won by current WTA players,

現役WTA球員所贏得的。

and you'll notice that nearly half

你會發現，近一半的

belong to just one person:

只屬於一個人。

Serena Williams.

Serena Williams

In fact, Serena is one of the most successful

事實上，塞雷娜是最成功的一個。

tennis players of all time.

網球運動員的所有時間。

And that's in large part thanks to her iconic serve.

而這在很大程度上要歸功於她標誌性的發球。

You can break Serena's serve into four parts.

你可以把Serena的發球抽成四個部分。

The acceptance window is the area of the court

受理窗口是指法院的區域

where the ball has to land in order for the serve to count.

球必須落在哪裡才算發球。

It's determined by the minimum angle

它是由最小角度決定的

for the ball to clear the net

攔網球

and the maximum angle for it to land inbounds.

以及它落地內側的最大角度。

So, you can see here that the height

所以，你可以看到這裡的高度

at which you hit the ball makes a big difference.

在你打球的時候會有很大的不同。

Chang Kee Jung: As taller you are, you have

張紀中。你再高，你也有

more acceptance window.

更多的受理窗口。

Imagine Yao Ming learns to play tennis,

想象一下，姚明學打網球。

and if he hits the serve,

而如果他發球命中。

he will have a huge acceptance window.

他將有一個巨大的接受窗口。

Narrator: Serena isn't nearly as tall as Yao,

旁白：Serena沒有姚明那麼高

and she's not even among the tallest

她還不是最高的人

female tennis players out there.

女網球運動員在那裡。

But she makes up for it.

但她彌補了這一點。

Chang: So, Serena Williams does exceptionally well.

張。所以Serena Williams做得特別好。

At the position when she hits,

在這個位置，當她打。

her arms are fully stretched

臂膀

and then she has a little bit of jump.

然後她有一點點的跳躍。

Narrator: The stretch and jump boost the height

旁白：拉伸和跳躍能增加高度

at which she hits the ball,

在她擊球的時候。

increasing her acceptance window

增加她的接受機會

and ultimately improving her chances

並最終提高她的機會

of hitting it inbounds.

的打入界內。

Now, Serena isn't the only player who extends on the serve.

現在，塞麗娜並不是唯一一個在發球時延伸的球員。

But, according to experts, she is much more consistent.

但據專家介紹，她的表現更為穩定。

And it pays off.

而且還能得到回報。

Over the last 10 years,

在過去的10年裡。

she's won 82% of the games that she served.

她贏得了82%的比賽，她的服務。

That's a whopping 11% higher

漲幅高達11%。

than the average of the top 20 female players

比前20名女選手的平均水平

over the same time frame.

在同一時間段內。

But, of course, serving the ball inbounds

但是，當然，在界內發球。

is just the first step.

只是第一步。

What gets her all of those wins

是什麼讓她贏了那麼多錢

is the fact that she makes her serves

是事實，她使她的服務

extremely difficult to return.

極其難回。

That's where power and topspin come in.

這就是力量和上旋的作用。

Serena's power serve is one of the fastest in the game,

塞雷娜的發球速度是比賽中最快的之一。

averaging 170 kilometers per hour.

平均每小時170公里。

That's about 12 kilometers per hour faster

時速快了12公里左右。

than the average female professional tennis player.

比一般的女性職業網球運動員。

Now, part of that speed is the result of pure strength.

現在，這種速度有一部分是純粹的力量的結果。

Chang: Serena Williams, you can just see

小張Serena Williams, you can just see

she has, like, incredible, lean, muscular body,

她有一樣，令人難以置信的， 瘦，肌肉發達的身體。

so she can generate a huge amount of force.

所以她可以產生巨大的力量。

Narrator: But what really sets Serena's power serve apart

旁白：但真正讓Serena的強力發球與眾不同的是什麼呢？

is her timing.

是她的時機。

To maximize power on the serve,

為了最大限度地發揮發球的威力。

tennis players will bend their knees,

網球運動員會彎曲膝蓋。

rotate and drop the hip,

轉動並放下臀部。

lower the shoulder,

下肩。

and, most importantly, twist at the trunk.

而且，最重要的是，在樹幹處扭動。

In other words, they use their whole body

換句話說，他們用的是全身的力量

to gain as much velocity behind the serve as possible.

以獲得儘可能多的發球後的速度。

But none of that matters if you don't hit the ball

但如果你不打球，這些都不重要了

at the exact moment when your arm is at full reach

咫尺間

and your body's in mid-swing.

而你的身體在中擺。

In tennis, this is called fluidity.

在網球中，這就是所謂的流暢性。

And Serena is often credited

而Serena也經常被記入

with the most fluid serve in the sport.

與運動中最流暢的發球。

Chang: There will be no jerky motions.

昌。不會有抽搐的動作。

You will smoothly hit the ball with maximum power.

