November 3rd, we have a presidential election here in the United States.

11月3日，我們在美國舉行了總統選舉。

The incumbent T rump versus the challenger Biden.

現任總統特朗普對陣挑戰者拜登。

Today we're going to go over vocabulary relating to the United States election and politics,

今天我們就來介紹一下美國大選和政治的相關詞彙。

and talk a little bit about how the process works in America.

並談一談美國的程序是如何運作的。

You'll learn some acronyms, idioms, and terms to help you understand news stories and conversation on this momentous event.

你將學習一些縮略語、成語和術語，以幫助你理解關於這一重大事件的新聞報道和對話。

As always, if you like this video or you learn something new,

一如既往，如果你喜歡這個視頻，或者你學到了新的東西。

please give it a thumbs up and subscribe with notifications, it really helps.

請豎起大拇指，用通知訂閱，真的很有用。

I recently posted to Instagram, what are the vocabulary words   ou want to know around this topic?

我最近在Instagram上發帖，圍繞這個話題，有哪些詞彙ou想知道？

Thank you so much to those who posted suggestions!

非常感謝發帖建議的朋友們!

To start, let's talk about our two main parties.

先說說我們的兩大黨派。

Now, I don't mean party like 'let's celebrate', like 'woohoo!',

現在，我不是說像 "讓我們慶祝 "這樣的聚會，像 "嗚呼！"。

a birthday party, or something like that.

一個生日派對，或類似的東西。

A party in politics  means a formal group of people who identify broadly with the same political beliefs.

在政治上，政黨是指廣泛認同相同政治信仰的正式群體。

Party, with a Flap T. Ra-- Party. Party.

黨，與翻轉T。 拉 - 黨。黨。

When you register to vote, in some states, you can register to be a Republican, a Democrat, or Independent.

當你登記投票時，在一些州，你可以登記為共和黨人、民主黨人或獨立人士。

Register to vote. What does this mean?

註冊投票。這意味著什麼？

Not all countries require you to register to vote but in the US, you can't just show up and vote without having first registered.

並非所有國家都要求你登記投票，但在美國，你不能不先登記就去投票。

It's a separate process and has to be done days, sometimes even weeks before the election, depending on the state.

這是一個單獨的過程，必須在選舉前幾天，有時甚至幾周完成，這取決於州。

Once you register, you don't need to register again unless you move,

一旦註冊，除非你搬家，否則你不需要再註冊。

then you'll have to update your voter registration.

那麼你就必須更新你的選民登記。

I registered when I was seventeen so I could be ready to vote

我17歲的時候就登記了，所以我可以準備好投票。

– the presidential election in 1996 fell on my 18th birthday.

- 1996年的總統選舉在我18歲生日那天舉行。

18 is the age at which you can legally vote in the US.

18歲是您在美國可以合法投票的年齡。

Now, if you're a citizen of the US, and you're eligible, I hope you've registered to vote.

現在，如果你是美國公民，而且你有資格，我希望你已經登記投票。

If you haven't, you may still have time depending on where you live.

如果你沒有，你可能還有時間，這取決於你住在哪裡。

I will link below to a page that lays it all out by state. And I really encourage everyone,

我下面會鏈接到一個頁面，按州列出了所有的內容。 而且我真的鼓勵大家。

young and old, red and blue, to vote in this election.

年輕人和老年人，紅色和藍色，在這次選舉中投票。

We might as well take a minute to talk about the word 'vote', that V can be difficult for Spanish speakers. The right position is vvvvvvvv.

我們不妨用一分鐘的時間來談談 "投票 "這個詞，這個V對於西班牙語的人來說是很難的。 正確的位置是vvvvvvvvv。

You want to make sure you can still see some teeth. Vvvvvv. And you should be able to hold that out. Vote.

你要確保你還能看到一些牙齒。 Vvvvvvv。你應該能把它拿出來。投票。

Vote. The two main parties in the US are the Republican party,

投票。美國的兩大政黨是共和黨。

which is sometimes referred to as the GOP, which stands for Grand Old Party.

有時也被稱為GOP，代表大老黨。

We always put stress on the last letter of an acronym. GOP.

我們總是強調縮寫的最後一個字母。GOP.

GOP.

GOP。

The color red and the elephant represent this party.

紅色和大象的顏色代表這個黨。

The color blue and the donkey represent the Democrats.

藍色和驢子的顏色代表民主黨員。

We do have other parties in the US.

我們在美國確實有其他政黨。

And sometimes, candidates will run as an independent.

而有時，候選人會以獨立身份參選。

That means not with the party.

這意味著不與黨。

Independent. Candidate.

