Name: 為什麼NASA需要SpaceX將太空人從美國送上太空？ (Why NASA Needed SpaceX To Send Astronauts To Space From The US)
Uploaded: 2020-10-23T23:03:36.000Z
Duration: 6 min 9 s

程度副詞

you're watching a crude rocket takeoff from US soil for the first time in almost 10 years in a commercial spaceship built by Space X.

你正在觀看一枚粗製火箭從美國本土起飛，這是近10年來首次乘坐Space X公司製造的商業飛船。

轉承詞

This is a huge deal, because in the past decade, all we've seen from the U.

這是一個巨大的問題，因為在過去的十年裡，我們從美國看到的所有。

Cargo missions, experiments and test launches, some of which have failed.

貨物運輸任務、實驗和試射，其中一些已經失敗。

But now there are two human people on board headed for the international space station, which hasn't happened since 2011 when NASA shut down the space shuttle program.

但現在有兩名載人者前往國際空間站，這在2011年美國宇航局關閉航天飛機項目後還沒有發生過。

Since then, China and Russia have been the Onley two countries on Earth with the ability to launch humans into space.

自此，中國和俄羅斯成為地球上有能力將人類送入太空的安利兩個國家。

So why did it take so long to send Americans back to space from America on?

那麼，為什麼從美國上送美國人回太空需要這麼長時間呢？

On July 21st, 2011 the space shuttle Atlantis touched down at Kennedy shuttle landing facility for the final time.

2011年7月21日，亞特蘭蒂斯號航天飛機最後一次降落在肯尼迪航天飛機著陸設施。

After 30 years, NASA was ending its space shuttle program, but it was never supposed to last that long.

30年後，美國宇航局要結束它的航天飛機計劃，但它本來就不應該持續那麼久。

Anyways, the space shuttle was originally proposed as a 15 year program to develop a reusable and low cost way to get to space, mainly toe haul up the materials needed to build the international space station, and then once it was built, the people needed to run it.

不管怎麼說，航天飛機最初是作為一個15年的計劃提出來的，目的是為了開發一種可重複使用的、低成本的進入太空的方式，主要是為了牽引建造國際空間站所需的材料，然後一旦建成，就需要人去管理它。

The space station is a football field sized research station in low earth orbit, invaluable not only for learning about space itself, but also for experimenting in microgravity, which can't be recreated on Earth on the space station was successfully built, but the shuttle never quite lived up to its low cost promise.

空間站是低地軌道上一個足球場大小的研究站，不僅對學習太空本身很有價值，而且對微重力實驗也很有價值，在地球上無法重現的空間站建造成功，但航天飛機始終沒有兌現低成本的承諾。

Early estimates in 1973 put the cost per flight at $9.3 million but by the end of its run, the numbers added up to 1.5 billion.

1973年的早期估計，每次飛行的成本為930萬美元，但到運行結束時，數字加起來達到15億。

Permission on the program also cost lives.

程序上的許可也會付出生命的代價。

Shuttles were destroyed in flight during the 1986 Challenger in 2003 Colombia disasters, killing all seven astronauts on board.

在1986年哥倫比亞挑戰者號災難中，航天飛機在飛行中被摧毀，機上7名太空人全部遇難。

In both instances, coupled with rising costs, it was clear the program needed to end.

在這兩種情況下，再加上成本的上升，顯然該計劃需要終止。

But NASA didn't want out of the human space like game altogether, because if we're going to go beyond the moon, well, we need more information.

但NASA並不想完全退出人類太空一樣的遊戲，因為如果我們要超越月球，那麼，我們需要更多的資訊。

One thing the space station helps us understand is what happens to the human body in space.

空間站幫助我們瞭解的一件事就是人體在太空中會發生什麼。

This is a huge area of research We need to understand before we start talking about sending people to the moon and staying there.

這是一個巨大的研究領域，我們需要了解，然後再開始討論把人送上月球並留在那裡。

If we don't do that research or as much of it, then we're not doing due diligence that we need before we start sending people to these far off destinations and deep space.

如果我們不做這樣的研究，或者不做盡可能多的研究，那麼我們就沒有做盡職調查，而在我們開始把人送到這些遙遠的目的地和深空之前，我們需要這樣做。

The plan was to come back in four years with a new program, Constellation.

計劃是四年後帶著新的項目 "星座 "回來。

The programs goals were to complete construction of the space station, go back to the moon by 2020 and eventually send astronauts to Mars.

該計劃的目標是完成空間站的建設，在2020年前回到月球，並最終將太空人送上火星。

And with all that, NASA would develop a new transportation system.

而有了這些，NASA將開發一個新的運輸系統。

We'll move over to the Russians, will pay them for seats, tow, launch our astronauts, and that's what we're going to be doing for the next four years.

我們將轉移到俄羅斯人那裡，將支付他們的座位，牽引，發射我們的太空人，這就是我們未來四年要做的事情。

That didn't quite pan out When former President Barack Obama took office in 2000 and eight, his administration declared Constellation over budget behind schedule and lacking and innovation.

