landscapes across western North America.

北美洲西部的風景。

Grizzlies once roamed over a massive territory spreading

灰熊曾經在一個巨大的領土上游蕩，蔓延

over half the US up into Canada, and down into Mexico.

超過一半的美國上到加拿大，下到墨西哥。

But between 1850 and 1920, the bears were hunted down to 95% of their original range.

但在1850年到1920年之間，熊被獵殺的範圍減少到原來的95%。

But now, a conservation initiative is succeeding in bringing those numbers back.

但現在，一項保護行動正在成功地將這些數字帶回來。

Some species are needier than others when it comes to survival.

在生存方面，有些物種比其他物種更需要。

More than just the basics; food, water and shelter.

不僅僅是最基本的東西；食物、水和住所。

They need wide ranges to roam a vast diversity of things to eat, and even specific weather

它們需要廣泛的範圍來漫遊，需要各種各樣的食物，甚至需要特定的天氣。

patterns to follow.

模式，以遵循。

So, it makes sense that when the neediest species are doing well, the ecosystem benefits as

所以，當最需要的物種表現良好時，生態系統也會受益，這是有道理的

a whole.

一個整體。

Grizzly bears are a perfect example.

灰熊就是一個很好的例子。

If they're thriving in an area, that's a sign that lots

如果它們在一個地區興旺發達，那就說明很多人

of other species are thriving too.

的其他物種也在茁壯成長。

Their numbers have rebounded a bit since being added to

他們的數據自從被加入到了我們的行列後，有所反彈。

the endangered species list in 1975.

1975年被列入瀕危物種名錄。

But the population remains fragmented in areas where the bears can no longer move or mix

但在黑熊無法移動或混居的地區，黑熊的種群仍然很分散

with each other.

彼此之間。

Grizzly populations get fragmented, because people like us like to live, recreate, and

灰熊的種群會變得支離破碎，因為像我們這樣的人喜歡生活、娛樂、和。

develop in the places that grizzly bears also use.

在灰熊也使用的地方發展。

That's a real problem, and the things that we do like building those roads and putting

這是一個真正的問題，而我們所做的事情，如建設這些道路，並把。

them in places that animals need create real problems for these wildlife populations, all

他們在動物需要的地方給這些野生動物種群帶來了真正的問題，所有這些

of that adds up and makes it really hard to coexist with big toothy carnivores like

這一切加起來，使得它真的很難與大齒肉食動物共存，如

grizzly bears.

灰熊。

That's where the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative comes in.

這就是黃石到育空地區保護行動的意義所在。

They're one of the groups working to relink these isolated populations from Yellowstone

他們是致力於將這些與世隔絕的人群與黃石公園重新聯繫起來的團體之一。

National Park in Wyoming to the Yukon in northern Canada.

從懷俄明州的國家公園到加拿大北部的育空地區。

In doing so, they're restoring habitats, not just for grizzlies, but also for many other

在這樣做的過程中，他們正在恢復棲息地，不僅僅是灰熊，還有許多其他動物的棲息地。

species.

種類。

One of the reasons we need grizzly bears in a landscape is because they are something

我們在景觀中需要灰熊的原因之一是它們是一種

called an umbrella species.

稱為傘種。

And that means, if you can keep grizzly bears in this landscape, you will inadvertently

而這意味著，如果你能把灰熊留在這片土地上，你就會在不經意間發現

keep up to 16 other large and medium-sized mammals.

最多飼養16種其他大中型哺乳動物。

Others foxes, coyotes, lynx, wolves.

其他狐狸、野狼、猞猁、狼。

And it's not just other predators that are under the grizzly umbrella.

而且灰熊傘下的不僅僅是其他食肉動物。

It's also prey animals like big horn sheep and deer, and even flora like white bark

也有大角羊、鹿等獵物，甚至還有白皮等花草樹木

pine trees.