獨立的。候選人。

A candidate is the person running for office.

候選人是指競選公職的人。

Running is the verb we use when you've declared, you want to hold a political office,

競選是我們用的動詞，當你宣佈，你想擔任政治職務時。

you want to be the mayor or the president, you're entering the race as they call it.

你想成為市長或總統， 你進入比賽，因為他們稱之為。

You're running for president.

你在競選總統

The word 'candidate' can be pronounced two different ways, it can end in 'it', or 'ate'.

'考生'這個詞有兩種不同的讀法，可以以'它'結尾，也可以以'吃'結尾。

Candidate. Candidate.

候選人：候選人：

Now, at the beginning of this video, I said Trump was the incumbent.

現在，在這個視頻的開頭，我說特朗普是現任。

That means he won last time. He currently holds the office.

也就是說，他上次贏了。 他目前擔任這個職務。

But he has to run for re-election. He has to win a second term. In the US, the office of the president is a 4-year term,

但他必須競選連任。 他必須贏得第二個任期。 在美國，總統的任期是4年。

and you can run again, to serve a total of two terms or eight years.

並可再次參選，共任兩屆或8年。

Sometimes the incumbent wins, and sometimes, not. In that case, the challenger, the person who is not the incumbent, wins.

有時，現任者會贏，有時則不會。 在這種情況下，挑戰者，即不是現任者的人就會獲勝。

The election is what will happen November third. This period before the election is called the campaign.

選舉就是11月3日將要發生的事情。 選舉前的這段時間叫做競選。

Sometimes you'll hear the phrase the campaign trail.

有時候，你會聽到這樣一句話：競選活動。

That means all the trips and visits a candidates will make across the country as they're campaigning.

這意味著候選人在競選時將在全國各地進行的所有旅行和訪問。

They hold rallies for supporters where they talk about their vision for the future.

他們為支持者舉行集會，談論他們對未來的願景。

They probably hope some people who are still undecided will show up so they can convince them to vote for them.

他們可能希望一些仍未決定的人出現，以便說服他們投票給他們。

You'll also hear the term canvassing. This means people go out, volunteers for the campaign, maybe going door-to-door,

你也會聽到拉票這個詞。 這意味著人們走出去， 志願者的運動， 也許去挨家挨戶。

that means visiting people's homes, to talk about the issues and the candidates,

這意味著走訪人們的家庭，談論問題和候選人。

hoping to convince some of them to vote for a particular candidate.

希望說服其中一些人投票給某位候選人。

Also during the campaign, there will be debates

此外，在競選期間，還將舉行辯論會。

with the candidates and moderators, that is, the people who will ask the questions

候選人和主持人，也就是提問的人。

and keep track of things like how long someone has been talking, that kind of thing.

並記錄一些事情，比如有人說了多久，諸如此類的事情。

And in the debates, they answer questions, they defend their positions, and sometimes, argue over whose ideas are better for America.

而在辯論中，他們回答問題，他們為自己的立場辯護，有時，還會爭論誰的想法更適合美國。

A candidate might get accused of being a flip-flopper, and no, that has nothing to do with the shoe,

候選人可能會被指責為翻臉不認人，不，這和鞋子沒有關係。

it means you've changed your position on something, you've changed your mind on something, to appeal to voters.

這意味著你已經改變了你的立場 在某事上，你已經改變了你的想法 在某事上，以吸引選民。

For example, let's say you were in favor of tax breaks, then later you said you were not in favor, your opponent, the other candidate,

舉個例子，比如說你是贊成減稅的，後來你說你不贊成，你的對手，另一個候選人。

might call you a flip-flopper. Now, I myself have sometimes wondered why this is a bad thing?

可能會說你是個翻臉不認人的人。 現在，我自己有時也在想，為什麼這是一件壞事？

I've changed my mind before, and as you grow and experience and research something, learn more about it, it seems natural to me and okay

我曾經改變過自己的想法，隨著你的成長和經歷，對某件事情的研究，瞭解的更多，在我看來是很自然的，也是可以的

that your views might change or evolve. But this is generally a negative term. A flip flopper.

你的觀點可能會改變或演變。 但這一般是一個負面的詞彙。 一個翻臉不認人的人。

During the campaigns there are lots of polls. There are reports, ahead of time, of samples of voters.

在競選期間，有很多民意調查。 有報告，提前對選民進行抽樣調查。

A pollster might call someone and say, “I'm an official pollster, who do you plan on voting for in the election?

