Hey, E. I think these are Mr. E's socks or his sock.

嘿，E，我想這是E先生的襪子或他的襪子。

E, is this yours?

E，這是你的嗎？

Hi. James from engVid.

嗨，我是engVid的James

Today I'm going to do a lesson on the apostrophe, specifically about possession.

今天我要做一節關於撇號的課，特別是關於佔有的課。

And actually, this sock is mine and I want to thank Giovana, Nathanial, J2 (Joal), and

實際上，這隻襪子是我的，我要感謝Giovana、Nathanial、J2（Joal），以及。

Izis from Brazil because I taught them, and they bought me these beautiful socks.

Izis來自巴西，因為我教他們，他們給我買了這些漂亮的襪子。

So, give me a second; let me put them on.

所以，給我一點時間；讓我把它們穿上。

[Whistles]

[口哨聲]

Speaking of belonging, I want to go to the board and I want to do...

說到歸屬感，我想去董事會，我想做... ...

We'll explain a couple of ways we use the apostrophe to show possession in three different

我們將解釋幾種我們使用撇號的方式，以表明在三種不同的情況下擁有

cases.

的案件。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, the apostrophe is used for many things.

所以，撇號的用途很多。

Contractions - when we say: "don't" or "can't".

收縮詞--當我們說："不要 "或 "不能"。

Okay, you know that one.

好吧，你知道那一個。

But this lesson is specifically about possession.

但這節課是專門講佔有。

If we look at single possession, that means one person owns something, we actually have

如果我們看單項佔有，也就是一個人擁有某樣東西，其實我們有

the thing, the noun (in this case, John), and we add the apostrophe plus "s".

的東西，名詞（在本例中，約翰），我們加上引號加 "s"。

This doesn't make it plural.

這並不意味著它是複數。

It means, in this case: "John's hat is red."

這意味著，在這種情況下，"約翰的帽子是紅色的"

The hat belongs to John.

帽子是約翰的

So, by adding this apostrophe "s" it tells us: Not plural, but it does belong to John.

所以，加上這個引號 "s"，就告訴我們。不是複數，但它確實屬於約翰。

Simple enough, right?

很簡單，對吧？

Add an apostrophe "s", you know it's belonging.

加個撇號 "s"，就知道是屬於。

This is James' book, and this is actually a really good one because some people will

這是詹姆斯的書，這其實是一本非常好的書，因為有些人會

say you can't say: "James'" or "Charles'".

說你不能說。"詹姆斯的 "或 "查爾斯的"。

If you go to England, you can.

如果你去英國，你可以。

Check it out; we have another lesson on that, so do so.

看看吧，我們還有一節課要上，所以要上。

But the apostrophe "s" means it belongs to a singular person.

但撇號 "s "表示它屬於單數人。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, when I said: "Mr. E's sock".

所以，當我說，"E先生的襪子"，"E先生的襪子 "的時候，

Next one, let's talk about plurals with "s".

下一個，我們說說帶 "s "的複數。

Well, okay, we understand what a single thing is with "s", right?

好了，好了，我們明白了什麼是帶 "s "的單品了吧？

But what happens if we have something like a plural, we have two boys and they have red

但如果我們有類似複數的東西，我們有兩個男孩，他們有紅色的，會怎麼樣？

hats, how do we discuss that?

帽子，我們怎麼討論這個問題？

Well, simple.

嗯，簡單。

Because "boys" has an "s" already, we don't need to add another apostrophe "s".

因為 "男孩 "已經有了 "s"，所以我們不需要再加一個撇號 "s"。

We simply put the apostrophe after the "s".

我們只需在 "s "後面加上引號即可。

That indicates to us that you can imagine...

這說明你可以想象... ...

There's an imaginary "s", if I could.

如果可以的話，還有一個想象中的 "s"。

There's an imaginary "s" that goes here, but it's not necessary because we know it's already

這裡有一個虛構的 "s"，但沒有必要，因為我們知道它已經存在了

plural here and it's belongs to.

這裡的複數和它的所屬。

So: "The boys' hats are blue."

所以說"男孩的帽子是藍色的"

There are two boys and the hats belong to the boys, so: "The boys' hats are blue."

