的飛機飛過青藏高原。

But almost every international flight between Eastern Asia and the West will go out of their way to avoid flying over it.

但幾乎所有往返於東亞和西方的國際航班都會不惜一切代價避免飛過它。

Take this flight, this flight or this flight just as a handful of examples.

就拿這次飛行、這次飛行或這次飛行來說，只是少數例子。

So now that we've gone through some history, lessons.

那麼現在我們通過一些歷史，岅。

Why do most airliners continue to avoid flying over Tibet on their longer flights today, despite the existence of modern international airports And, you know, being able to actually fly over the mountains, it ultimately comes down to four primary reasons that we're going to go through, the first of which is the stupidly huge risk during emergency situations.

為什麼大多數客機在今天的長途飛行中仍然避免飛越西藏，儘管存在現代化的國際機場 而且，你知道，能夠真正飛越山脈，它最終歸結為四個主要原因，我們將通過，其中第一個原因是緊急情況下愚蠢的巨大風險。

The average elevation of the Tibetan plateau is well over 14,000 ft, and airliners usually cruise at over 30,000 ft.

青藏高原的平均海拔遠遠超過14000英尺，客機的巡航速度通常在30000英尺以上。

Normally not a problem but under certain critical emergency situations, like a cabin depressurization or engine failure event.

一般情況下不會有問題，但在某些關鍵的緊急情況下，如機艙減壓或發動機故障事件。

Airline protocol is to descend down to 10,000 ft in a cabin depressurization scenario.

航空公司的規定是在機艙減壓的情況下，下降到1萬英尺。

The plane will drop oxygen mask for passengers to breathe, but there's only a limited supply, generally only around 20 minutes.

飛機上會投放氧氣面罩供乘客呼吸，但供應量有限，一般只有20分鐘左右。

This is intended to be enough time for the passengers toe last breathing on while the plane descends down to 10,000 ft, where normal breathing conditions can be resumed now.

這是為了讓乘客有足夠的時間進行最後的呼吸，同時飛機下降到10000英尺，在那裡可以恢復正常的呼吸條件。

Obviously, this isn't possible anywhere over the vast Tibetan plateau that's over five times the size of France because the average elevation is over 14,000 ft, meaning that if a plane descended down to 10,000 ft as protocol demands, it would almost certainly crashed into the side of a mountain.

顯然，在面積超過法國五倍的廣袤的青藏高原上，任何地方都不可能做到這一點，因為青藏高原的平均海拔超過14000英尺，也就是說，如果一架飛機按照禮賓要求下降到10000英尺，幾乎肯定會撞到山邊。

And everyone would die if a cabin depressurization happens over Tibet, the only nearby major international airport safe enough and close enough for most big airliners to divert to in an emergency Arla HASA joining Kathmandu, Chengdu, Urumqi and Almaty.

而如果在西藏上空發生機艙減壓，所有人都會死，附近唯一一個足夠安全、距離足夠近的大型國際機場，大多數大型客機可以在緊急情況下轉道阿拉HASA加入加德滿都、成都、烏魯木齊和阿拉木圖。

These airports are all hundreds, orthe thousands of kilometers away from each other, and they mostly ring around the uninhabited plateau when a plane flies from Kathmandu to low HASA.

這些機場之間都有幾百、或者上千公里的距離，當飛機從加德滿都飛往低HASA時，它們大多環抱著無人居住的高原。

For example, Kathmandu and low HASA are each the alternate emergency airport.

例如，加德滿都和低HASA各自是備用應急機場。

In addition to being the destination in 2018 a Sichuan Airlines flight was flying from Chongqing to the HASA across the plateau at 30,000 ft when a window blew out and it suffered a depressurization event.

除了是目的地2018年四川航空的一架班機從重慶飛往高原對面的哈航，在3萬英尺高空時，窗戶炸裂，遭遇減壓事件。

Fortunately, the pilots weren't very far across into the plateau, so they were able to quickly turn around and divert to the airport at Chengdu for an emergency landing within 35 minutes of the depressurization happening.

幸運的是，飛行員們對面進入高原的距離並不是很遠，所以在減壓發生後的35分鐘內，他們就能迅速掉頭，轉道成都機場緊急降落。

The deeper an emergency like this happens into the plateau, the mawr dangerous the emergency becomes because of how far away, you could get from any airports to divert Thio leading to longer.

像這樣的緊急情況越是深入高原，緊急情況就越是危險，因為距離多遠，你可以從任何機場分流Thio導致更長的時間。

This leads us into problem number two for why airplanes don't fly over to bet.

這就引出了第二個問題，為什麼飛機不飛過來賭。

There's just nobody that really lives there, so there isn't really a very big demand.

只是沒有人真正住在那裡，所以並沒有很大的需求。

Long haul international flights between Europe and Asia will avoid flying over Tibet because they don't want to risk having an emergency situation while flying over it.

歐洲和亞洲之間的長途國際航班將避免飛越西藏上空，因為他們不想冒著飛越西藏上空時出現緊急情況的風險。

But there aren't that many shorter domestic flights, either, because there's just so few people there.

但是國內的短途班機也沒有那麼多，因為那裡的人實在是太少了。

The Tibet Autonomous Region in China has just a little over three million people who live across the entire massive area, meaning that despite to bet taking up almost 13% of China's total land, it only accounts for 0.2% of China's total population.

