is effective."

是有效的"。

Madad: That is completely false.

Madad。這是完全錯誤的。

We used to think that.

我們以前也是這麼認為的。

Morse: "All schools should reopen

莫爾斯："所有學校都應該重新開學

because kids can't get COVID-19."

因為孩子們不能得到COVID-19。"

We used to think that.

我們以前也是這麼認為的。

But now we know it's not true.

但現在我們知道這不是真的。

Hi, I'm Stephen Morse,

嗨，我是Stephen Morse。

professor of epidemiology.

流行病學教授。

My name is Dr. Syra Madad,

我的名字是西拉-馬達德博士。

and I'm an infectious disease epidemiologist

我是一個傳染病流行病學家。

here in New York City.

這裡在紐約市。

Morse: In the past, we have debunked a number of myths.

莫爾斯：過去，我們已經揭穿了一些神話。

But new myths keep coming up,

但新的神話不斷出現。

and the same old ones keep coming back.

而同樣的老毛病又不斷出現。

So let's get to work debunking more myths today.

所以，今天我們就來揭穿更多的神話吧。

Madad: "Wearing a mask doesn't do anything."

麥達德："戴上面具什麼也做不了。"

Morse: And there are people who believe that.

Morse有的人相信這一點。

And one reason is that until recently,

而一個原因是，直到最近。

we weren't really recommending masks

我們並不是真的推薦口罩

because we didn't know that they actually do a lot of good.

因為我們不知道他們其實有很多好處。

There's a recent study from Hong Kong

香港最近有一項研究

that was published in Nature

發表在《自然》雜誌上的

that proves that even surgical masks

證明了即使是手術面具

can prevent infected people

可以防止感染者

from passing on the infection to others.

以免傳染給他人。

Madad: We have seen that in states

Madad。我們在各國都看到了這一點。

that didn't have a mask mandate,

沒有面具任務的。

once they had that mask mandate,

一旦他們有了那個面具任務。

over a period of time, you did see

在一段時間內，你確實看到

the number of cases go down.

案件數量下降。

So it's important to continue to wash your hands

所以繼續洗手很重要。

and keep your distance while also wearing a mask.

並保持距離，同時也戴上了口罩。

Morse: "Wearing a mask is dangerous

莫爾斯："戴上面具很危險。

because you'll get carbon dioxide poisoning."

因為你會得二氧化碳中毒。"

But it takes a lot of carbon dioxide to do it,

但這需要大量的二氧化碳才能做到。

and all of that actually

而這一切其實

goes through the mask quite readily.

很容易通過面具。

So it doesn't build up in the mask.

所以它不會在面膜中積聚。

And we know that even when people are wearing masks,

而且我們知道，即使人們戴著面具。

their oxygen levels in the blood

其血液中的含氧量

are perfectly normal if they're not sick.

是完全正常的，如果他們沒有生病。

So part of it is really getting used to it,

所以一部分是真的習慣了。

the way we get used to wearing a necktie, for example.

比如說，我們習慣戴領帶的方式。

Madad: Looking at those healthcare workers

Madad:看著那些醫護人員

that do wear it for an extended period of time,

的，確實長期佩戴。

that's a great model to show you

那是一個偉大的模型給你看

that it does not cause carbon dioxide poisoning or toxicity.

它不會造成二氧化碳中毒或毒性。

Morse: "All schools should reopen

莫爾斯："所有學校都應該重新開學

because kids can't get COVID-19."

因為孩子們不能得到COVID-19。"

Once the schools reopen,

一旦學校重新開學。

we're gonna see a situation

我們將看到的情況

where there are a lot of kids together

孩子多的地方

and the possibility of transmission becomes much greater.

和傳播的可能性就會大大增加。

Madad: And on top of that, it's not also just the kids,

麥達德。最重要的是，它也不只是孩子們。

it's also the teachers and the adults

亦師亦友

that are in these schools

在這些學校的

that are also at risk.

也有風險的。

And so we wanna protect everybody.

