Name: 為什麼歷史上最短的戰爭只持續了38分鐘？ (Why the Shortest War in History Lasted 38 Minutes)
Uploaded: 2020-10-23T23:03:56.000Z
Duration: 7 min 37 s

基礎被動語態

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The reconquista between the Christian and Islamic kingdoms in Iberia lasted for 774 years, which marks the longest conflict ever fought in recorded human history.

伊比利亞的基督教王國和伊斯蘭教王國之間的重新徵服持續了774年，這也是人類歷史上有記錄以來時間最長的衝突。

66 violent conflicts across human history have lasted for longer than a century, while dozens and dozens more have lasted for decades.

人類歷史上有66場暴力衝突持續了一個世紀以上，還有幾十場、幾十場持續了幾十年。

When you think of war, you usually imagine something lasting for years, like either of the world wars or the American Civil War.

當你想到戰爭時，你通常會想象一些持續多年的事情，比如世界大戰或美國內戰。

But sometimes when the two sides are really unbalanced and nobody bothered to make a patch or a Nerf, a war can end in only a few minutes.

但有時候當雙方真的不平衡，沒有人去打補丁或做Nerf的時候，一場戰爭可能只在幾分鐘內結束。

And the shortest war ever fought in all of human history was a war that was kind of like this, with an O.

而人類歷史上最短的一場戰爭就是一場類似於這樣的戰爭，還有一個O。

Mega empire going up against just a tiny little island.

龐大的帝國要對抗的只是一個小小的島嶼。

The war took place in 18 96 and it was fought between the British Empire on one side and the Sultanate of Zanzibar on the other, and it lasted for only 38 minutes.

這場戰爭發生在1896年，戰爭的一方是大英帝國，另一方是桑給巴爾蘇丹國，戰爭只持續了38分鐘。

But the reasons for why it ended so quickly largely have to do with the area's history.

但之所以這麼快就結束了，很大程度上與該地區的歷史有關。

For 160 years, Zanzibar was ruled by a guy who didn't even live in Zanzibar but by a guy who lived thousands of miles away here in Oman.

在160年的時間裡，桑給巴爾島被一個根本不住在桑給巴爾島的人統治著，而是被一個住在千里之外的阿曼的人統治著。

And for 200 years before that, Zanzibar was ruled by another guy who also lived thousands of miles away here in Portugal.

而在那之前的200年裡，桑給巴爾島是由另一個人統治的，他也住在千里之外的葡萄牙這裡。

So after finally gaining some kind of independence after centuries of being ruled by someone bigger, of course the British got curious and came around to introduce themselves to the new kid on the block.

所以，在被更大的人統治了幾個世紀之後，終於獲得了某種獨立，英國人當然好奇了，於是就來介紹自己這個新來的孩子。

Britain acted all friendly at first by recognizing the island's sovereignty, but they were worried about Germany coming into the region and competing there for influence.

英國起初表現得非常友好，承認該島的主權，但他們擔心德國會進入該地區，在那裡爭奪影響力。

The third Sultan of Zanzibar had granted rights to his Kenyan territory over to the British, but granted the rights to Tanzania over to Germany, and both European countries have their eyes set on the island of Zanzibar itself.

桑給巴爾第三任蘇丹將他的肯亞領土的權利交給了英國人，卻將坦尚尼亞的權利交給了德國，這兩個歐洲國家都將目光投向了桑給巴爾島本身。

The British acted quickly in 18 90 by basically doing the most British thing ever and just declaring that Zanzibar was now officially a British protectorate, no flag, no country they didn't ask anybody who actually lived there.

英國人在1890年迅速採取行動，基本上做了最英國的事情，只是宣佈桑給巴爾現在正式成為英國的保護國，沒有國旗，沒有國家，他們沒有問任何人誰真正住在那裡。

And by 18 93 the British had installed a pro British sultan as their puppet who committed the unforgivable sin of banning slavery.

而到了1893年，英國人安插了一個親英的蘇丹作為他們的傀儡，他犯下了禁止奴隸制的不可饒恕的罪行。

Britain wasn't exactly that big into the whole slave trade thing by this point in time, but a lot of people in Zanzibar were pretty upset about it all the same on underground resistance of former slave masters and owners began fermenting under the surfaces of Zanzibari society for a few years until on August 25th, 18 96 when the pro British puppets Sultan unexpectedly died.

