You want to work in healthcare, but being a doctor seems like overkill.

你想在醫療行業工作，但做醫生似乎有點矯枉過正。

Why not get most of the benefit without all the crazy competition, super long training,

為什麼不用那些瘋狂的競爭，超長的訓練，就能得到大部分的好處。

and unnecessary stress.

和不必要的壓力。

Here's how you can decide if becoming a PA is a good career for you.

以下是你如何決定成為PA是否是一個適合你的職業。

Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com.

朱波醫生，醫派內參網。

Welcome to our next installment in So You Want to Be.

歡迎來到我們下一期的《所以你想成為》。

In this series, we highlight a specific specialty or profession within medicine, such as physician

在這個系列中，我們重點介紹了醫學中的一個特定的專業或職業，如醫生。

assistant, and help you decide if it's a good fit for you.

助理，並幫助你決定是否適合你。

You can find the other videos on our So You Want to Be playlist.

你可以在我們的So You Want to Be播放列表中找到其他視頻。

And make sure you're subscribed if you want to vote for future videos.

如果你想為未來的視頻投票，請確保你已經訂閱。

As my PA colleague says, being a physician assistant is like being a “doctor lite”.

就像我的PA同事說的那樣，做一個助理醫師就像做一個 "精簡醫生"。

PAs do many of the same things as doctors, including history and physicals, diagnosis,

PA做的很多事情和醫生一樣，包括歷史和體檢、診斷。

interpreting labs, and even some basic procedures.

解讀實驗室，甚至一些基本程序。

But they're a clearly distinct and separate entity from being a doctor.

但他們與做醫生顯然是截然不同的獨立個體。

To better understand the practice of physician assistants, it helps to review the history

為了更好地瞭解醫師助理的執業情況，回顧一下歷史，有助於瞭解醫師助理的執業情況。

of the profession.

的專業。

In the mid-1960s, Dr. Eugene Stead from Duke put together the first class of PAs to help

20世紀60年代中期，來自杜克大學的尤金-斯泰德博士組建了第一個PA班，以幫助

address the shortage of primary care physicians.

解決初級保健醫生短缺的問題；

The curriculum was based on the fast-track training of doctors during World War II.

該課程是基於二戰期間醫生的快速培訓。

Two years later, in 1967, the first PA class graduated, and the concept quickly gained

兩年後的1967年，第一屆PA班畢業，這個概念迅速得到了

federal backing in the early 1970s as a novel approach in addressing the physician shortage.

70年代初，聯邦支持作為解決醫生短缺的新方法。

But since then, the role of the PA has expanded.

但從那時起，PA的作用就擴大了。

PAs don't just work in primary care, but can work in any department where physicians

PA不只是在初級保健工作，也可以在醫生所在的任何部門工作。

work, such as cardiology, plastic surgery, neurosurgery, psychiatry, emergency medicine,

工作，如心內科、整形外科、神經外科、精神科、急診科等。

and many other specialties.

以及其他許多專業。

One of the big perks to being a PA is the variety and flexibility in your type of practice.

作為一名PA的一大好處是你的執業類型的多樣性和靈活性。

As a physician, you'll complete medical school, then residency in your desired specialty,

作為一名醫生，你將完成醫學院的學習，然後在你所期望的專業中完成住院醫師培訓。

and then be board certified in only that specific specialty.

然後只在該特定的專業領域獲得董事會認證。

But as a PA, you can more easily move to another specialty without going through several years

但作為一名PA，你可以更容易地轉到另一個專業，而不需要經歷幾年的時間

of formal training.

正規培訓。

While certainly a perk, this benefit shouldn't be overstated.

這固然是一種福利，但這種好處不應該被誇大。

The reason PAs can flexibly move from specialty to specialty is because the depth of their

PA之所以能靈活地從一個專業到另一個專業，是因為他們的深度。

work is more superficial in nature.

工作性質比較膚淺。

Sure, a PA can move from neurosurgery to plastic surgery to orthopedic surgery, but they'll

當然，一個PA可以從神經外科到整形外科再到骨科，但他們會從神經外科到整形外科。

forever be first assist, meaning they help retract, suture, and assist the surgeon.

永遠是第一助手，這意味著他們幫助回縮，縫合，並協助外科醫生。

These are supporting roles that don't vary as widely between specialties.

這些都是配角，不同專業之間的差別不大。

The PA, however, is never doing any part of the actual surgery.

