REAGAN: Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.

戈爾巴喬夫先生，拆掉這堵牆吧。

Or this.

或者這個。

Or maybe...

也許...

HASSELHOFF: I've been looking for freedom!

我一直在尋找自由！

These moments were huge in unifying Berlin and undermining the physical symbol of a divided

這些時刻對統一柏林和破壞一個分裂的物理象徵是巨大的。

Europe during the Cold War.

冷戰期間，歐洲。

But they don't top this one. The last few minutes of an otherwise uneventful press conference

但他們並沒有頂上這個。一場原本平淡無奇的新聞發佈會的最後幾分鐘裡

on November 9th, 1989:

於1989年11月9日。

It might not look like it, but this is the moment the Berlin Wall became obsolete – completely

它可能看起來不像，但這是柏林牆變得過時的那一刻--徹底的

by mistake.

誤。

After the allied powers defeated Nazi Germany in World War II, they divided the country

盟國在二戰中打敗納粹德國後，對德國進行了瓜分。

into four parts, each controlled by a separate power.

分為四個部分，每個部分由一個獨立的電源控制。

These formed into two new countries in 1949.

這些國家在1949年組成了兩個新的國家。

Democratic West Germany and Soviet-controlled communist East Germany, officially named the

民主的西德和蘇聯控制的共產主義東德，正式命名為。

German Democratic Republic, or GDR.

德意志民主共和國

Through the 1950s, West Germany prospered as a free society and industrious member of

在20世紀50年代，西德作為一個自由社會和勤勞的成員，繁榮發展。

Europe, and hundreds of thousands of East Germans began emigrating west, in search of

歐洲，幾十萬東德人開始向西移民，以尋找新的生活方式。

new opportunities.

新的機會。

To stem the tide, the GDR erected a barrier along the Inner German Border.

為了阻止這股潮流，東德在內德邊境建立了一道屏障。

Separating the two countries with barbed wire, guarded checkpoints, and, in many places,

用鐵絲網、守衛檢查站將兩國隔離開來，而且，在許多地方。

defensive measures like land mines.

地雷等防禦措施；

But there was a loophole – in Berlin.

但有一個漏洞--在柏林。

And it goes back to when the 4 allied powers controlled Germany.

而這要追溯到四國聯軍控制德國的時候。

See, even though the German capital was well inside the Soviet zone, the allies divided

你看，儘管德國首都在蘇區內部，但盟軍卻劃分了

control of it equally to match the rest of the country.

對它的控制權同樣要與國家其他地區相匹配。

And when East and West Germany formed, so did East and West Berlin.

而當東德和西德形成後，東柏林和西柏林也形成了。

Even as the Inner German Border fortified, Berlin had no physical barrier dividing it.

即使是內德邊境設防，柏林也沒有物理屏障將其隔開。

East Germans could simply walk or take public transportation to the Western part of the

東德人只需步行或乘坐公共交通工具就可以到達西德。

city and travel freely from there.

城市，並從那裡自由出行。

ARCHIVE: The island of West Berlin had become the staging point for the free road to the

檔案：西柏林島已成為通往自由之路的中轉站。

West.

西部。

This “brain drain” took a huge toll on East Germany's labor force.

這種 "人才外流 "給東德的勞動力造成了巨大的損失。

By 1961, more than 3.5 million East Germans, approximately 20% of the population, had fled

到1961年，超過350萬東德人，約佔人口的20％，已經逃離了

to the West – the majority of which were young and well-educated.

到西方--其中大部分是年輕的、受過良好教育的人。

But the Berlin loophole closed on Aug 13th, 1961, when the city woke up to East German

但柏林的漏洞在1961年8月13日關閉了，當這座城市被東德喚醒的時候

soldiers standing shoulder-to-shoulder along the invisible line dividing East and West

戎馬倥傯

Berlin.

柏林：

Unannounced, they began unrolling kilometers of barbed wire through the middle of the city.

在沒有通知的情況下，他們開始在城市中間展開數公里的鐵絲網。

They were building the Berlin Wall.