這並不完全氾濫當前總統巴拉克-奧巴馬在2000年和八，他的政府宣佈星座超過預算落後於計劃並缺乏和創新。

It was not included in the federal budget for 2011 and officially canceled, and Russia those trips can cost more than $90 million per seat.

它沒有被列入2011年的聯邦預算並正式取消，俄羅斯那些旅行每個座位的成本可能超過9000萬美元。

So onto Plan C, the commercial crew program NASA invest up front and other companies to develop rockets.

所以到了C計劃，商業乘員計劃NASA前期投資和其他公司開發火箭。

And once a rocket is completed, NASA pays per use, which on a space X rocket costs about $55 million per seat, less than one trip on a Russian rocket.

而火箭一旦完成，NASA按使用次數付費，在Space X火箭上，每座火箭的費用約為5500萬美元，比俄羅斯火箭的一次旅行費用還低。

If you can achieve these goals, will give you more money.

如果你能實現這些目標，會給你更多的錢。

And if you can achieve those goals, will give you even more money to the point where you can launch our astronauts and test missions and will eventually pay you for tickets on your commercial spacecraft.

如果你能實現這些目標，會給你更多的錢，讓你可以發射我們的太空人和測試任務，並最終會給你支付你的商業航天器的門票。

And what you're looking at now is Space six getting their first space.

而你現在看到的是六號空間得到他們的第一個空間。

Six went through years of designing, testing and failing.

六經歷了多年的設計、測試和失敗。

And finally, in 2020 the company was ready to get veteran astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley off the ground.

而最終，在2020年，公司準備讓老牌太空人羅伯特-貝恩肯和道格拉斯-赫爾利離開地面。

It's been an incredible journey for Space six, but it hasn't been an easy one.

對於太空六號來說，這是一個不可思議的旅程，但它並不容易。

In fact, Gwynne Shotwell, the president and CEO of Space six, told business insider.

事實上，Space six的總裁兼CEO Gwynne Shotwell告訴商業內幕。

We've learned from them and because of that, we're able to do the really hard thing, which is put a crew on top of a rocket and try to launch them into space.

我們從他們身上學到了很多東西，也正因為如此，我們才能做真正困難的事情，就是把一個乘員放在火箭上面，然後試著把他們發射到太空。

We're gonna be confident about that because of the mistakes we've made in the past.

我們會對此充滿信心，因為我們過去犯過的錯誤。

Commercial crew vehicles have to be able to safely fly and return.

商用乘務車要能安全飛行和返回。

Four crew members to the space station remained docked at the station for 210 days and protect the crew and bring them back to Earth in case of emergency.

4名前往空間站的船員在空間站停靠了210天，保護船員並在緊急情況下將他們帶回地球。

And this is the Falcon nine crew Dragons final major milestone before it's cleared for operational crewed missions.

這是 "獵鷹九號 "乘務員 "龍 "號在獲准執行載人任務前的最後一個重要里程碑。

But a successful launch does not mean a successful test.

但發射成功並不意味著測試成功。

We won't be able to make that call until Banken and her earlier back on Earth, and they could stay up there for 110 days.

在班肯和她早些時候回到地球之前，我們無法打這個電話，他們可以在上面呆110天。

這是關於美國進入太空的問題。

A space six can show that it hand in hand with NASA can launch people safely into space than it opens up this huge commercial market for space and one that is distinctly an American commercial market.

航天六號可以表明，它與NASA攜手可以把人安全地發射到太空，比它打開了太空這個巨大的商業市場，而且是一個明顯的美國商業市場。

That's why this launch was deemed essential even during a pandemic.

所以這次發佈會即使在大流行期間也被認為是必不可少的。

We want to see private experiments launch in the space pharmaceutical drugs developed their new materials developed there.

我們希望看到私人實驗發射在太空製藥藥物開發他們的新材料開發那裡。

We want to see all this activity, so it's crucial that we get it going sooner versus later.

我們希望看到所有這些活動，是以，我們必須儘快與晚些時候進行。

Both astronauts have been quarantined since May 13 but this is protocol for every mission.

兩名太空人從5月13日開始被隔離，但這是每次任務的協議。

What's changed because of the co vid 19 pandemic is this.

因為19號大流感而發生變化的是。

The launch was closed to the public and hundreds of Space six and NASA employees worked in shifts and wore the necessary PPE to minimize exposure.

此次發射不對公眾開放，數百名航天六院和美國宇航局的員工輪班工作，並穿戴必要的個人防護裝備，儘量減少接觸。

Despite the risks, both pandemic related and inherent, NASA appears to be confident that this test will be a success.

儘管存在著與流行病相關的和固有的風險，但美國宇航局似乎對這次試驗的成功充滿信心。

It's already announced Basics is first operational launch tentatively set for August 2020 flying four astronauts, three American and one Japanese to the space station for a six month mission and more missions air planned after that.

它已經宣佈Basics是第一次操作發射暫定於2020年8月飛行4名太空人，3名美國人和1名日本人到空間站進行為期6個月的任務，之後計劃進行更多的任務空氣。

 It's not just about human spaceflight and spiking the football for the United States. 

不僅僅是載人航天，為美國秒殺足球。