was how football fans greeted Rio Ferdinand

是足球迷們對里奧-費迪南德的問候。

when he was banned for missing a drugs test.

當他因錯過藥檢而被禁賽時。

Some football chants are made up on the spot,

有些足球喊話是當場編造的。

some have echoed around the same grounds for generations.

有些人已經在同一個地方迴盪了好幾代人。

But scientists think they are a practice

但科學家認為他們是一種實踐

that has deep roots in human culture.

在人類文化中有著深厚的根基。

Every social group ever studied, from the Maori Hakka

每一個被研究過的社會群體，從毛利族客家人

to the Sufi Whirling Dervishes

獻給蘇菲派的轉輪聖僧們。

to awkward British people at a wedding,

到尷尬的英國人在婚禮上。

engages in some form of group singing, dancing, and chanting.

從事某種形式的集體歌唱、舞蹈和吟唱；

Why is this?

為什麼會這樣？

Psychologists have found

心理學家發現

that when a group of people engage in collective behaviour -

當一群人從事集體行為時-----。

like chanting -

如同吟誦--

it has a profound effect on how they think and feel.

它對他們的思想和感覺有著深遠的影響。

Group singing's been shown to have a powerful effect

集體唱歌的效果很明顯

on the mood of depressed people.

對抑鬱症患者的情緒。

As well as the uplifting music,

以及振奮人心的音樂。

it seems that synchronising your breathing,

看來，同步你的呼吸。

heartrate and voice with other people

心率和聲音與其他人

has the remarkable effect of making us feel connected to one another.

有著顯著的效果，讓我們感覺到彼此之間的聯繫。

But of course football fans don't usually feel connected

當然，足球迷們通常不會覺得有什麼聯繫

to everyone in the stadium.

給球場上的每一個人。

There are plenty of examples of football chants that are rude,

足球喊話不禮貌的例子有很多。

offensive, even racist or homophobic.

攻擊性的，甚至是種族主義或同志的。

Though they've historically been a means to abuse players

雖然它們歷來是虐待玩家的一種手段。

and referees,

和裁判員。

they can also endorse more positive values

他們也可以認可更積極的價值觀

like celebrating striker Mo Salah's goals with,

像慶祝前鋒莫-薩拉赫的進球與。

♪If he scores another few then I'll be Muslim, too♪

"如果他再進幾個球，我也會成為穆斯林

Collective behaviour like chanting is, more than anything,

誦讀等集體行為，更是。

a way to express social identity and the values of that group.

一種表達社會身份和該群體價值觀的方式。

Like the Liverpool fans chanting, "Justice for the 96"

就像利物浦球迷高呼 "為96年的人討回公道"

in support of the Hillsborough disaster victims.

以支持希爾斯堡災難受害者。

Chanting at a football match doesn't just bond a group together

在足球比賽中的吶喊不僅僅是將一個群體凝聚在一起。

in love and harmony,

在愛與和諧中。

there is a dark side to coordinated behaviour.

協調的行為也有黑暗的一面。

Most armies around the world march up and down in parades.

世界上大多數軍隊都是在閱兵式上上下其手。

For the past 100 years,

在過去的100年裡。

at least since the invention of the machine gun,

至少自機槍發明以來。

it's been a bad idea to walk slowly towards the enemy in a straight line.

一直在直線上慢慢的向敵人走去，這是個很不好的主意。

So why do soldiers march and chant together?

那麼，為什麼阿兵哥們要一起行軍和吟唱呢？

In one experiment,

在一次實驗中。

people were asked to put a jar of live woodlice into a grinder.

人們被要求將一罐活木蝨放入研磨機中。

The people who had marched in unison around the car park beforehand

事先圍著停車場齊步走的人們。

threw about 50% more of the bugs into the grinder

把50%以上的蟲子扔進了研磨機裡。

than those who had walked the same distance

比那些走過同樣路程的人

but not in a coordinated march.

但不是在一個協調的遊行。

Please note there was actually an escape chute in the grinder

請注意，研磨機裡其實有一個逃學生槽。

and every bug escaped unharmed.

而每一隻蟲子都安然無恙的逃了出來。

This suggests coordinated behaviours

這表明協調行為

can lower people's sense of personal autonomy,

會降低人們的個人自主意識。

and make them more likely to be obedient to aggressive action.

並使他們更容易聽從攻擊性行動。

And there is a final reason that people might chant

還有最後一個原因，就是人們可能會念叨

at a football match.

在足球比賽中。

Writing has only been around for a few thousand years,

寫作只有幾千年的歷史。

but we find chants and songs in every pre-literate culture.

但我們在每一個前文盲文化中都能找到讚歌和歌曲。

Even today in India,

即使今天在印度。

it's the chanted version of Vedic texts

梵唄

that's seen as the definitive version, not the written form.

那被視為最終版本，而不是書面形式。

Perhaps chanting is a call back to those older practises of encoding

也許吟誦是對那些古老的編碼實踐的呼喚。

and sharing cultural knowledge.

並分享文化知識。

So next time you hear a thousand people yelling...

所以下一次你聽到一千人在大喊... ...

to the referee,

向裁判員。

remember that it's because they're bonding with each other,

記住，這是因為他們彼此之間的感情。

affirming their social identity

確認他們的社會認同

and using an ancient technology to record knowledge.

並用古老的技術來記錄知識。

And, perhaps, because the referee doesn't know what he's doing.

而且，也許是因為裁判不知道自己在做什麼。

Thanks for watching! :)

謝謝你的觀看!:)

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不要忘了訂閱並點擊鈴鐺以接收新視頻的通知。