他們在修建柏林牆。

ARCHIVE: Brick by brick, until no contact but a friendly wave.

檔案：一磚一瓦，直到沒有接觸，只有友好的揮手。

Travel out of East Berlin became strictly regulated.

出東柏林的旅行變得嚴格管制。

No one could leave unless they met strict requirements.

除非符合嚴格的要求，否則任何人都不能離開。

And those who didn't faced a nearly impassable barrier, complete with floodlights and guard

而那些沒能通過的人，則面臨著幾乎無法通過的障礙，並配有泛光燈和警衛

towers.

塔。

Where armed border guards patrolled day and night, with orders to shoot and kill anyone

武裝的邊防衛兵日夜巡邏，命令他們開槍射殺任何人。

trying to cross illegally.

試圖非法穿越。

And that's how it remained for 28 years.

就這樣保持了28年。

But change came in late 1989.

但變化出現在1989年底。

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev had introduced social reforms meant to relax oppressive practices

蘇聯領導人米哈伊爾-戈爾巴喬夫實行了社會改革，旨在放鬆壓迫性的做法。

and open up discourse between people and government.

並打開人民與政府之間的話語權。

These changes sparked massive peaceful uprisings throughout Eastern Bloc countries, including

這些變化引發了整個東歐集團國家的大規模和平起義，包括

East Germany.

東德。

BAUMBACH: Things had kind of heated up all summer.

鮑姆巴赫：整個夏天事情都有點升溫了。

In 1989, Catherine Baumbach was a young translator working for the East German news agency.

1989年，凱瑟琳-鮑姆巴赫是一名為東德通訊社工作的年輕翻譯。

BAUMBACH: And there were the famous Monday demonstrations in Leipzig, actually my college

在萊比錫有著名的週一示威遊行，實際上是在我的大學裡。

town. Initially thousands, then tens of thousands, then hundreds of thousands.

鎮。最初是幾千人，後來是幾萬人，再後來是幾十萬人。

Freedom of expression and freedom to travel were key demands.

言論自由和旅行自由是關鍵要求。

And pressure on the GDR to loosen travel restrictions only grew as neighboring countries, particularly

而東德面臨的放鬆旅行限制的壓力也在不斷增加，因為周邊國家，特別是東德，都在不斷地放鬆旅行限制。

Hungary and Czechoslovakia, relaxed their border laws, prompting a mass southward exodus

匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克放寬了邊境法，促使了大規模的南遷。

of East Germans.

東德人的。

By early November 1989, more than 40,000 East German refugees had arrived at the West German

到1989年11月初，已有4萬多名東德難民抵達西德的 "東德"。

embassy in Prague, hoping to travel to the West.

布拉格的大使館，希望能到西方。

The GDR was facing a crisis.

民主德國正面臨著危機。

BAUMBACH: There were forces in the government that realized something had to be done. This

政府中有一些力量意識到必須要做一些事情。這個

was not sustainable. So lifting the travel ban was one way that they thought they could

是不可持續的。所以解除旅行禁令是他們認為可以的一種方式。

quell the protests and make people happy.

平息抗議，讓人民滿意。

On November 8th, 1989, GDR official Gerhard Lauter was tasked with drafting looser travel

1989年11月8日，東德官員格哈德-勞特受命起草更寬鬆的旅行。

regulations, meant to be a temporary pressure release.

規定，意在暫時釋放壓力。

The new rules were finalized less than a day later, and read:

新規定稿不到一天，就讀。

“Private trips abroad can be applied for without conditions. Permits are issued on

"私人出國旅遊可以無條件申請。許可證的發放時間是

short notice.”

短暫的通知。"

“Without conditions.” That's the key phrase here.

"無條件"。這是這裡的關鍵詞。

This meant the strict application requirements were eliminated, and anyone who wanted could

這意味著取消了嚴格的申請要求，任何人都可以申請。

leave East Germany and come back.

離開東德再回來。

That afternoon, the updated regulations were handed to government spokesman Günter Schabowski,

當天下午，更新後的法規交給了政府發言人Günter Schabowski。

just as he was about to begin a routine press conference.

