Name: How to build a resilient future using ancient wisdom | Julia Watson
Uploaded: 2020-10-23T18:55:45.000Z
Duration: 8 min 31 s

When you imagine the architectural wonders of the world,

or maybe the amazing aqueducts of Ancient Rome?

Both of these are amazing feats of human innovation.

這兩者都是人類創新的驚人壯舉。

I've often wondered why do we monumentalize the ancient wonders

of civilizations that collapsed such a long time ago?

我常想知道，為什麼我們要紀念

I've traveled the world studying ancient innovation,

崩壞已久的古代文明奇觀的遺跡?

and what I've found are Indigenous technologies from living cultures

我發現土著技術 在現存的文明中仍在使用。

And some of these cultures you may have never heard of.

其中有些文明你可能從來沒有聽說過。

They live in the most remote places on earth,

他們生活在地球上最偏遠的地方，

facing environmental extremes like desert drought and frequent flooding

A couple of years ago, I traveled to northern India

to a place overlooking the plains of Bangladesh

那裡的卡西族人生活在一片森林中，

in a forest that receives more rainfall than anywhere else on earth.

降雨量比地球上任何地方都多。

travel between villages is cut off by these floods,

from a forested canopy into isolated islands.

This hill tribe has evolved living root bridges

這個山地部落已經發展出活根橋，

that are created by guiding and growing tree roots

that you can barely wrap your arms around

攀附在精心建構的鷹架來築成的，

樹根粗到幾乎無法用雙臂環抱。

Multiple generations of the Khasi men and the women and the children,

好幾代的卡西族男人、女人和小孩

as they grow to the other side of that bank,

where they're then planted to make a structure

然後把根種到土裡， 讓這座橋越老卻越堅固。

栽培活根橋是個 延續了 1,500 年的傳統，

This 1,500-year-old tradition of growing living root bridges

已建造出 75 座 這種不可思議的結構。

has produced 75 of these incredible structures.

但在這地形中能夠持續好幾個世紀。

in this landscape they actually last for centuries.

我看到了幾千年來 生活在洪水中的文明，

I've seen cultures who have been living with floods for thousands of years

他們因發展這些古老技術 而得以與洪水共存。

by evolving these ancient technologies that allow them to work with the water.

由底格里斯河和幼發拉底河 匯合而形成的濕地

which are formed by the confluence of the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers,

a unique, water-based civilization lives.

六千年來，阿拉伯的馬丹人 (Ma'dān) 生活在人造島嶼上漂浮的村莊，

For 6,000 years, the Maʿdān have floated villages

這些島嶼是由一種 生長在它們周圍的蘆葦建造的。

on man-made islands that are constructed from a single species of reed

這種卡薩布蘆葦 是他們生活不可或缺的一部分。

And the Qasab reed is integral to every aspect of life.

和他們在三天內 就蓋好的大教堂般的房子

and building material for these biodegradable, buoyant islands

that they construct in as little as three days.

可用來編織成地板、屋頂或牆壁，

it can be woven into floors or roofs or walls,

用來固定這些建築， 而不需要任何釘子。

that's used to bind these buildings without the use of any nails.

The Maʿdān villages are constructed in the marsh,

當下全球的注意力 都集中在新冠病毒疫情上，

on islands that stay afloat for over 25 years.

但城市仍在下沉，海平面仍在上升。

Although global attention is focused on the pandemic,

高科技當然能幫我們解決部分問題，

cities are still sinking and sea levels are still rising.

are definitely going to help us solve some of these problems,

在世界的另一些地方， 河流被人類污水污染，

有個 1,500 萬人口的城市 用洪泛平原清理廢水。

In other parts of the world, where rivers are contaminated with sewage,

a city of 15 million people cleans its waste water with its flood plains.

並有公路貫穿的一個 由三百個魚池構成的土著技術，

為這個城市淨化廢水並生產食物。

flanked by a smoking escarpment of the city's trash

an Indigenous technology of 300 fish ponds

cleans its water while producing its food.

And through a combination of sunshine and sewage

and a symbiosis between algae and bacteria,

不僅僅是一個不仰賴 化學和煤炭能源的淨水模型。

Fish ponds continue this cleaning of the water

由於加爾各答的核心 沒有適當的水處理設施，

這是城市廢水在進入孟加拉灣前

it's not just a model for chemical and coal-power-free purification.

Since Calcutta's core has no formal treatment,

it's the city's only way of cleaning the water downstream

開始複製和這一模一樣的系統時，

加爾各答卻在努力挽救它 免受現代化發展的影響。

What I find so unbelievable about this infrastructure

為了以完全不同的方式處理洪水，

is that as cities across the world in Asia and in Europe

托菲努（Tofinu）部落 開發了非洲最大的湖城。

Ganvié——意思是「我們活下來了」——

Calcutta is now struggling to save it from being displaced by development.

是高蹺的房子，圍繞一個運河系統，

And then to deal with flooding in a completely other way,

the Tofinu tribe has developed the largest lake city in Africa.

皇家廣場四周圍繞著 3,000 座高蹺建築，

is built of stilted houses that are organized around a canal system

And the royal square stands amongst 3,000 stilted buildings

四周圍繞著 12,000 個魚類養殖圍場，

或稱為紅樹林阿卡賈（acadja）。

這個不用化學物質的人工礁岸 幾乎覆蓋了瀉湖的一半，

為生活在瀉湖周圍的 一百萬人提供食物。

that are all surrounded by 12,000 individual fish paddocks,

雖然單一個阿卡賈相當微不足道，

This chemical-free artificial reef covers almost half of the lagoon

and feeds one million people that are living around it.

就成了一項跟現代 水產養殖規模一樣的土著技術。

現代水產養殖產業 是紅樹林生態系的最大威脅，

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How to build a resilient future using ancient wisdom | Julia Watson

individual

crisis

ancient

infrastructure