民調員可能會打電話給某人說："我是官方民調員，你打算在選舉中投票給誰？

Polls shows how a candidate is doing and can predict who will win. They can show that there's a really close race, and it's hard to tell who's winning,

民調顯示了一個候選人的表現，可以預測誰會贏。 他們可以顯示出，有一個非常接近的比賽，很難說誰是贏家。

or, they may show that there is a clear front-runner. This term, again, relating to running and racing.

或者，他們可能會顯示有一個明顯的領跑者。 這個詞，同樣與跑步和賽車有關。

The front-runner is the person who seems to be in the lead, who the polls implied will win. The frontrunner.

前鋒是指看起來處於領先位置的人，民調暗示會贏的人。領先者。

How are we doing in the polls? You can see over time how well a candidate is polling.

我們在民調中的表現如何？ 你可以看到隨著時間的推移，一個候選人的民調情況如何。

But, we learned in the 2016 election that polls might be less reliable than we think.

但是，我們在2016年的大選中瞭解到，民調可能比我們想象的要不可靠。

They often showed Hillary Clinton easily winning, and, of course, she didn't.

他們經常顯示希拉里-克林頓輕鬆獲勝，當然，她沒有。

Polls also refer to the places where you vote. “Heading to the polls” means going to vote.

民意調查也指的是投票的地方。 "前往投票站 "指的是去投票。

We also use the phrase 'cast your ballot'. This just means vote. Going to the polling station, which is often a school in the US,

我們也用 "投你的票 "這個詞。 這只是投票的意思。 去投票站，在美國往往是學校。

waiting in line, going into the voting booth, using the voting machine, and casting your ballot.

排隊等候，進入投票室，使用投票機，並投下你的選票。

After you've cast your vote, and you're leaving, someone might ask you how you voted.

在你投完票後，你要走了，有人可能會問你怎麼投的。

This is called an exit poll, and it's used to get an understanding of what will likely happen before all the votes are counted.

這就是所謂的票站調查，用來了解所有選票統計前可能發生的情況。

The word 'electorate' refers to everyone who is eligible to vote. For example, children under 18 are not part of the electorate.

選民 "一詞是指所有有資格投票的人。 例如，18歲以下的兒童不屬於選民。

But, when it comes to voting, not everyone in the electorate will vote.

但是，在投票的時候，並不是每個選民都會投票。

Some choose not to, some want to but can't make it, for example, they have to be at work, or they're needed by their family and they can't get away.

有的人選擇了不去，有的人想去，但去不了，比如說要上班，或者是家人需要他們，而他們又脫不開身。

So when we talk about how many people voted, that's called voter turnout.

所以當我們談論有多少人投票的時候，這就叫投票率。

Did a lot of the electorate vote in this election? That's high voter turnout. Or maybe not many voted … that's low voter turnout.

這次選舉有很多選民投票嗎？ 那是高投票率。 或者是投票的人不多......那就是投票率低。

Some states have something called early voting, where some of the polling stations are open weeks in advance of the election

有些州有一種叫做提前投票的東西，有些投票站在選舉前幾周就開放了。

and you can go cast your ballot early; you don't have to wait until election day, in this case, November 3rd.

你可以提前去投你的票，你不必等到選舉日，在這種情況下，11月3日。

Now, something new is happening this year with the coronavirus.

現在，今年的冠狀病毒又有了新的變化。

I live in Pennsylvania and before this year, I could not vote by mail

我住在賓夕法尼亞州，在今年之前，我不能通過郵寄投票。

unless I was out of state, and that was called an absentee ballot.

除非我出了州，那叫缺席投票。

You could only vote by absentee ballot if you could show you couldn't be present at the polls to vote in-person.

只有在你能證明你不能親自到投票站投票的情況下，你才能以缺席投票的方式投票。

So you would fill it out, turn in the absentee ballot before the election.

所以你要在選舉前填好表格，交上缺席選票。

But because of the virus, and wanting to avoid contact between people as much as possible, we now have the option for a mail-in ballot.

但由於病毒的影響，又想盡量避免人與人之間的接觸，我們現在可以選擇郵寄投票。

So you can vote by mail-in ballot even if you could potentially go vote in person.

所以，即使你有可能親自去投票，也可以通過郵寄選票投票。

Now, if you show up at the poll to vote on election day, and there is a question about your eligibility,

現在，如果你在選舉日到投票站投票，而你的資格有問題。

maybe something's not right with your voter registration, or something like that, then you'll fill out a provisional ballot,

也許你的選民登記有問題 或者類似的東西，那麼你就填寫一張臨時選票。

and that just means that vote will only get counted if they can confirm you are allowed to vote.

這只是意味著，只有當他們能夠確認你被允許投票時，投票才會被計算。

On November 3rd, we'll have what's called the general election.