中國的西藏自治區只有三百多萬人，他們生活在整個龐大的區域內，這意味著儘管bet佔了中國總土地的近13%，但只佔中國總人口的0.2%。

The next two reasons why long haul flights avoid flying over Tibet are bad turbulence and the risk of jet fuel freezing.

接下來，長途班機避免飛越西藏上空的兩個原因是惡劣的湍流和噴氣燃料凍結的風險。

When fast winds move across the plateau and the mountains, the wind will often take a wave shaped pattern that looks like this, and when airplanes flight through this wind pattern, the turbulence could get extremely bumpy, which can further complicate any emergency scenarios.

當快速的風從高原和山地移動時，風往往會採取類似這樣的波浪形模式，當飛機在這種風型中飛行時，湍流可能會變得非常顛簸，這可能會使任何應急方案更加複雜。

And finally, there's the problem of jet fuel.

Theoretically, jet fuel freezes when the temperature gets below minus 40 Celsius.

理論上，當溫度低於零下40攝氏度時，噴氣燃料就會凍結。

And while extremely cold conditions like that rarely take place anywhere the jets fly, the temperatures in the air above the already high and cold Tibetan plateau can get to that point or worse.

而像這種極度寒冷的情況很少發生在噴氣式飛機飛過的地方，但本就高寒的青藏高原上空的溫度卻會達到這個地步，甚至更糟。

This isn't really a problem for a short flight through, but for longer flights across the plateau that might last for six hours or more, this could become a really significant problem.

對於短途飛行來說，這並不是一個真正的問題，但對於可能持續6個小時或更長時間的高原飛行來說，這可能成為一個非常重要的問題。

Ultimately, the big reason why airplanes almost always avoid flying over the Tibetan plateau to get to their destinations isn't because of any supernatural curse or something like that, but a simple, really quality that if they were to experience an emergency well flying across it would perhaps be the most dangerous place anywhere over the inhabited Earth's continents to experience it.

歸根結底，飛機之所以幾乎都避免飛越青藏高原到達目的地，很大的原因並不是因為什麼超自然的詛咒之類的東西，而是一種簡單的、真正的素質，如果他們遇到緊急井飛越青藏高原的話，也許會成為有人居住的地球大陸上空任何地方最危險的地方。

It's a reminder that despite how advanced, connected, safe and small our world may seem, there's still a few wild and remote areas left that are dangerous for us to travel through.

這提醒我們，儘管我們的世界看起來是多麼的先進、互聯、安全和渺小，但仍有一些野生和偏遠地區仍然存在著危險，我們要穿越這些地區。

If you've made it this far in tow watching, then you probably love real life floor, and I'm certain you've probably already heard all about Curiosity Stream, the documentary streaming service with thousands of videos on airplanes, megaprojects, history and tons of other fascinating things.

如果你已經拖著看了這麼久，那麼你可能會喜歡現實生活中的地板，我相信你可能已經聽說過所有關於好奇心流，這是一個紀錄片流媒體服務，有成千上萬的視頻，關於飛機，巨型項目，歷史和其他大量迷人的東西。

But thanks to curiosity stream when you sign up for them, you'll also get access to Nebula, a streaming service made by educational creators like me, where we can publish our original thoughtful content without fear of getting to monetize or buried by YouTube's dreaded algorithm.

但由於好奇心流當你註冊他們時，你還將獲得星雲的訪問權，這是一個由像我這樣的教育創作者所做的流媒體服務，在那裡我們可以發佈我們的原創思想內容，而不必擔心被YouTube可怕的算法所掩埋。

By signing up for curiosity, Stream and Nebula, you are directly empowering me and dozens of other educational creators.

註冊好奇心、溪流和星雲，就是直接給我和其他幾十位教育創作者賦能。

You probably know to make cool, exclusive content that we might not get the chance to make otherwise content, like all of my own real life Laura videos that go up at least 24 hours early on Nebula before they do on YouTube and all without any ads or sponsorships and exclusive content like Money, a game show hosted by Tom Scott and featuring a bunch of my creator friends in a Siris of psychological experiments that test their willingness to work together.

你可能知道要做很酷的獨家內容，我們可能沒有機會做其他內容，比如我自己所有的現實生活中的勞拉視頻，在YouTube上做之前，至少提前24小時上星雲，所有的內容都沒有任何廣告或贊助，以及獨家內容，比如Money，一個由湯姆-斯科特主持的遊戲節目，由我的一群創作者朋友在Siris的心理實驗中測試他們的合作意願。

Best of all, though, Curiosity Stream is offering nebula subscribers 26% off just for you in other words that's too fantastic streaming services for less than $15 a year.

不過最重要的是，好奇流為星雲用戶提供26%的折扣，只為你而來，換句話說就是一年不到15美元的流媒體服務太神奇了。

So go ahead and sign up using the link in the description or by going to curiosity stream dot com slash real life floor, watch cool content and support creators by watching stuff we've made just for you.

所以，請使用描述中的鏈接或通過進入好奇心流點com斜線真人樓註冊，觀看酷炫的內容，並通過觀看我們專門為你製作的東西來支持創作者。