They are always on the move.

他們總是在移動。

And our hands? They're like one big freeway, moving germs toll-free from location to location outside and inside your body.

我們的手呢？它們就像一條大的高速公路。免費將細菌從一個地點轉移到另一個地點。 在你的身體外部和內部。

But when you wash your hands, you create a major roadblock, stopping the germs in their tracks.

但當你洗手的時候。你創造了一個主要的路障。 阻止細菌在他們的軌道。

So, what would happen if you gave up handwashing forever?

那麼，如果你永遠放棄洗手會怎麼樣呢？

Your hands can have anywhere from 100,000 to a few million germs at any given time.

你的手可以有100,000個左右到幾百萬個病菌在任何時間。

Some of those germs live naturally on your skin to protect you, but a lot of them are quite literally picked up in the environment.

有些病菌是自然生長的在你的皮膚上保護你。 但他們中的很多人是相當字面意義上的 在環境中撿到的。

Those germs then sit, waiting for transportation to your mouth, nose, or eyes.

這些病菌就會靜靜地躺在那裡，等待運輸嘴、鼻子或眼睛。 而這些環境中的病菌，可以說是徹頭徹尾的邪惡。

And these environmental germs can be downright evil.

這是我們在19世紀40年代發現的。當匈牙利醫生伊格納茨-塞梅爾韋斯注意到... 當醫生進行屍檢時 然後幫助婦女分娩。 它導致母親的死亡率較高。

This was something we discovered way back in the 1840s, when Hungarian doctor Ignaz Semmelweis noticed that when doctors performed autopsies and then helped women give birth, it led to a higher death rate among the mothers.

Semmelweis實施氯氣洗手法整個醫院。 和死亡率明顯下降。

Semmelweis implemented chlorine handwashing practices throughout the hospital, and death rates dropped significantly.

現在，外面有很多致病的病菌。

Now, there are a lot of disease-causing germs out there.

遇到細菌性結膜炎。或者，你可能知道的，粉紅眼。 產膿、燒眼的感染。

Meet bacterial conjunctivitis, or, as you may know it, pink eye: the pus-producing, eye-burning infection.

比如說你上廁所，上完後不洗漱。

Say you go to the bathroom and don't wash up afterwards.

細菌就會跑到你的手上。然後一個簡單的眼睛劃痕將設置 你的粉紅眼眸開始運動。

That bacteria makes its way onto your hands, and then a simple eye scratch will set your pink eye into motion.

準備好未煮熟的肉後，撫摸某些動物。或與糞便接觸。 你的胃是關於感覺很可怕。

After preparing uncooked meat, petting certain animals, or coming in contact with fecal matter, your stomach is about to feel pretty terrible.

腹瀉引起的疾病，如沙門氏菌或賈第斯病。在不洗手的情況下，是30%的可能性。

Diarrhea-causing illnesses, like salmonella or giardiasis, are 30% more likely when you don't wash your hands.

甚至在你恢復之後。你很可能會發現自己趕上 這些病症一次又一次。

And even after you recover, you are likely to find yourself catching these illnesses again and again.

當您繼續接觸受汙染的表面時和握手，更多的病菌就會進入其中。

As you continue touching contaminated surfaces and shaking hands, more germs come into the mix.

你感染呼吸道病毒的機率會增加20%。像流行性感冒、普通感冒。 當然，還有COVID-19。 可能導致併發症 甚至嚴重的肺炎。

You are 20% more likely to catch respiratory viruses, like influenzas, the common cold, and, of course, COVID-19, potentially leading to complications or even severe pneumonia.

還有就是諾瓦克病毒。

And then there's the norovirus.

這種嚴重的胃病毒只需要一個粒子就能感染你。

This severe stomach virus only needs a single particle to infect you.

Influenzas需要50到100。

Influenzas need 50 to 100.

所以在不洗手的情況下。你幾乎可以保證遲早會抓住它。

So without handwashing, you're almost guaranteed to catch it sooner or later.

現在，你可以減少你的機會，獲得只要不接觸你的臉，就不會患上這些疾病。

Now, you could diminish your chances of getting any of these diseases by simply not touching your face.

但祝你好運。一項小型研究發現，平均而言，。 人們每小時摸臉超過20次。

But good luck; one small study found that on average, people touch their faces over 20 times an hour.

當然，細菌終究會死的如果他們沒有被傳送到一個開口處。 但因為你無法停止觸摸的東西。 你也無法 以停止拾取新的病菌和其他汙垢。 所以你的手會越來越髒。 冶煉，更冶煉。

And, sure, germs will die eventually if they haven't been transported to an opening, but because you won't be able to stop touching things, you also won't be able to stop picking up new germs and other grime, so your hands will get dirtier and dirtier, smellier and smellier.

而且有可能你也沒有保溼。這意味著你的手會變得乾燥 並會形成裂縫，形成一個完美的細菌口袋。

And chances are you aren't moisturizing either, which means your hands will become dry and cracks will form, creating a perfect pocket for germs.

比方說，現在你的手被割傷了。

Let's say that now you get a cut on your hand.

不僅這些疾病會有一個更容易的方式在裡面。 最具威脅性的病菌可能會加入 這個感染方。

Not only will all those diseases have an even easier way inside, the most menacing germs might just join this infection party.

葡萄球菌，俗稱葡萄球菌。可以是相對無害的一類細菌 甚至可以普遍存在於一些人的鼻子裡。

Staphylococcus, more commonly known as staph, can be a relatively harmless group of bacteria and can even be commonly found in some people's noses.

但當傷口開裂，葡萄球菌移入。預計皮膚刺激，癤子，發燒。 甚至血液感染。

But when a wound opens up and staph moves in, expect skin irritations, boils, fevers, and even blood infections.

一些葡萄球菌和其他細菌的菌株。再進一步。

Some strains of staph and other bacteria take it one step further.

歡迎食肉菌的到來。也是引起軟組織壞死性感染的原因。

Welcome the flesh-eating bacteria, also known for causing necrotizing soft tissue infections.

這種危及生命的感染是由以下原因造成的。的細菌侵入皮膚。 常常是在有刀口或傷口的時候。

This life-threatening infection is a result of bacteria invading the skin, often when a cut or wound is present.

它可以破壞皮膚、肌肉。並且，如果不及時治療，會導致死亡。

It can destroy the skin, muscle, and, if untreated, lead to death.

所以，你現在有一個雞尾酒傳染病。嚴重的水泡、皮疹。 你的肉體正在被生吞活剝。

So, you now have a cocktail of infectious diseases, severe blisters, rashes, and your flesh is being eaten alive.

就在這個時候，你還是趕緊離開吧。並洗手。

It's right about now you might want to rush off and wash your hands.

但記住，這與你洗的頻率無關。這是關於如何和何時清洗。

But remember, it's not about how often you wash; it's about how and when you wash.

對於如何，要保證至少20秒。覆蓋你手上的每一寸肌膚。

For how, make sure it's for at least 20 seconds, covering every inch of your hand.

如果你沒有水槽或乾淨的水。使用至少60%的酒精洗手液20秒。 確保手部始終保持溼潤。

If you don't have a sink or clean water, use at least 60% alcohol hand sanitizer for 20 seconds, making sure the hands stay wet throughout.

而對於什麼時候，什麼時候想洗就洗你可能已經接觸到了細菌。

And for when, wash whenever you think you might have come in contact with germs.

試試你能走多久不碰你的臉。

And try to see how long you can go without touching your face.