英國在這個時候對販賣奴隸這件事並不是很上心，但桑給巴爾的很多人對這一切都相當不滿，在桑給巴爾社會的表面下，前奴隸主和奴隸主的地下抵抗開始發酵了幾年，直到1896年8月25日，親英傀儡蘇爾坦意外死亡。

The British wanted this character to succeed to the throne afterwards because he was allegedly a pretty friendly and chill kind of dude.

英國人希望這個人物之後能繼承王位，因為據說他是個很友好、很冷酷的那種紈絝子弟。

Instead, the sultan's cousin Khalid saw an opportunity and got to the palace, first, declared himself the sultan instead and barricaded himself inside with around 3000 of his loyal followers.

而蘇丹的表弟哈立德卻看準了機會，先到了皇宮，改自稱蘇丹，並帶著約3000名忠實的追隨者在裡面設障。

So part of the problem with that was back when Zanzibar became a British protectorate.

所以部分問題是早在桑給巴爾成為英國保護國的時候。

Part of the rules were that whoever became sultan needed the permission of the local British consulate First.

部分規則是，無論誰成為蘇丹，都需要得到當地英國第一領事館的許可。

Khalid didn't exactly care for that, so he didn't do it and then demanded the total freedom and independence of Zanzibar.

哈立德並不是很在意，所以他沒有這麼做，然後要求桑給巴爾完全自由獨立。

But before you go thinking that Khalid was the good guy in the story, he wanted the independence of Zanzibar, primarily because he wanted to bring back the good old days of slavery that the British had forcefully abolished.

但在你去認為哈立德是故事中的好人之前，他之所以要桑給巴爾獨立，主要是想讓英國人強行廢除奴隸制的好日子重現。

The British considered his accession to Sultan without their permission, an act of war, and they gave him a two day ultimatum to stand down and surrender.

英國人認為他擅自加入蘇丹，是一種戰爭行為，他們給他下了兩天的最後通牒，要求他退兵投降。

Khalid refused, to the surprise of nobody.

And at precisely 9 a.m. On the 27th of August 18 96 the British ultimatum expired, and the most one sided war in all of human history immediately followed.

而在1896年8月27日上午9點整，英國的最後通牒到期，緊接著就是人類歷史上最片面的戰爭。

The British had expected that their ultimatum would have fallen on deaf ears, so they assembled a battle force of three cruisers and to gun boats in the harbor directly adjacent to the palace where Khalid had barricaded himself.

英國人已經預料到他們的最後通牒會落空，所以他們在哈立德設障的皇宮正附近的港口集結了一支由三艘巡洋艦和到炮艇組成的戰鬥部隊。

Inside, 150 British marines and sailors man the ships along with 900 pro British Zanzibari troops, to bring the total up to 1000 and 50 men.

裡面有150名英國海軍陸戰隊員和水手與900名親英桑給巴爾部隊一起駐守，總數達到1000人，50人。

Khalid, meanwhile, outnumbered them nearly three toe, one with close to 3000 men including slaves and random peasants that he just forced to fight for him.

而哈立德的人數卻比他們多了近三趾，一個人就有近3000人，包括奴隸和隨機的農民，他只是被迫為他而戰。

Some artillery pieces and machine guns and a yacht that was ironically donated to Zanzibar by Britain that he had converted into a junkie makeshift war boat.

一些火炮和機槍，還有一艘英國捐贈給桑給巴爾島的遊艇，諷刺的是，他把這艘遊艇改造成了垃圾臨時戰船。

Just two minutes after the ultimatum expired at 902 a.

就在最後通牒到期後的兩分鐘，上午902。

M, the British ships open fire and began a bombardment of the wooden palace, which quickly set it on fire.

M，英軍艦艇開火，開始對木質宮殿進行轟炸，很快就將木質宮殿燒燬。

All of Khalid's outdated artillery pieces were quickly destroyed, while the Zanzibari Jiang kyat kamikaze out towards the British fleet with machine gun fire.