所以我們想保護大家。

There are countries in Asia

亞洲有一些國家

that have reopened schools successfully

順利復課的學校

and have been able to remain open.

並一直能夠保持開放。

They started off with having low number of cases,

他們一開始的案件數量少。

and they also had contingency plans in place

他們還制定了應急計劃

where you have smaller classroom sizes,

在那裡，你有較小的教室規模。

children sitting further apart, wearing masks.

孩子們坐在更遠的距離，戴著面具。

You also have countries that have shown

你也有國家表現出

that they opened schools too early,

他們過早開學；

and then they had to close down multiple times.

然後他們不得不多次關閉。

And so we wanna make sure we're in a position

所以我們要確保我們在一個位置上。

that we have the upper hand

勝券在握

when it comes to this virus.

當談到這個病毒。

"Asymptomatic people aren't contagious."

"無症狀的人是不會傳染的。"

Morse: Asymptomatic people, people who feel

MorseAsymptomatic people, people who feel

and look perfectly well,

並且看起來非常好。

are contagious to others.

是會傳染給別人的。

And we worry about them

我們擔心他們

because they may not know what they're spreading.

因為他們可能不知道自己在傳播什麼。

Madad: In fact, during the early days,

馬德：事實上，在早期。

that is when you are most infectious.

那是你最有感染力的時候。

Morse: The reality is we have to assume

莫爾斯：現實是，我們必須假設。

that anyone who could have it,

誰都可以擁有它。

indeed could have it,

確實可以擁有它。

and they could pass it on to others.

他們可以把它傳遞給其他人。

This is why we're making recommendations

這就是我們提出建議的原因

that everybody should wear a mask,

每個人都應該戴上面具。

even if they're feeling well,

即使他們感覺良好。

because we don't know and they themselves may not know

因為我們不知道，他們自己也未必知道

that they could be infected

他們可能會被感染

and able to infect others.

並能感染他人。

Madad: "Young, healthy people won't die from COVID-19."

Madad："年輕健康的人不會死於COVID-19。"

We have seen cases where you have individuals

我們看到的情況是，你有個人

that have no medical condition

無病呻吟

still unfortunately die from COVID-19.

仍不幸死於COVID-19。

Morse: It may be a very small proportion,

莫爾斯：可能是很小的比例。

but when you have a very large number of infected people,

但當你有一個非常多的感染者。

those numbers add up very quickly.

這些數字加起來非常快。

Madad: We are seeing, based on certain data

Madad。根據某些數據，我們看到

that is coming out, is that even with young people,

的出來，就是連年輕人。

if they don't have a severe case of COVID-19,

如果他們沒有嚴重的COVID-19病例。

they are at increased risk, for example,

他們的風險增加，例如：

of strokes and other types of ailments.

的中風和其他類型的疾病。

And so looking at the death rate in the young

所以，從年輕人的死亡率來看。

is a false sense of security.

是一種虛假的安全感。

Morse: "You cannot get COVID-19 twice."

Morse："你不可能得到COVID -19兩次。"

Madad: We still don't know

Madad我們還是不知道

what long-term immunity looks like,

長期免疫力是什麼樣的。

and so in the immediate future,

所以在眼前。

can you get reinfected with COVID-19

你會不會再感染COVID-19？

in a short period of time?

在短時間內？

The likelihood is no.

可能性是沒有。

Individuals that have been tested positive again

再次檢測呈陽性的個人

for COVID-19 likely just have residual virus

為COVID-19可能只是有殘留的病毒。

in their body or in their bodily fluids.

在其體內或體液中。

But in terms of long term,

但從長遠來看。

can you get COVID-19 a year after or two years after?

你能在一年後或兩年後拿到COVID-19嗎？

That is something that we still don't know yet,

這是我們還不知道的事情。

and it's one of those things that time will tell.

這就是時間會證明的事情之一。

Morse: If you get it again, will it be less bad,

莫西：如果你再得一次，會不會不那麼糟糕。

will it be worse, will it be the same?

會不會更糟，會不會一樣？

We don't know.

