Name: 廷巴克圖的隱祕寶藏--伊麗莎白-考克斯。 (The hidden treasures of Timbuktu - Elizabeth Cox)
Uploaded: 2020-10-23T20:03:18.000Z
Duration: 5 min 35 s

citizens snuck out of the city of Timbuktu

They buried chests in the desert sand, hid them in caves,

他們把箱子埋在沙漠的沙子裡，藏在山洞裡。

Inside these chests was a treasure  more valuable than gold:

在這些箱子裡，有比金子還珍貴的寶藏。

Founded around 1100 CE  in what is now Mali,

公元1100年左右在現在的馬裡建立。

the city of Timbuktu started  out as an unremarkable trading post.

廷巴克圖市最初只是一個不起眼的貿易站。

But its unique location  soon changed that.

但其獨特的地理位置很快就改變了這一點。

Timbuktu marked the intersection of two essential trade routes,

廷巴克圖是兩條重要貿易路線的交匯點。

where caravans bringing  salt across the Sahara

met with traders bringing gold from the African interior.

遇到了從非洲內陸帶來黃金的商人。

By the late 1300s, these trade routes  made Timbuktu rich,

到了1300年代後期，這些貿易路線使廷巴克圖變得富有。

and the city's rulers,  the kings of the Mali Empire,

和城市的統治者，馬裡帝國的國王。

built monuments and academies that drew scholars

The city's prime location also made it a target for warlords and conquerors.

城市的優越位置也使它成為軍閥和征服者的目標。

As the Mali Empire declined,  one of its domains, Songhai,

隨著馬裡帝國的衰落，其領地之一的松海。

In 1468, the Songhai king  conquered Timbuktu,

burning buildings and murdering scholars.

But in time, intellectual life  in the city flourished again.

但隨著時間的推移，城市裡的知識分子生活又開始繁榮起來。

The reign of the second king  of the Songhai Empire,

marked the beginning of a golden age  in Timbuktu.

標誌著廷巴克圖黃金時代的開始。

He reversed his predecessor's regressive policies

The Songhai rulers and most of Timbuktu's  population were Muslim,

桑海統治者和廷巴克圖的大部分人口都是穆斯林。

and the scholars of Timbuktu  studied Islam

和廷巴克圖的學者研究伊斯蘭教。

alongside secular topics  like mathematics and philosophy.

與數學和哲學等世俗話題並列。

tracts of Greek philosophy stood alongside the writings

希臘哲學的小冊子和著作並存。

of local historians, scientists, and poets.

當地歷史學家、科學家和詩人的。

The city's most prominent scholar, Ahmed Baba,

該市最著名的學者艾哈邁德-巴巴。

challenged prevailing opinions on subjects

Gold and salt trade had funded the city's transformation

金鹽貿易曾為城市的改造提供資金

Now, the products  of that intellectual culture

and vibrant ink from local plants and minerals,

和來自當地植物和礦物的鮮豔墨水。

the scribes of Timbuktu produced  texts in both Arabic

廷巴克圖的文士用阿拉伯文和阿拉伯文製作了文字。

Written in calligraphy and decorated with intricate geometric designs,

用書法書寫，並以複雜的幾何圖案裝飾。

the books of Timbuktu were in demand among the wealthiest members of society.

廷巴克圖的書籍在社會最富有的成員中很受歡迎。

In 1591, the golden age  came to an abrupt end

when the Moroccan king  captured Timbuktu.

Moroccan forces imprisoned  Ahmed Baba and other prominent scholars

摩洛哥軍隊監禁了Ahmed Baba和其他著名學者

In the centuries that followed, the city  weathered a succession of conquests.

在隨後的幾個世紀裡，這座城市經歷了一系列的征服。

In the mid-1800s,  Sufi Jihadists occupied Timbuktu

19世紀中葉，蘇菲聖戰者佔領了廷巴克圖。

and destroyed many non-religious manuscripts.

1894, French colonial forces seized control of the city,

1894年，法國殖民軍奪取了該市的控制權。

stealing even more manuscripts and sending them to Europe.

竊取更多的手稿，並將其送往歐洲。

French became the official language taught in schools,

couldn't read the Arabic manuscripts  that remained.

Through it all, the literary tradition of Timbuktu didn't die—

在這一切中，廷巴克圖的文學傳統並沒有消亡--。

Some families built secret libraries in their homes,

有的家庭在家中建立了祕密圖書館。

Others stashed them in abandoned caves  or holes in the desert.

其他人則把它們藏在廢棄的山洞或沙漠中的洞裡。

dispersed to villages  throughout the surrounding area,

where regular citizens guarded  them for hundreds of years.

在那裡，普通市民守護了幾百年。

As desertification and war  impoverished the region,

由於荒漠化和戰爭使該地區陷入貧困。

even as they faced desperate poverty and near-starvation.

即使他們面臨著絕望的貧困和幾乎捱餓。

Even today, the struggle to protect the books continues.

即使在今天，保護圖書的鬥爭仍在繼續。

Timbuktu scholar Abdel Kader Haidara painstakingly retrieved hidden manuscripts

廷巴克圖學者阿卜杜勒-卡德爾-海達拉費盡心思地找回了隱藏的手稿。

from all over northern Mali  and brought them back to Timbuktu.

But in 2012, civil war in Mali  once again threatened the manuscripts,

但在2012年，馬裡的內戰再次威脅到了手稿。

most of which were evacuated to nearby Bamako.

其中大部分人被疏散到附近的巴馬科。

as they face both human  and environmental threats.

因為它們面臨著人類和環境的雙重威脅。

These books represent our best— and often only—

這些書代表了我們最好的，往往也是唯一的。

sources on the pre-colonial history of the region.

關於該地區殖民前歷史的資料。

Many of them have never been  read by modern scholars,

其中很多是現代學者從未讀過的。

and still more remain lost  or hidden in the desert.

還有更多的人仍然迷失或隱藏在沙漠中。

At stake in the efforts to protect them is the history they contain—

保護它們的努力關係到它們所包含的歷史----。

and the efforts of countless generations to protect that history from being lost.

以及無數代人為保護這段歷史不丟失所做的努力。

字幕列表影片播放

廷巴克圖的隱祕寶藏--伊麗莎白-考克斯。 (The hidden treasures of Timbuktu - Elizabeth Cox)

struggle

desperate

ancient

poverty