Flying on an airplane is already a pretty stressful experience for many of us.

坐飛機對我們很多人來說已經是一種相當緊張的體驗。

But imagine how much more stressful it would be if the plane you were flying in was a convertible and the pilots decided to drop the top back mid flight on entire list of pretty bad things would probably end up happening to you, and I assume that you would most likely not have a good time.

但想象一下，如果你乘坐的飛機是一架敞篷車，飛行員決定在飛行途中將頂棚放回整個清單上的相當糟糕的事情可能最終會發生在你身上，會有多大的壓力，我假設你很可能不會有一個好時機。

Fortunately for you, this will probably never happen again.

幸運的是，這種情況可能不會再發生了。

But unfortunately for some of the unluckiest 95 people to have ever existed, something like this actually did happen.

但不幸的是，對於一些最倒黴的95人來說，這樣的事情居然真的發生了。

Once upon a time.

很久以前

Back in the distant past of 1988 Aloha Airlines used to be a company that operated out of Honolulu and service the major Hawaiian airports with connections to the U.

早在遙遠的1988年，阿羅哈航空公司曾經是一家從檀香山出發的公司，服務於夏威夷的各大機場，與美國連接。

S and Canadian West coasts.

S和加拿大西海岸。

Aloha Airlines Flight 243 happened to be a regularly scheduled short flight between Hilo on the Big island of Hawaii and Honolulu on the 28th of April.

阿羅哈航空公司243號班機正好是4月28日夏威夷大島希洛和檀香山之間的定期短途班機。

In 1988 the plane that was servicing the route was a Boeing 7 37 to 97 Nothing unusual was noted during the pre departure inspection, and the plane had already completed three round trip flights just that day.

1988年，為該航線服務的飛機是一架波音7 37至97型飛機，在起飛前的檢查中沒有發現任何異常，而就在當天，這架飛機已經完成了三次往返飛行。

So everything was lining up to be just another routine flight over to Honolulu.

所以，一切都在排隊，只是另一個飛往檀香山的例行班機。

Captain on board was a 44 year old veteran with 8500 flight hours, while the first officer was also a highly experienced 36 year old with 8000 flight hours.

機上的機長是一位44歲的老兵，飛行時間8500小時，而大副也是一位36歲的高齡老人，飛行時間8000小時。

In total, there were six crew members and 89 passengers on board, and all of them were unknowingly in for one of the wildest experiences that a human has probably ever had.

機上共有6名機組人員和89名乘客，他們都在不知不覺中經歷了人類可能有史以來最瘋狂的經歷之一。

The plane performed a routine takeoff from Hilo and casually reached its cruising altitude of 24,000 ft.

這架飛機從希洛進行了例行起飛，隨隨便便就達到了24000英尺的巡航高度。

But approximately 23 minutes after take off while the plane was located about 23 nautical miles away from the island of Maui, bad things began toe happen.

但起飛後約23分鐘，當飛機位於距離茂宜島約23海里的地方時，不好的事情開始發生。

Drinks were just being served in the first class area when everybody heard a sudden bang, and just like that, the entire roof of the Plains stretching from the back of the cockpit to the plane's wing, just disintegrated and went flying off into the atmosphere.

頭等艙區域的飲料剛剛上桌，大家就聽到突然一聲巨響，就這樣，整個平原號的機頂從駕駛艙後部延伸到飛機機翼，就這樣解體了，飛向了大氣層。

54 year old flight attendant Claribel Lansing was just handing a drink to a customer when the rushing wind immediately pulled her up out of the plane without any protection.

54歲的空姐克拉裡貝爾-蘭辛剛給顧客遞上一杯飲料，狂風就立刻把她從飛機上拉了起來，沒有任何保護措施。

Her body was never discovered afterwards.

她的屍體後來一直沒有被發現。

Fortunately, though, everyone else on board were wearing their seat belts at the time, which prevented any similar incidents from happening.

不過幸運的是，當時車上的其他人都繫了安全帶，這才避免了類似事件的發生。

Unfortunately, however, was that falling out of the plane was not the only danger.

然而不幸的是，從飛機上掉下來並不是唯一的危險。

The remaining 94 people on board were exposed to a whirlwind of flying metal and debris left over from what had just been the roof.