11月3日，我們將舉行所謂的大選。

Whoever wins this race will be president. This is different from the primary election, where we voted to choose who would run for each party.

贏得這場選舉的人將成為總統。 這與初選不同，初選時我們投票選擇各黨派的競選人。

For example, Biden won the democratic primary in 2020.

例如，拜登在2020年贏得了民主黨的初選。

And some states have something called a caucus instead of a primary election. So instead of voting and casting a ballot,

有些州有一種叫做 "核心小組 "的東西，而不是初選。 所以，代替投票和投票，

you go to a big room and you stand somewhere. You stand in the Biden area, or the Warren area,

你去一個大房間，你站在某處。 你站在拜登區，或沃倫區。

that's to show that that's the candidate you choose. A caucus.

那是為了表明那是你選擇的候選人。一個核心小組。

After the primary elections, there is a convention held by each party to officially nominate the winner.

初選結束後，各黨派要召開大會，正式提名獲勝者。

Each state sends delegates, these are people chosen to vote according to how the people of their state voted.

每個州都會派出代表，這些人是根據本州人民的投票方式選出來的。

So if Biden won the primary in a particular state, that state's delegates would vote for Biden at the convention.

所以，如果拜登在某州的初選中獲勝，該州的代表就會在大會上投票給拜登。

The Democrats have one called the Democratic National Convention, also called the DNC,

民主黨有一個叫民主黨全國代表大會，也叫DNC。

and the Republicans have the Republican National Convention, more commonly referred to as the RNC.

而共和黨則有共和黨全國代表大會，更通常被稱為RNC。

They name the nominee, and then the real campaigning starts for the general election.

他們提名了被提名人，然後真正的大選競選就開始了。

During this time, candidates choose running mates. That is, who will be the vice president?

在此期間，候選人會選擇競選夥伴。 也就是說，誰來當副總統？

You'll hear the word 'ticket' used here. Ticket means, one vote, but more than one office.

在這裡你會聽到 "票 "這個字。 票的意思是，一張票，但不止一個職位。

That is, with one vote, you're voting for the president and vice president.

也就是說，你用一票，就是投給總統和副總統。

You don't vote for a vice president separately. So the ticket is whoever is running for president and vice president together.

你不會分別投票給副總統。 所以選票是誰競選總統和副總統就選誰。

Now there's something funky about the general election for the Presidency in the US.

現在美國的總統大選有些時髦。

We have something called the Electoral College. This has nothing to do with college or university.

我們有一個叫選舉團的東西。 這與學院或大學無關。

Basically, each state has a number of votes. That number is determined by the population of the state.

基本上，每個州都有一定數量的選票。 這個數字是由該州的人口決定的。

For example, Florida has a population of 2.48 million people, gets 29 votes in the electoral college.

例如，佛羅里達州有248萬人口，在選舉團中得到29票。

Idaho, by contrast, has a population of 1.79 million people and 4 votes in the electoral college.

而愛達荷州的人口為179萬，在選舉團中擁有4票。

State by state, whichever candidate wins for that state gets all the votes for that state in the electoral college.

一個州一個州地選，哪個州的候選人勝出，就能在選舉團中獲得該州的所有選票。

This is called 'winner take all'. Let's say in Florida 10 million people vote.

這就是所謂的 "贏家通吃"。 比方說，在佛羅里達州有一千萬人投票。

If 5,000,001 people vote for Trump and 4,999,999 vote for Biden,

如果5,000,001人投票給特朗普，4,999,999人投票給拜登。

Trump will get all 29 votes for the electoral college. Winner take all.

特朗普將獲得選舉團的全部29票。 贏家通吃。

Only two states, Maine and Nebraska, will split their votes according to how the people in the state voted.

只有緬因州和內布拉斯加州這兩個州會根據本州人民的投票方式來分票。

Now, some states are very reliably red, or republican, and others blue.

現在，有些州是非常可靠的紅色，或共和黨，而另一些州是藍色的。

Those are 'safe states'. For example, the southern states are generally safe for republicans, they will win there.

那些是'安全州'。 例如，南部各州對共和黨來說一般是安全的，他們會在那裡獲勝。

California is generally safe for democratic presidential nominees, they generally win there.

加利福尼亞州對於民主黨總統候選人來說是安全的，他們一般都會在那裡獲勝。

But there are some states that can go either way. How will they vote in this election?

但有些州可以走任何一條路。 他們會在這次選舉中如何投票？

Will they re-elect Trump? Will the elect Biden? These are called battleground states or swing states,

他們會不會連任特朗普？ 會不會選拜登？ 這些州被稱為戰場州或搖擺州。

and it's really important to win them because, remember, winner takes all.