就在他準備開始例行新聞發佈會的時候。

BAUMBACH: And as we all know, something kind of didn't go quite right there.

我們都知道，有些事情並不完全正確。

He had no time to review them before sitting in front of cameras.

在坐在攝影機前，他沒有時間審查它們。

And as you can see from his handwritten “roadmap” of the press conference, he scribbled in a

而從他手寫的新聞發佈會 "路線圖 "中可以看到，他潦草地用

reminder to announce them at the very end.

提醒在最後宣佈他們。

And on live TV at 6:53 PM on November 9th, he read the relaxed travel laws, for the first

而在11月9日下午6點53分的電視直播中，他宣讀了放寬後的旅遊法，第一次。

time, out loud.

時間，大聲。

BAUMBACH: It seemed totally unreal. But it was Schabowski saying it and it was broadcast

這似乎完全不真實。但這是沙博斯基說的，而且還被播了出來

on official television so it had to be true. There were people around me, older colleagues,

在官方電視上，所以必須是真的。我身邊有一些人，年長的同事。

who immediately said, “this is the beginning of the end.”

他馬上說："這是結束的開始。"

Watch a confused Schabowski shuffle his papers when a journalist asks a simple follow-up

當記者問及一個簡單的後續問題時，看一個困惑的沙博斯基在洗文件。

question.

疑問。

The thing is, if Schabowski had had time to read the new rules, he might have seen this

問題是，如果沙博夫斯基有時間閱讀新規則，他可能會看到這個

on the final page:

在最後一頁。

The new regulations were meant to go into effect the following day, in an orderly manner,

新規本來是要在第二天有序生效的。

when the passport offices were open.

當護照辦公室開放時；

What happened next can only be described as a chain reaction.

接下來發生的事情只能說是連鎖反應。

By 7:05 PM, the AP wire had already gone out: GDR opens borders.

晚上七點零五分，美聯社的電報已經發出去了。東德開放邊境

And both East and West German nightly news reports announced the stunning policy reversal.

而東德和西德晚間新聞報道都宣佈了這一驚人的政策逆轉。

East Berliners began gathering at the wall, and security officers tried to let them through

東柏林人開始聚集在牆邊，安全人員試圖讓他們通過。

slowly.

慢慢地。

But the final nail in the coffin came at 10:42 pm, when this broadcast triggered a mass rush:

但最後的釘子是在晚上10點42分，這個廣播引發了民眾的搶購。

They actually weren't yet. But by this point, there was no going back.

他們其實還沒有。但到了這個時候，已經沒有退路了。

Tens of thousands of Berliners stormed the Wall, saying they heard on the news that they

數以萬計的柏林人衝進了圍牆，他們說在新聞中聽到他們

could cross.

可以穿越。

The outnumbered East German border guards were completely overwhelmed.

寡不敵眾的東德邊防軍完全被淹沒了。

BAUMBACH: Somehow they hadn't gotten the message, or they didn't know what to do,

不知何故，他們沒有得到這個消息，或者他們不知道該怎麼做。

or they were afraid, who knows. But they basically opened the border and thousands of people

或者他們害怕，誰知道。但他們基本上開放了邊境，成千上萬的人。

streamed into West Berlin.

流入西柏林。

Over its 28-year history, at least 140 people died trying to cross the Berlin Wall.

在其28年的歷史中，至少有140人在試圖穿越柏林牆時死亡。

BAUMBACH: November 9th, plus unification a year later, was the most decisive event in

鮑姆巴赫：11月9日，再加上一年後的統一，這是最具有決定性的事件。

my life. I basically went from one political system to another, and changes happened very

我的生活。我基本上是從一個政治體系到另一個， 和變化發生了非常。

quickly.

迅速。

And it happened unintentionally.

而且是無意中發生的。

The result of a rushed plan and a botched announcement, delivered in a small room at

匆忙的計劃和拙劣的公告的結果，在一個小房間裡宣佈。

the end of a boring press conference.

一場無聊的新聞發佈會結束了。