松樹。

We need a way of saying, this is the species we're gonna focus on most, not exclusively, but

我們需要一種說法，這是我們要關注的物種，不是唯一的，而是最重要的。

a lot of our efforts focus on grizzly bears, because they are so important as this umbrella systems

我們的很多工作都集中在灰熊身上，因為它們是如此重要，因為這個保護傘系統。

for the system.

為系統。

Grizzlies are an ideal umbrella because they live in such diverse places throughout

灰熊是理想的保護傘，因為它們生活在不同的地方。

their lives.

他們的生活。

They use places like this river valley.

他們利用這個河谷這樣的地方。

They use the high alpine areas, and all forest in between.

它們利用高山地區，以及中間的所有森林。

In its lifetime, a single bear may cover a home range as largest 3,883 square kilometers.

在它的一生中，單隻熊的家園範圍可能覆蓋最大的3883平方公里。

So because they move over such big areas and they need a diversity of habitat.

所以，因為它們在這麼大的區域移動，它們需要多樣化的棲息地。

Every year, and for their whole life, they're going to cover lots of the same areas that

每年，而且在他們的一生中，他們將覆蓋很多相同的領域，這

other animals live.

其他動物的生活。

Finding these giant spaces for grizzly bears to move seems like a Herculean mission, and

為灰熊尋找這些巨大的活動空間似乎是一項艱鉅的任務，而且

that's where the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative comes in.

這就是黃石到育空地區保護計劃的作用。

They're a group of conservationists

他們是一群環保主義者

and scientists working to restore land all the way from Yellowstone to Yukon.

和科學家們致力於恢復從黃石公園到育空地區的所有土地。

When I was doing my undergraduate degree in biology, about 20 years ago.

當我在做我的大學生物學位， 大約20年前。

I remember learning about this big, bold plan that some conservationists and scientists

我記得我聽說了這個大膽的計劃 一些保護主義者和科學家們...

and people who cared about the Rocky Mountains had, and they wanted to connect and protect

和關心落基山的人，他們想連接和保護。

all this habitat from Yellowstone to Yukon, and I just thought I thought two things.

所有這些棲息地 從黃石到育空， 我只是想我想兩件事情。

One, that's amazing.

一，這是驚人的。

And two, that's crazy it's never gonna work.

第二，這太瘋狂了，它永遠不會成功。

The crazy thing though is that the plan

但瘋狂的是，該計劃

is working, and the evidence is in the maps.

正在工作，而證據就在地圖上。

We are looking for these critical linkages that are either fractured or broken, and we

我們正在尋找這些關鍵性的環節，這些環節要麼斷裂，要麼斷裂，而我們

want to try to fix them.

想要嘗試修復它們。

So that animals can keep moving throughout there.

這樣，動物就可以在那裡一直活動。

In the end, the goal is to be fully connected, so that the bears in southern Wyoming

最後，我們的目標是全面連接，讓懷俄明州南部的熊。

meet the bears in northern Canada before their individual populations get too small.

在加拿大北部的黑熊個體數量太少之前，與它們見面。

For healthy populations, we need to have movement, you need movements of animals so that they

對於健康的人口，我們需要有運動，你需要動物的運動，這樣他們就會有更多的機會

can find mates, so that they can breed, and we can have genetic diversity.

可以找到配偶，這樣它們就可以繁殖，我們就可以有遺傳的多樣性。

The alternative is that they'll be inbred, and will get smaller and smaller populations

另一種選擇是，它們會被近親繁殖，而且數量會越來越少。

that aren't gonna be able to withstand problems that come in the future.

是無法承受未來出現的問題的。

It's not just genetic problems that face grizzly populations where they become fragmented.

灰熊種群面臨的不僅僅是基因問題，它們變得支離破碎。

It also means that the bears are coming in contact with more roads and cars, or that

這也意味著黑熊接觸到的道路和汽車越來越多，或者說

they're forced to enter into areas with humans as changing temperatures and extreme weather

由於氣溫變化和極端天氣，它們被迫進入有人類的區域。

events due to climate change continued to occur plant communities and wildlife will

氣候變化導致的植物群落和野生動物將繼續發生

move in search of more favorable climates ecologists believe that the grizzlies are

生態學家認為，灰熊是為了尋找更有利的氣候而移動的。

sure to follow.