你會順利地用最大的力量擊球。

Narrator: But there's a catch to these power serves.

旁白：但這些權力服務是有問題的。

Yes, they're fast, but the velocity

是的，他們的速度很快，但速度...

narrows the acceptance window,

縮小接受窗口。

making them less reliable.

使其可靠性降低。

That's why Serena also uses topspin to her advantage,

所以塞麗娜也利用上旋的優勢。

usually when her first power serve goes out of bounds.

通常是在她第一次發力出界的時候。

Now, topspin serves are slower.

現在，上旋式發球比較慢。

For example, Serena's average topspin serve

例如，塞雷娜的平均上旋發球

is about 145 kilometers per hour,

約為每小時145公里。

25 kilometers per hour slower than her power serve.

每小時25公里，比她的發力速度還慢。

But topspin serves are more accurate

但上旋發球更準確

and still difficult to return.

且仍舊難以返回。

That's because the topspin on the ball

那是因為球的上旋力很大

forces it to drop sharply

迫使其急劇下降

right before it reaches the opponent.

就在它到達對手之前。

That change in movement is thanks to a phenomenon

這種運動的變化得益於一種現象

called the Magnus effect.

稱為馬格納斯效應。

As the ball spins through the air,

當球在空中旋轉時。

it creates a pocket of lower pressure underneath it.

它的下面會形成一個壓力較低的口袋。

And it's that low pressure

而這是低壓

that makes the ball drop abnormally fast,

使得球掉得異常快。

catching many opponents off guard.

讓很多對手措手不及。

But Serena's second serve is not the fastest in the game.

但塞雷娜的第二個發球局並不是比賽中最快的。

Maria Sharapova, for example,

比如瑪利亞-莎拉波娃。

will fire her second serve at about 150 kilometers per hour.

將以時速150公里左右的速度發出第二個發球。

But Sharapova sacrifices accuracy for speed here.

但莎拉波娃在這裡為了速度而犧牲了準確性。

For comparison, Serena has scored, on average,

相比之下，塞雷娜的平均得分。

2 1/2 fewer double faults per match

每場比賽減少2.5次雙重失誤

than Sharapova over the last 10 years.

比莎拉波娃在過去10年。

Chang: So, she combines the first serve,

小張。所以，她結合了第一個服務。

of high speed, which is a little bit more risky,

的高速，這是一個比較大的風險。

but her second serve is safer.

但她的第二個發球比較安全。

However, it has a high topspin, and it's awkward to return.

不過，它的上旋很高，回球很尷尬。

And combining these two, she becomes excellent,

而將這兩者結合起來，她就變得很優秀。

excellent service player.

優秀的服務選手。

Narrator: Meaning she scores more aces on average.

意思是她的平均得分更多意思是說她的平均得分更高

An ace is a successful serve

Ace是一個成功的發球

that the opponent's racket cannot reach

鞭長莫及

and therefore doesn't return.

是以不會返回。

Over the last 10 years,

在過去的10年裡。

Serena has recorded four more aces per match

塞雷娜每場比賽多錄得4個ACE球

than the average top 20 WTA players.

比WTA前20名球員的平均水平。

Last, but not least,

最後，但並非最不重要。

is the coup de grâce of Serena's serve:

是Serena發球的致命一擊。

disguise.

偽裝。

Chang: Another exceptional quality

張。又是一個特別的品質

is her ability to serve the ball

是她的發球能力

without telling the opponent

明目張膽

what kind of serve she will make.

她會做出什麼樣的服務。

Narrator: Check out this ball toss.

旁白：看看這個球

Normally, the way a player tosses the ball

通常情況下，球員拋球的方式是

will give their opponent a clue as to what serve is coming.

會給對手一個線索，讓他們知道什麼發球來了。

But not Serena.

但不是Serena

She tosses the ball to the same spot,

她把球扔到同一個地方。

with the same body position,

與相同的身體位置。

every single time.

每一次。

Her toss is so consistent and smooth

她折騰得很穩定，很流暢

that she manages something most others

她管理的東西，大多數其他人

find impossible to replicate.

發現無法複製。

She can disguise the serve.

她可以偽裝發球。

So, Serena could be about to deliver a topspin serve,

所以Serena可能要送出一個上旋發球。

a power serve, or even a slice serve.

發力發球，甚至是切片發球。

Yet the opponent has no way of knowing what's coming.

然而對手卻無從知曉來龍去脈。

Chang: These things are all disguised

小張。這些東西都是偽裝的

until the very last moment.

直到最後一刻。

And that makes Serena Williams'

而這也使得塞雷娜-威廉姆斯的

serve exceptionally difficult to return.

發球異常難回。

So, for as long as Serena is competing,

所以，只要塞麗娜還在比賽。

these three words have the power to strike fear

三言兩語就能打動人心

into many pro players' hearts:

進入許多職業玩家的心裡。