而且贏得他們真的很重要，因為，記住，贏家通吃。

Whoever wins that state, no matter how many people voted for the other guy, will get all the votes for the electoral college.

不管有多少人投了另一個人的票 誰贏了那個州 就能獲得選舉團的所有票數

So in the final weeks leading up to the election, there will be a lot of campaigning in those states, those battleground or swing states.

是以，在大選前的最後幾周，在這些州，那些戰場或搖擺州，會有很多競選活動。

And when all the votes come in, and all the electoral college votes are distributed, the winner is declared.

當所有選票到手，所有選舉團的票數分配完畢，就會宣佈獲勝。

And because of the electoral college, the winner might not be the person who got the most votes. That's called the popular vote.

而且由於選舉團的存在，獲勝者可能不是得票最多的人。 這就是所謂的普選。

And in 2016, Hillary Clinton got almost 3 million more votes than Trump. But because of how they were distributed across the US and by state,

而在2016年，希拉里-克林頓比特朗普多得了近300萬張選票。 但由於這些選票在美國各地和各州的分佈情況。

because of the electoral college, Trump won the election.

因為選舉團，特朗普贏得了選舉。

The same thing actually happened in 2000. Al Gore got about 500,000 more votes and won the popular vote.

同樣的事情實際上發生在2000年。戈爾多得了大約50萬張選票，贏得了普選。

But because of how they were distributed by state, and because of the electoral college, Bush won the election and was president for 8 years.

但由於各州的分配方式，以及選舉團的原因，布什贏得了選舉，並當了8年總統。

This election will be very interesting to follow because the number of mail-in votes will be higher than in years past,

這次選舉會很有趣，因為郵寄選票的數目會比往年多。

and likely a winner will not be declared on the night of November 3rd.

並且很可能在11月3日晚不會宣佈獲獎名單。

Instead there will be a lot of waiting as all those votes are counted, maybe recounted.

相反，當所有這些選票被計算出來，也許會被重新計算時，會有很多等待。

The winner may win by a narrow victory, or it might be a landslide.

贏家可能是小勝，也可能是壓倒性的勝利。

A landslide means win by a lot, and that D will be dropped since it comes after an N before a consonant. Landslide.

山地滑坡的意思是贏了很多，D會被丟掉，因為它是在輔音前的N後面。山崩。

I have one last term to go over today and that's the verb to concede and the noun, a concession speech.

今天我還有最後一個名詞要講，那就是動詞讓步和名詞，讓步演講。

Whoever loses the election will concede when he has determined it was fair, all the votes were counted, and he lost.

誰輸掉選舉，誰就會在確定選舉是公平的，所有的選票都被清點過，他輸了的時候認輸。

He says, you win. And he'll give a concession speech, where he'll thank his supporters, everyone who worked for him,

他說，你贏了。 然後他就會發表退讓演說 他會感謝他的支持者 感謝所有為他工作的人。

and volunteered, and voted.

並自告奮勇，投。

To see an example of what a concession speech is like, I'll link to Hillary Clinton's concession speech from 2016.

為了看一個讓步演講的例子，我將鏈接到希拉里-克林頓2016年的讓步演講。

I'm very excited to vote in this election, I've decided to vote in person here in Philadelphia.

我很高興能在這次選舉中投票，我決定親自在費城投票。

And no, I won't be sharing on social media who I vote for, but I just hope everyone out there who is eligible does make a plan to vote.

不，我不會在社交媒體上分享我投給誰的票，但我只是希望每個有資格的人都能計劃投票。

Know where your polling station is, or if you're going to vote by mail, know the deadlines. Send it off way in advance.

知道你的投票站在哪裡，或者如果你要通過郵寄投票，知道截止日期。 提前寄出去。

Check with your friends and family, make sure everyone you know has a plan to vote.

檢查你的朋友和家人，確保你認識的每個人都有投票的計劃。

If you're new to Rachel's English, I make videos on the English language every Tuesday, primarily to help non-native speakers of American English

如果你是第一次接觸瑞秋英語，我每週二都會製作關於英語的視頻，主要是為了幫助非美式英語母語的人。

feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.

感到更舒適和自信的英語口語。

I also have a bunch of courses in my online school, Rachel's English Academy,

我的網校瑞秋英語學院也有一堆課程。

where you can train to take your English communication skills to the next level, check it out, at Rachel's English Academy.com.

在這裡你可以進行培訓，讓你的英語交流能力更上一層樓，快來看看，在瑞秋英語學院網。

That's it, thanks so much for using Rachel's English.

就這樣，非常感謝你使用瑞秋英語。