我們不知道。

Madad: "You won't get the virus if you hold your breath

麥達："你憋著一口氣，就不會感染病毒。

when someone sneezes or coughs."

當有人打噴嚏或咳嗽的時候。"

But what we know about these virus particles

但我們對這些病毒顆粒的瞭解

is that they can still land on your mucus membrane

是他們仍然可以降落在你的粘膜上。

even if you're not breathing.

即使你沒有呼吸。

So, for example, if you're touching a high-touch surface

所以，舉例來說，如果你接觸的是一個高觸感的表面。

and then you're touching your mucus membrane,

然後你就會接觸到你的黏膜。

you obviously are able to transmit the virus

很明顯你是可以傳播病毒的

through that indirect means, if you will.

通過這種間接手段，如果你願意。

Morse: So, we have alternatives.

莫爾斯：所以，我們還有其他選擇。

We have masks, we have good hand hygiene,

我們有口罩，我們有良好的手衛生。

and social distancing

和社會疏遠

to make sure that you won't be in the line of fire

以確保你不會在火線。

when somebody coughs or sneezes.

當有人咳嗽或打噴嚏時；

That's a lot safer than holding your breath.

這比憋氣安全多了。

Madad: "Consuming disinfectants will kill the virus."

麥達德："食用消毒劑可以殺死病毒。"

Bleach and other types of disinfectants

漂白劑和其他類型的消毒劑

are not to be used for ingesting

不得用於攝取

or injecting or to put on skin.

或注射或塗抹皮膚。

These are corrosive chemicals.

這些都是腐蝕性的化學品。

They can actually cause death and disability.

它們實際上會導致死亡和殘疾。

Morse: Use it on your floors. Use it on your countertops.

莫爾斯：用在你的地板上。用在你的檯面上。

That's where it really does the work,

這才是它真正的作用所在。

and that's what really helps.

而這才是真正的幫助。

"Cleaning your fruits and vegetables

"清潔你的水果和蔬菜

with bleach is effective."

用漂白劑是有效的"。

Madad: That is completely false.

Madad。這是完全錯誤的。

If you're going to be putting chemicals

如果你要把化學品

on fruit and vegetables that you are then going to ingest,

上的水果和蔬菜，然後你要攝入。

you're putting yourself more in harm's way.

你把自己更多的傷害方式。

So, washing your fruit and vegetables

所以，清洗水果和蔬菜

is very similar to how you were washing your fruit

和你洗水果的方式很相似。

and vegetables before COVID-19 existed.

和蔬菜，在COVID-19存在之前。

Washing it under water and making sure

在水中清洗，並確保

that you're cleaning any fruit and vegetable.

你在清洗任何水果和蔬菜。

These are just basic good practices.

這些只是基本的良好做法。

'Cause it's not just COVID-19

"因為這不僅僅是COVID-19

that obviously you wanna make sure

顯然你想確保

that you are preventing,

你要防止的。

but it's also all the other microbes

但它也是所有其他的微生物。

that can cause illnesses.

會引起疾病的。

"Warm weather will stop the coronavirus."

"溫暖的天氣會阻止冠狀病毒。"

Morse: Well, here we are at the end of July,

莫爾斯：好了，現在是7月底了。

and if anyone still believes that myth,

如果有人還相信這個神話。

I think we have plenty of proof.

我想我們有很多證據。

Madad: There's an epidemiological potential significance

Madad:有一個流行病學的潛在意義。

to warmer weather because people are going outside,

到溫暖的天氣，因為人們都去外面。

but in terms of the weather itself

但就天氣本身而言

and the effect on the virus,

以及對病毒的影響。

it has not shown to have impact.

它沒有顯示出有影響。

Morse: So, until we find something like a vaccine

莫爾斯：所以，在我們找到類似疫苗的東西之前

that's effective or something else

療效

that's going to stop it,

這將阻止它。

this virus, given the opportunity to infect,

這種病毒，只要有機會感染。

will continue to infect.

會繼續感染。

"99% of cases aren't dangerous."