一定要跟上。

Animals need to move normally they need to move even more under climate change.

動物需要正常活動，它們在氣候變化下更需要活動。

So we need to allow populations to be moving from sometimes from the south to the north,

所以，我們需要允許人口從有時從南方向北方遷移。

so that they can find the cool habitats and they're adapted to.

以便它們能找到涼爽的棲息地，它們適應。

It doesn't always take a giant reserved area like Banff National Park to serve as a wild

並不總是需要像班夫國家公園這樣的巨大保留區來作為野生的

space for animals.

動物的空間。

There are all kinds of wildlife corridors because there's all kinds of wildlife.

有各種各樣的野生動物走廊，因為有各種各樣的野生動物。

In fact, the valley that we're in right now is an example of a wildlife corridor.

事實上，我們現在所在的山谷就是一個野生動物走廊的例子。

So you've got this river behind me here and going out onto the floodplains that's going

所以，你已經得到了這條河在我身後這裡，並去到洪泛區，將

to be an area that is naturally easier for animals to move in, but then we get smaller

是一個自然而然容易讓動物進入的區域，但後來我們變得更小了

ones too, like the wildlife overpasses that's in an area along the highway that's been fenced

像野生動物立交橋，在公路沿線的一個區域，已經被圍起來了。

to keep animals off the highway to keep people safe and we drive on it.

為了不讓動物上高速公路，保證人們的安全，我們就在上面開車。

Once Y2Y helps create a new wildlife corridor.

一旦Y2Y幫助創建一個新的野生動物走廊。

They'll carefully track how the grizzly bears and other species respond and whether they

他們會仔細跟蹤灰熊和其他物種的反應，以及它們是否有

actually use the new space.

實際使用新的空間。

The research that's happening inside this national park on on grizzly bears and other wildlife

在這個國家公園內發生的研究是關於灰熊和其他野生動物的研究

is super cool.

是超級酷。

This all helps us to learn more about what animals need in places like this, and

這一切都有助於我們瞭解更多的動物在這樣的地方需要什麼，以及。

how we can live better with them, so that could include hair snagging to tell us about

我們如何與他們更好地生活在一起，所以，這可能包括頭髮的搶奪，以告訴我們關於

the genetics.

的遺傳學。

It can include wildlife cameras that show where they go in and what's their behavior,

它可以包括野生動物的攝像頭，顯示他們去的地方和他們的行為。

and how do people effect that?

人們又是如何影響的呢？

The latest studies show that the estranged populations of bears

最新的研究表明，熊的疏遠種群。

in the south and north are the closest to each other, they've been in more than 100

在南北方最接近的地方，他們已經在100多個。

years.

年。

Not only are the Yellowstone girzzlies moving north, but the northern Grizzlies are moving

不僅黃石公園的長頸鹿在北上，北方的灰熊也在北上。

south via the new wildlife corridors.

通過新的野生動物走廊向南。

If we don't let them move in their natural corridors or we don't restore the broken corridors.

如果我們不讓它們在自然走廊裡活動，或者我們不恢復斷裂的走廊。

They will die.

他們會死的

We will have populations that continue to get smaller and smaller, more and more isolated

我們的人口會越來越少，越來越少，越來越孤立。

until they're gone.

直到他們離開。

We think a lot about climate change, and the work that we do to connect landscapes, is

我們思考了很多關於氣候變化的問題，而我們所做的連接景觀的工作，就是

one of the critical things we can do to adapt to climate change.

是我們為適應氣候變化所能做的重要事情之一。

There are so many things that individuals can do to help with conservation that ranges

個人可以做很多事情來幫助保護環境，範圍包括

from you could spend your whole life doing this kind of work, or you can show up and help

你可以用一生的時間來做這種工作，或者你可以出現在這裡，並幫助

count bumblebees and plant trees.

數大黃蜂，種樹。