有兩個男孩，帽子是男孩的，所以。"男孩的帽子是藍色的"

Cool?

酷嗎？

All right.

好吧，我知道了

Let's move on to the next one, and what I want to talk about here is compound plurals.

我們接著說下一個，我這裡要講的是複數。

Now, you might be saying: "What's a compound plural?"

現在，你可能會說，"什麼是複數？"什麼是複數？"

Well, in this case, we're taking two objects and putting them together.

好吧，在這種情況下，我們要把兩個對象放在一起。

And maybe these two objects share the same thing and maybe they don't, and we can show

也許這兩個對象有相同的地方，也許沒有，我們可以顯示出

the difference by how we use our apostrophes.

不同的是，我們如何使用我們的省略號。

Now, in this case, we're going to look at, well, Bill and Hillary.

現在，在這種情況下，我們要看看，嗯，比爾和希拉里。

Okay?

好嗎？

Bill and Hillary have a house together.

比爾和希拉里在一起有一套房子。

So, if you want to talk about both of them and you don't want to say: "Bill's house is

所以，如果你想談論他們兩個，而你又不想說："比爾的房子是

nice.

很好。

Hillary's house is nice", you can actually say...

希拉里的房子不錯"，其實你可以說...

One and one is the same, if it's the same: "Bill and Hillary's", okay?

一個和一個是一樣的，如果是一樣的："比爾和希拉里的"，好嗎？

So: "Bill and Hillary's house is nice."

所以說"比爾和希拉里的房子很好。"

In this case, we're saying these are compounded, this is a conjunction, they're together, that's

在這種情況下，我們說這些是複合的，這是一個連詞，他們在一起，這就是

why it's compound.

為什麼是複合。

It's a compound noun; they go together.

這是一個複合名詞，它們是一起的。

We put the apostrophe "s" to say it's one unit...

我們用引號 "s "表示是一個組織、部門... ...

Okay?

好嗎？

Because it's a compound.

因為它是一個化合物。

And because of that, this one unit has a nice house.

也正因為如此，這一個單元的房子很好。

Cool?

酷嗎？

All right.

好吧，我知道了

I know, you're smart and you're going: "But James, what if what they have is different;

我知道，你很聰明，你要去。"但是，詹姆斯，如果他們有什麼是不同的，

they don't share the same thing?"

他們不共戴天？"

I'm glad you asked this, grasshopper, because what we're going to look at is an opinion.

我很高興你問這個問題，螞蚱，因為我們要看的是一個意見。

Opinion, like shoes or socks, can be different.

意見，就像鞋子或襪子一樣，可以是不同的。

And I'm going to show you that example here, because in this case, we do have a compound.

而我要在這裡向你展示這個例子，因為在這種情況下，我們確實有一個化合物。

These two things are together, but they are different; they don't share the same thing.

這兩樣東西是在一起的，但它們是不同的，它們並不是同一個東西。

In this case, we can see that Barbara is saying: "No", while George is saying: "Yes".

在這種情況下，我們可以看到芭芭拉在說："不"，而喬治說："是"。

We can't say they have the same opinion; we have to say it differently.

我們不能說他們的意見相同，我們要換一種說法。

So, we put an apostrophe "s" here to say Barbara is single and George is single, and it gives

所以，我們在這裡放一個撇號 "s"，說芭芭拉是單身，喬治是單身，它給出了

the idea that these things are not the same.

的想法，這些東西是不一樣的。

All right?

好嗎？

We might say the opinion is the same, the word "opinion", but what they share in opinions

我們可能會說，意見是一樣的，"意見 "二字，但他們共同的意見是什麼呢？

are different, and we illustrate that by saying: "No" and "Yes".

是不同的，我們通過說。"不是 "和 "是"。

And in this sentence: "Barbara's and George's opinions were different."

而在這句話中，"芭芭拉和喬治的意見是不同的。"芭芭拉和喬治的意見是不同的。"

We have the compound, right?

我們有大院，對吧？

They're together, as in joined with a compound, this conjunction, but each opinion is different.

他們在一起，就像加入了一個複合體，這個連體，但是每個人的意見都不一樣。

So, it could be said: "Barbara's opinion was different."