哈立德的所有過時的火炮很快就被摧毀了，而桑給巴爾的蔣介石號則用機槍火力向英國艦隊出擊。

However, it was quickly sunk and everybody aboard was rescued by the British cruisers, who presumably felt pretty bad about it.

不過，它很快就被擊沉了，船上的人都被英國巡洋艦救了出來，估計英國巡洋艦也覺得挺可惜的。

After the bombardment practically leveled the palace, the pro British Zanzibari troops stormed in and took the place over with minimal fighting.

在轟炸幾乎夷平了皇宮之後，親英的桑給巴爾部隊衝了進去，以最小的戰鬥力佔領了這裡。

Just 38 minutes after the opening shots of the war, the whole thing was already over, with the British and control of the country again.

在戰爭的開場槍聲響起僅僅38分鐘後，整個戰爭就已經結束了，英國人又控制了這個國家。

The Zanzibaris suffered about 500 casualties, dead and wounded mostly from the bombardment, while the British side only suffered one guy who got injured and that's it.

桑給巴爾人的傷亡大約有500人，死傷主要是轟炸造成的，而英方只有一個人受傷，僅此而已。

Khalid allegedly escaped out of a back door the moment that the first shells were fired and found refuge in the German consulate, where he afterwards fled to German East Africa.

據稱，Khalid在第一發炮彈發射的瞬間從後門逃出，在德國領事館找到了避難所，隨後逃到了德國東非。

He was eventually found by the British and captured during the first World War, after which he was exiled to ST Helena, the same place where the British exile Napoleon a century previously.

他最終被英國人發現，並在第一次世界大戰期間被俘，之後他被流放到聖赫勒拿島，也就是一個世紀前英國流放拿破崙的地方。

The British then installed their loyal puppet as the sultan, and Zanzibar remained a British protectorate for the next 67 years without another violent uprising again, all over a 38 minute long conflict in the 19th century.

隨後，英國人安插了他們忠誠的傀儡為蘇丹，桑給巴爾島在接下來的67年裡一直是英國的保護地，沒有再發生暴力起義，這一切都發生在19世紀長達38分鐘的衝突中。

The British strategy of quickly bombing an enemy into submission, however, was still in its infancy.

然而,英國人迅速轟炸敵人使其屈服的戰略,還處於初級階段。

Much later, in 1943 in a single night, the British air Force bombed the city of Hamburg in Germany and destroyed 350,000 homes and killed over 40,000 people, a significant increase in deadly efficiency.

很久以後，1943年的一個晚上，英國空軍轟炸了德國漢堡市，炸燬了35萬間房屋，炸死了4萬多人，殺傷效率大大提高。

This might surprise you, and you might wonder how the logistics of bombing a city work, and I'd answer you with curiosity Stream, as in Go check out this two part documentary on curiosity stream that explains the technology and logistics that go into the mass bombings of cities through the 20th century.

這可能會讓你感到驚訝，你可能會想知道轟炸一個城市的後勤工作是如何進行的，我會用好奇流來回答你，就像去看看好奇流的這部兩部分的紀錄片，解釋了20世紀以來大規模轟炸城市的技術和後勤工作。

It's just one of over 2400 documentaries that you can watch on curiosity stream on all of these different platforms for only 2 99 per month.

這只是2400多部紀錄片中的一部，你可以在這些不同平臺上的好奇心流上觀看，每月只需2 99元。

Their documentary span across every genre, from science to history and are available worldwide.

他們的紀錄片橫跨各個類型，從科學到歷史，在全球範圍內都可以看到。

So there's no reason why you shouldn't visit them next, even if you don't have three bucks to spare, because you can sign up and start watching anything there for free for the next 31 days.

所以接下來即使你沒有三塊錢，也沒有理由不去看他們，因為你可以在接下來的31天內註冊並開始免費看那裡的任何東西。

When you sign up by clicking the link in the description or by visiting curiosity stream dot com slash real life floor.

當你通過點擊描述中的鏈接或訪問好奇心流點點網斜線真人樓報名。

 Thank you so much for watching and, as always, I'll see you again next week. 

非常感謝你的觀看，下週我們還是會再見面的。