Name: 我們衡量颶風強度的方式有什麼問題？ (What’s Wrong With The Way We Measure Hurricane Intensity)
Uploaded: 2020-10-23T18:43:46.000Z
Duration: 5 min 35 s

Water is deadlier than wind when it comes to hurricanes.

In fact, it causes 90% of the loss of lives

事實上，90%的生命損失是由它造成的。

But when meteorologists talk about a Category 3 system

both how strong and how wet the systems are.

無論是系統的強度還是溼潤程度。

In general, we tell people in the meteorological community

一般情況下，我們告訴氣象界的人們

to hide from the wind, but run from the water.

But if we know water can actually cause more damage,

但是如果我們知道水其實會造成更大的傷害。

why haven't we updated the way we measure hurricanes?

為什麼我們沒有更新我們測量颶風的方式？

The Saffir-Simpson scale, going from 1 to 5,

measures the speed of sustained winds of a hurricane.

It was developed in the 1970s to calculate

它是在20世紀70年代開發的，用於計算

sidings, and knock large branches out of trees.

once winds increase to 111 miles per hour.

一旦風速增加到每小時111英里。

And there's a high chance of injury or death.

Category 5 hurricanes have winds over 157 miles per hour,

5級颶風的風速超過每小時157英里。

Storm surge happens when winds push water from the sea

風暴潮發生時，風把水從海里推上來。

It's fast, powerful, and can send 10 to 20 feet of water

它速度快，威力大，可以送10到20英尺的水。

Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest storms

颶風卡特里娜是最致命的風暴之一。

meant it was only classified as a Category 3

The water broke the levies protecting New Orleans.

水流衝破了保護新奧爾良的堤壩。

And within a day, about 80% of the city was underwater.

而在一天之內，約有80%的城市被淹沒。

we really didn't, we didn't have in the collective

我們真的沒有，我們沒有在集體中的

public mindset the difference between a really large

公眾心態與真正的大公司之間的區別

powerful storm and a compact powerful storm.

強大的風暴和緊湊的強大風暴。

the levies failing in New Orleans, things like that.

新奧爾良的徵收失敗，這樣的事情。

like Hurricane Dolly, which slammed South Texas in 2008,

如2008年襲擊南德克薩斯的颶風 "多莉"。

can leave behind death and destruction for the same reason.

可以留下死亡和毀滅的原因是一樣的。

有一段時間，薩菲爾-辛普森量表。

the specific dangers of each storm to the public

since the threats from water and wind can be so different.

因為來自水和風的威脅可能是如此不同。

So in 2017, NOAA's National Hurricane Center

所以在2017年，NOAA的國家颶風中心。

started issuing official storm surge watches and warnings.

開始發佈官方的風暴潮預警和警告。

What's different about the storm surge warning

is what's different about the storm surge.

It can occur in somewhat different locations

than the strongest wind, and at different times.

比最強的風，而且在不同的時間。

These advisories are key to helping people prepare,

這些建議是幫助人們做好準備的關鍵。

even if they're not directly in the path of a storm.

即使他們不直接在風暴的路徑。

But they still leave out potential flooding

which is a whole other advisory from NOAA.

這是一個完整的其他諮詢 從諾阿。

You need to know if your location's going to be

你需要知道你的位置是否會被。

impacted by storm surge, or potentially freshwater flooding

受風暴潮影響，或潛在的淡水氾濫。

that occurs from incredible rainfall amounts.

這是由不可思議的降雨量所產生的。

Because the time to evacuate, or whatever,

因為到了撤離的時間，或者是什麼。

isn't when the water is rising into your home,

The Saffir-Simpson scale's historical popularity

薩菲爾-辛普森量表的歷史知名度

means it's unlikely to go away anytime soon.

But there are a few alternatives out there,

like the Hurricane Severity Index, owned by StormGeo,

如StormGeo所擁有的颶風嚴重程度指數。

the size of a hurricane and the intensity of its winds.

Each component gets 25 points, to be more precise.

準確的說，每個部件都能得到25分。

Size is very important because it matters

尺寸是非常重要的，因為它很重要

how much time a hurricane's going to hit you.

The HSI can also help people compare storms

The index would have placed Katrina's damage potential

該指數會將卡特里娜颶風的潛在破壞性放在首位

While its intensity was only 13 out of 25,

But media outlets rarely use the index as a tool,

relying mostly on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

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我們衡量颶風強度的方式有什麼問題？ (What’s Wrong With The Way We Measure Hurricane Intensity)

potential

mindset

devastating

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