所以，可以說。"芭芭拉的意見是不同的"

And: "George's opinion was different."

還有"喬治的意見是不同的。"

That's two sentences.

這是兩句話。

It's complex, but we can make it simpler by making a compound noun and then saying their

這很複雜，但我們可以把它簡單化，做一個複合名詞，然後說他們的

opinions were different.

意見不同。

Cool?

酷嗎？

Do you like that?

你喜歡這樣嗎？

So, now that I think you've got it, I'm going to give you a little rule that will help you

所以，現在我想你已經明白了，我要給你一個小規則，這將幫助你。

if you're still a little bit confused, okay?

如果你還是有點困惑，好嗎？

And it's the rule of "of".

而這是 "的 "的規則。

So, let's go to the board.

所以，我們去董事會吧。

So, if you can put "of" in the sentence, you need...

所以，如果你能把 "的 "放在句子裡，你需要... ...

Sorry.

對不起，我不知道

I should have thought about this, but it's "an apostrophe" because it starts with an

我應該想到這一點，但它是 "撇號"，因為它的開頭是一個

"a".

"a".

But anyways, so you need an apostrophe.

但無論如何，所以你需要一個撇號。

So, let's use an example: "John's hat is red."

那麼，讓我們用一個例子。"約翰的帽子是紅色的"

Clear.

清楚了

Okay?

好嗎？

Now, if you're going: "I'm a bit confused", we can make a sentence, and I don't like it,

現在，如果你要。"我有點糊塗了"，我們可以造一句話，我不喜歡這樣。

but you can say: "The hat of John is red."

但你可以說，"約翰的帽子是紅色的"約翰的帽子是紅色的"

That would make sense, and it'd be okay, but we find, in English especially, that it's

這將是有意義的，這將是好的，但我們發現，在英語特別是，它是。

better to show the possession through the apostrophe "s".

最好通過省略號 "s "來表示擁有。

Cool?

酷嗎？

You could also say: "That hats of the boys are blue.", or: "The boys had blue hats.",

你也可以說："男孩們的帽子是藍色的"，或者："男孩們的帽子是藍色的"。

or: "The boys' hats are blue."

或："男孩的帽子是藍色的"

I'll just put "the": "The boys' hats are blue."

我就說 "the "吧。"男孩們的帽子是藍色的。"

See that rule?

看到那個規則了嗎？

Okay.

好吧，我知道了

We could follow it over here, you know: The opinion of George and the opinion of...

我們可以在這裡跟蹤它，你知道的。喬治的意見和... ...

You get it.

你懂的

We don't have to go through that again.

我們不必再經歷一次。

But what we do know...

但我們知道的是...

Actually, I shouldn't say you get it because you know we're going to do the test, and when

其實，我不應該說你懂，因為你知道我們要做測試，當

we do the test I'll check to see if you know, and you can see how well you've learned this

我們做測試，我會檢查你是否知道，你可以看到你的學習情況。

lesson.

課。

Are you ready?

你準備好了嗎？

Let's go to the board.

我們去董事會吧。

[Snaps]

[啪啪]

Let's go to the board.

我們去董事會吧。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, I want to do a little thing before we start; just a tiny, little thing because I

所以，在我們開始之前，我想做一件小事；只是一件很小很小的事，因為我... ...

want to add into the lesson.

想要添加到課程中。

What I wanted to mentioned is that right here: When you use words like: "my", "hers", "his",

我想提到的是，就在這裡。當你用這樣的詞，"我的"、"她的"、"他的"，

or "theirs", they're called possessive pronouns.

或 "他們的"，它們被稱為佔有式代詞。

You don't add an apostrophe "s" there.

你不要在那裡加一個撇號 "s"。

You probably know that already, but just in case you don't, I'm just going to give you

你可能已經知道了，但以防萬一你不知道，我只是要給你

a quick lesson on that.

一下子就明白了。

Right?

對吧？

So, don't add an apostrophe with "theirs" or "hers".

所以，不要用 "他們的 "或 "她的 "加引號。

You can see there's an "s" here, it's not necessary.