機上剩餘的94人暴露在飛來的金屬和剛才屋頂遺留的碎片的旋風中。

Passengers on board could look around 180 degrees around them and see nothing but open sky.

機上的乘客可以180度環顧四周，除了開闊的天空，什麼都看不到。

A woman who is in seat to see next to what had just been a window had her face sliced repeatedly by flying metal and flailing wires.

一名婦女在座位上看到旁邊剛剛是一個窗口，她的臉被飛來的金屬和飛舞的電線反覆劃傷。

After hearing the bang and noticing the sudden change in cabin pressure, the captain turned around to realize that not only had the cockpit door been completely ripped away, but all he could see behind him was just a clear, open blue sky where, you know there used to be a roof.

聽到爆炸聲後，注意到機艙壓力的突然變化，機長轉過身來，發現不僅駕駛艙的門被完全撕開了，而且身後能看到的只是一片晴朗開闊的藍天，要知道那裡以前可是有屋頂的。

Fortunately, though, the two pilots were still capable of controlling the aircraft, and they began an immediate descent in change, of course, to the nearest available airport over on Maui.

不過幸運的是，這兩名飛行員還是有能力控制飛機的，他們立即開始了變向下降，當然，是到毛伊島那邊最近的可用機場。

The plane began to violently ya and roll, while a lot of the metal from the roof had simultaneously flown into both of the engines, causing engine number one to fail.

飛機開始劇烈的雅和翻滾，而機頂的大量金屬同時飛進了兩臺發動機，導致一號發動機失效。

The crew couldn't get it to restart, and they had to rely on single engine power before encountering the next problem.

船員們無法讓它重新啟動，他們只能依靠單引擎動力，然後再遇到下一個問題。

The nearest airport on Maui was only a few minutes flying away, But when the crew attempted to lower the landing gear, they didn't receive a positive green light indicating that it had been.

最近的毛伊島機場只需幾分鐘的飛行時間，但當機組人員試圖放下起落架時，他們沒有收到積極的綠燈訓示。

But they also didn't receive a negative red light, which would have indicated that it failed, so they just kind of had hoped for.

但他們也沒有收到負數的紅燈，那就說明失敗了，所以他們只是有點希望。

The best of the landing gear actually had been successfully lowered.

最好的起落架其實已經成功放下了。

Meanwhile, the passengers on board were obviously pretty terrified.

同時，機上的乘客顯然也是相當驚恐的。

At first, everybody just assumed that the plane was going down and that they were all going to die.

一開始，大家都以為飛機要墜落了，他們都會死。

But after a while.

但過了一會兒。

When that didn't happen in the plane continued to keep flying without its roof.

當這一切沒有發生在飛機上時，沒有了機頂的飛機繼續保持飛行。

Many of the passengers reported that they began to feel a sudden sense of optimism and hope.

許多乘客表示，他們開始突然感到樂觀和希望。

Still, it took the plane 13 MAWR, agonizing minutes of flying without a roof full of terrified people before it finally arrived at the airport on Maui and performed a successful landing.

不過，這架飛機還是花了13mawr，痛苦地飛了幾分鐘，沒有屋頂，滿臉驚恐，才終於抵達毛伊島的機場，並進行了成功降落。

With the landing gear deployed, everybody remaining was successfully evacuated, with 65 people being reported with injuries and eight of them with serious injuries, including one who was in critical condition at the time.

隨著起落架的展開，剩下的所有人都被成功疏散，據悉有65人受傷，其中8人傷勢嚴重，其中1人當時情況危急。

Complicating things, however, Maui Island had no infrastructure in place at the time to handle an emergency of this magnitude.

然而，更復雜的是，毛伊島當時沒有任何基礎設施來處理如此大規模的緊急情況。

There were only two ambulances located on the entire island, so air traffic controllers had to call a local tour company to scrape together several of their tour vans to come and transport everybody else that couldn't fit in the ambulances to the nearest hospital.

整個島上只有兩輛救護車的位置，所以空中交通管制員不得不打電話給當地的旅遊公司，湊齊他們的幾輛旅遊車過來，把其他無法坐進救護車的人都送到最近的醫院。

The aircraft itself was damaged well beyond repair, and it was written off and dismantled where it landed, and questions immediately arose as to how exactly a plane's roof could just fly off mid air So an investigation by the U.