"99%的情況都不危險。"

Yes, it is true that probably

是的，是真的，可能

only about 1%

只佔1%

of those people who get infected

感染者中

and get sick are going to die,

和生病都會死。

but many of the others will get very sick,

但其他很多人都會病得很重。

and some of the others will get so sick

還有一些人將會生病

that they may be affected for life.

他們可能會受到終身影響。

Madad: Our indicator should not be the death rate,

Madad。我們的指標不應該是死亡率。

because you can have individuals

因為你可以有個人

that may have survived the infection of COVID-19

可能在COVID-19感染後倖存下來的生物。

but then go on to suffer a stroke

中風

because of the long-term effects of COVID-19.

因為COVID-19的長期影響。

Morse: So a lot of these cases really are dangerous.

莫爾斯：所以很多這樣的案例真的很危險。

Madad: "The United States has one

馬德："美國有一

of the lowest mortality rates."

死亡率最低"。

Taking the mortality at its face value

從表面上看，死亡率

is a huge disservice

貽害無窮

because it's not painting the full picture

因為畫蛇添足

in terms of the whole effect

從整體效果來看

that COVID-19 has on an individual.

COVID-19對個人的影響。

Morse: Unfortunately, when you think about

莫爾斯：不幸的是，當你想到

the entire population on mortality rate,

整個人口的死亡率。

it's actually unbelievably high.

它實際上是不可思議的高。

We don't really want to measure this

我們並不真的想衡量這個

by the number of people

按人數

who get saved at the last minute.

誰在最後一刻得到救贖。

What we wanna aim for is really a low infection rate,

我們要追求的是真正的低感染率。

because the infection is gonna be there.

因為感染是會在那裡。

Mortality rate proves you're just getting better

死亡率證明你只是在不斷進步

at treating the severe cases.

在治療重症病例方面。

Madad: "5G technology is spreading COVID-19."

馬德："5G技術正在傳播COVID-19。"

COVID-19 is spread by respiratory droplets

COVID-19通過呼吸道飛沫傳播。

when somebody coughs, sneezes, or talks.

當有人咳嗽、打噴嚏或說話時。

5G towers and technology do not have an influence

5G鐵塔和技術不具有影響力。

on your ability to get infected with COVID-19.

感染COVID-19的能力。

Morse: The reality is the two are totally unrelated.

莫爾斯：事實上，這兩者完全沒有關係。

You can spread computer viruses

你會傳播電腦病毒

through technology on the internet,

通過互聯網上的技術。

but real viruses requires human contact.

但真正的病毒需要人與人接觸。

"The media is blowing the pandemic out of proportion."

"媒體把疫情吹得太大了。"

I really wish this were true.

我真的希望這是真的。

And I think it depends a lot

我認為這取決於很多

on which media you're listening to.

在你收聽的媒體上。

By talking about conspiracy theories

通過談論陰謀論

and "no big deal," to say that it's all a hoax,

和 "沒什麼大不了的"，說這都是個騙局。

these things help the virus.

這些東西有助於病毒。

The virus doesn't care.

病毒並不在意。

The reality is it's here, it's real,

現實就在這裡，它是真實的。

it will infect given the opportunity.

只要有機會，它就會感染。

Madad: It is science, and it is evidence,

馬德：這是科學，也是證據。

and it is public health that will save lives.

而拯救生命的是公共衛生。

It's not politicians, it's not conspiracy theories,

這不是政客，也不是陰謀論。

it's not misinformation.

這不是錯誤的資訊。

And as we continue to learn together,

而隨著我們一起不斷學習。

the public-health guidance will change,

公眾健康指南將發生變化。

because we wanna go with what we know to be effective

因為我們想用我們所知道的有效的東西去做

in terms of keeping everybody safe.

在保障大家安全方面。

Morse: Stay safe, stay well, and...

注意安全，保重身體，還有...

Madad: Stay tuned and stay informed,

Madad。保持關注，隨時瞭解情況。

and that's very important.

這是非常重要的。