你可以看到這裡有一個 "s"，沒有必要。

They're pronouns that show possession, so it's understood that they belong to someone.

它們是顯示佔有的代詞，所以人們理解為它們是屬於某個人的。

All right?

好嗎？

"His", "hers", "ours", "theirs", "my".

"他的"、"她的"、"我們的"、"他們的"、"我的"。

Okay?

好嗎？

Now, let's go to the board and we're going to take a look at some sentences.

現在，讓我們到黑板上看看一些句子。

Now, I want to see how well you understand or you've mastered the lesson, because you

現在，我想看看你有多大的理解能力，或者說你已經掌握了這門課，因為你...

should be able to know where there is an apostrophe needed or if one's not needed.

應該能夠知道哪裡需要撇號或者不需要撇號。

So, let's go to the board and take a look at the following sentences.

那麼，讓我們到黑板上看看下面的句子。

"Alices opinion of Toms house was very different to mine'.

"Alices對Toms家的看法與我截然不同。

I thought his house was too expensive, while Alice thought it was cheap.

我覺得他的房子太貴了，而愛麗絲卻覺得很便宜。

When we arrived at Toms house, both Alices' opinion and my' opinion had changed.

當我們到達湯姆斯家時，阿利西斯和我的看法都發生了變化。

I thought of..."

我想到了......"

Sorry.

對不起，我不知道

"I thought all of the rooms colours were great, while she thought only the bedrooms colour

"我覺得所有房間的顏色都很好，而她只覺得臥室的顏色很好

was nice."

是不錯的。"

Now, these sentences can lead to some confusion if it's a plural or if it's singular.

現在，這些句子如果是複數還是單數，會導致一些混亂。

Right?

對吧？

And who it belongs to, and whether or not it should have an apostrophe.

以及它屬於誰，是否應該有一個撇號。

So, the first thing I want to do is identify what we should change.

所以，我想做的第一件事就是確定我們應該改變什麼。

Now, before I get started, if you think you know what you're doing, and some of you do,

在我開始之前，如果你認為你知道你在做什麼，你們中的一些人知道，

I'm going to tell you to pause right now, make the corrections, and then you can come

我要告訴你，現在暫停，進行修正，然後你就可以來。

back and see how we do.

回來看看我們怎麼做。

If you don't know or you're not sure, or you...

如果你不知道或者你不確定，或者你... ...

Hey, you just want to play with me, we'll go to the board and I'll explain each one

嘿，你只是想跟我玩，我們去棋盤上，我給你一一講解

to you.

給你。

Okay?

好嗎？

And then we'll make our corrections down there.

然後我們會在下面進行修正。

So, those of you guys who want to do it by yourself, I'd say stop now.

所以，那些想自己動手的人，我想說現在就停止吧。

Okay.

好吧，我知道了

And the rest of you, let's go to the board.

剩下的人，讓我們去董事會。

The first thing to show that we've learned the lesson is to identify.

首先要表明我們已經學到了教訓，就是鑑定。

So, I'm going to look right here: "Alices opinion".

所以，我要看這裡。"Alices的意見"。

It belongs to Alice, so I'm going to say: "Alices opinion" I think we have to correct,

它屬於愛麗絲，所以我要說。"Alices的意見 "我認為我們必須糾正。

here.

在這裡。

Now, "Toms house", I think the house is his, so we have to correct that one.

現在，"湯姆斯的房子"，我認為房子是他的，所以我們要糾正這個問題。

What about "mine'"?

那 "我的 "呢？

I mentioned something a few minutes ago about "mine" and apostrophes, or "my" for possessive

我剛才提到了一些關於 "我的 "和省略號的事情，或者說佔有性的 "我的"。

pronouns.

代詞。

Let's see, where are we?

讓我們看看，我們在哪裡？

So: "I thought his'"-okay-"house was too expensive, while Alice thought it was cheap when we arrived

所以，"我覺得他的""好的""房子太貴了，"我認為他的"--好吧--"房子太貴了，而愛麗絲認為我們來的時候很便宜。

at", and there's "Toms house" again.

在"，又有 "湯姆家"。

I want to look at that.

我想看看這個。

And I also see "Alices' opinion" has shown up.