飛機本身的損壞已經遠遠無法修復，在降落的地方就被註銷拆解了，人們立刻產生了疑問，到底飛機的機頂怎麼會在半空中就飛走了呢 所以美國的調查。

S.

S.

National Transportation Safety Board concluded that the following is likely what happened?

國家運輸安全委員會的結論是，以下可能是發生了什麼？

The Boeing 7 37 200 Siri's and Question was designed to have a service lifespan of 20 years, and the plane involved in this disaster was 19 years old.

波音7 37 200 Siri's and Question的設計使用壽命為20年，而此次出事的飛機機齡為19年。

But that wasn't really the problem, though The bigger issue was that the 7 37 200 Siris was also designed for a lifespan of 75,000 flights.

但這並不是真正的問題，不過更大的問題是，7 37 200 Siris的設計壽命也是75000次飛行。

This is because over time the number of pressurization and depressurization cycles that a plane goes through will begin to weaken its fuselage over time.

這是因為隨著時間的推移，飛機所經歷的增壓和減壓循環次數會隨著時間的推移開始削弱機身。

Because this plane was being used exclusively for short trips between the various Hawaiian islands, it had racked up 89,680 flights over its lifetime, which, if you know your math is a lot more than it should have had.

因為這架飛機專門用於夏威夷各島之間的短途旅行，它在一生中累計飛行了89680次，如果你懂數學的話，這比它應該有的次數要多得多。

Metal fatigue and cracking likely occurred around the rivets of the fuselage over this time, which wasn't helped by the fact that all of these flights were taking place in the humid and salty coastal environment of Hawaii, which likely led to corrosion issues as well.

在這段時間裡，機身的鉚釘周圍很可能發生了金屬疲勞和開裂，這並沒有什麼幫助，因為所有這些飛行都是在夏威夷潮溼多鹽的沿海環境中進行的，這很可能也導致了腐蝕問題。

None of these problems were ever detected by Aloha Airlines.

阿羅哈航空公司從未發現這些問題。

So the NTSB placed the blame for the roof failure fully on the negligence of the Aloha maintenance and management team.

所以，NTSB將屋頂故障的責任完全歸咎於阿羅哈維護和管理團隊的疏忽。

After all, if you're running an airline company, you should probably run the math on your planes lifespans every so often to avoid being known as that company that has the convertible airplane problem.

畢竟，如果你正在經營一家航空公司，你可能應該每隔一段時間就對飛機的壽命進行計算，以避免被稱為那個有可轉換飛機問題的公司。

Now I understand that the physics of how airplanes actually work are pretty complicated.

現在我明白了，飛機實際工作的物理學原理是相當複雜的。

In order to get it, you need to understand some a central concepts like thrust, the mechanism of lift or the contribution that wing shaped will give.

為了得到它，你需要了解一些一箇中心概念，如推力，升力的機制或翼形將給予的貢獻。

I know all about thes things, though, because I took brilliant physics of the everyday course, which includes an entire section about airplane physics.

我知道所有的事情，雖然，因為我參加了輝煌的物理學的日常課程，其中包括一整節關於飛機物理學。

Now I know what you're probably thinking.

現在我知道你可能在想什麼了。

Airplanes, engines, wing shape and lift mechanics.

飛機、發動機、機翼形狀和升力力學。

That all sounds pretty complicated, but brilliant is the expert in teaching complex subjects simply through their fantastically designed courses.

這一切聽起來相當複雜，但輝煌是專家在教學複雜的科目，簡單地通過他們的幻想設計的課程。

They break down complicated concepts like how an airplane works into small, easily digestible bits before building them all back up into the overall idea.

他們將複雜的概念，如飛機的工作原理，分解成容易消化的小塊，然後再將它們全部建立起來，形成整體概念。

And with the New year having just begun, now is the time to get started to make 2020 the year when you improve your grades, learn new skills or just understand a little bit more of how the world works.

而新的一年剛剛開始，現在是時候開始讓2020年成為你提高成績、學習新技能或者只是多瞭解一點世界如何運作的一年了。

Best of all, though, by being one of the 1st 200 people to sign up at brilliant dot org's slash real Life floor, you could get started with your learning for 20% off and is always thank you for watching.

不過最重要的是，只要成為輝煌點點網斜線實戰樓的前200名報名者之一，你就可以以8折的價格開始學習，而且是隨時感謝你的觀看。