而且我還看到 "Alices的意見 "也出現了。

Let's take a look at that.

我們來看看這個。

"...my' opinion", similar to "mine", okay, we got that.

"......我的'意見'"，類似於 "我的"，好吧，我們知道了。

And: "I thought all of the rooms colours", interesting.

而。"我覺得所有房間的顏色"，有趣。"我認為所有房間的顏色"，很有趣。

I think I have to look at that.

我想我得看看這個。

Okay?

好嗎？

And I'm saying that because I've got "all", so I think this is a plural, but I'm not too

而我之所以這麼說，是因為我有 "都"，所以我認為這是一個複數，但我不太

sure; we'll come back.

當然，我們會回來的。

And: "were great, while she thought only"-we got to look here-"the bedrooms colour was

而且，"是偉大的，而她認為只有"--我們得看看她--"臥室的顏色是... ...

nice".

不錯的'。

Now that we've underlined each one, let's take a look what it is.

現在我們已經把每一個都劃了線，我們來看看它是什麼。

"Alices opinion".

"Alices的意見"。

We're going to come down here and we'll fix it up, and put the apostrophe if it's needed

我們會來這裡修整一下，如果需要的話，就加個引號。

or we'll take it away if it's not.

不然的話我們就把它拿走。

First things first: "Alices opinion".

第一件事："Alices的意見"。

So, "Alices opinion" will require an apostrophe because the opinion belongs to Alice.

所以，"Alices opinion "需要用撇號，因為這個意見是屬於Alice的。

"Toms house", now, these are single objects, right?

"湯姆之家"，現在，這些都是單一對象，對嗎？

So, we know it's apostrophe "s" from the last lesson.

所以，我們從上一節課就知道是撇號 "s"。

Apostrophe "s", okay?

撇號 "s"，好嗎？

Because they're single objects.

因為它們是單一對象。

Cool?

酷嗎？

"...different to mine'".

"......與我的不同"。

Well, we know "mine" and "my" means belongs to, so this actually isn't necessary.

好吧，我們知道 "我的 "和 "我的 "的意思是屬於，所以這個其實沒有必要。

"I thought his' house", and once again, there's an apostrophe here.

"我以為他的'家'"，這裡又一次出現了一個撇號。

Luckily I forgot to put it on, but you've already guessed.

幸好我忘了戴，不過你已經猜到了。

"...his house", we don't need it.

"... 他的房子"，我們不需要它。

Okay?

好嗎？

"I thought his house was to"... Oops. "...too expensive, while Alice thought it was cheap".

"我以為他的房子是"...糟了"... ...太貴了，而愛麗絲卻認為它很便宜"。

No change here because we said: "Alice thought", it's not her opinion; it's just a verb we

這裡沒有變化，因為我們說。"愛麗絲認為"，這不是她的觀點，這只是一個動詞，我們...

use.

使用。

"When we arrived at", now, we looked at "Toms house", here, once again, it's single and

"到了"，現在，我們看 "湯姆斯家"，這裡，又是單身，又是。

we show it belongs to Tom by putting the apostrophe "s".

我們通過加引號 "s "來表示它屬於湯姆。

"Both Alices' opinion"...

"兩個Alices的意見"... ...

Now, here's the thing: We do have an apostrophe, great.

現在，問題是：我們確實有一個撇號，很好。

But this apostrophe is in the wrong place.

但這個撇號的位置不對。

Remember?

記得嗎？

It's a single thing, so it should go here.

這是一個單一的東西，所以它應該在這裡。

So: "Alice's opinion and my opinion had changed".

所以說，"愛麗絲的觀點和我的觀點都發生了變化"。"愛麗絲的觀點和我的觀點都改變了"

No apostrophe needed for "my"; it's possessive pronoun.

"我的 "不需要撇號，它是佔有式代詞。

"I thought all", now notice "all" means more than one.

"我以為都"，現在注意 "都 "的意思不止一個。

So, this is plural.

所以，這是複數。

So: "I thought all of the rooms colours", and that's what can lead to confusion because

所以說："我以為所有房間的顏色"。"我以為所有的房間都有顏色"，這就是導致混亂的原因，因為：