然而，PA，從來沒有做任何部分的實際手術。

PAs can be trained to independently perform certain procedures though, such as central

不過，PA可以接受培訓，以獨立執行某些程序，如中樞神經系統。

lines, intubations, dialysis line insertions, and arterial lines to name a few.

線、插管、透析線插入和動脈線等等。

While they can do bedside ultrasound, they aren't able to do comprehensive echocardiograms.

雖然他們可以做床旁超聲檢查，但卻不能做全面的超聲心動圖。

PAs don't replace doctors or take away their work — rather, they work in tandem, with

專業醫生不會取代醫生，也不會搶走他們的工作--相反，他們會與以下人員協同工作

physician supervision, and help to decrease routine work for doctors and ease their load.

醫師監督，並有助於減少醫生的日常工作，減輕醫生的負擔。

There's a broad range of myths that confuse pre-health students considering a career in

有一個廣泛的迷思，迷惑了考慮從事衛生學前教育的學生。

healthcare.

醫療保健；

Let's set the record straight.

讓我們把話說清楚。

First, the title “Physician Assistant” can be misleading.

首先，"醫生助理 "這個稱謂會讓人產生誤解。

They do much more than a scribe or a medical assistant, and have a far broader scope in

他們所做的工作遠比抄寫員或醫療助理要多得多，而且範圍更廣，在

what they can do.

他們能做什麼。

PAs can see their own patients, do their own work ups, do their own simple procedures,

PA可以自己看病，自己做工作，自己做簡單的程序。

and interpret their own labs.

並解讀自己的實驗室。

However, if their supervising physician disagrees on any step in the diagnosis or management,

但是，如果他們的主管醫生對診斷或處理的任何步驟有不同意見。

it's the physician making the final decision, not you, and as a PA you'll have to be ok

這是醫生做出的最終決定，而不是你， 作為一個PA，你必須確定

with that.

與此。

Second, the inter-specialty flexibility benefit is often overstated, particularly for those

其次，跨專業的靈活性優勢往往被誇大，特別是對於那些。

interested in surgical fields.

對外科領域感興趣。

PAs working in the operating room do not have autonomy.

在手術室工作的PA沒有自主權。

In terms of operating room responsibility, think of them as forever being a fourth year

在手術室責任方面，認為他們永遠是第四年

medical student or first year resident.

醫學生或第一年住院醫師；

There are a few exceptions, but this is the general rule.

有少數例外，但這是一般規則。

Third, the training between PA and physician is not the same.

第三，PA和醫生之間的培訓是不一樣的。

PAs can easily handle the simple bread and butter like straightforward diabetes management.

PA們可以輕鬆應對簡單的麵包和黃油，比如直接的糖尿病管理。

But when it comes to more obscure conditions or complex and nuanced management, PAs are

但是，當涉及到更晦澀的條件或複雜而細微的管理時，PA是

not trained to that level.

沒有訓練到這種程度。

If you're ever unsure about something, you'll always be able to reach out to your supervising

如果您有任何不確定的地方，您可以隨時聯繫您的主管。

physician for help.

醫師的幫助。

Which brings us to the PA training system.

這就涉及到PA培訓系統。

In college, the PA prerequisites are less standardized than they are for premedical

在大學裡，PA的先決條件沒有醫學預科那麼標準。

students, but there's a good amount of overlap.

學生，但也有不少重合的地方。

Most programs require 1 year of chemistry with lab, human anatomy & physiology, microbiology,

大多數項目需要1年的化學與實驗室、人體解剖與生理學、微生物學。

statistics, and psychology.

統計學和心理學。

Other frequently recommended courses include general biology, genetics, organic chemistry,

其他經常推薦的課程包括普通生物學、遺傳學、有機化學。

biochemistry, social/behavioral sciences, and medical terminology.

生物化學、社會/行為科學和醫學術語；

Don't think that it'll be a walk in the park to get into PA school, as it's still

不要以為考上PA學校就可以一帆風順了，因為這還是在

a competitive process.

競爭過程。

PA school matriculants have an average GPA of 3.5.

PA學校預科生的平均GPA為3.5。

Most schools require the GRE, with the average PA matriculant having GRE performance in the

大多數學校都要求GRE考試，一般PA預科生的GRE成績在

40th to 50th percentile, but more are moving to a new standardized test, the PA-CAT, specifically

40至50百分位，但更多的人正在轉向一種新的標準化測試，即PA-CAT，具體來說就是

designed for PA school admissions.

為PA學校招生設計。

Your time in school is much shorter, usually 2 to 2 and a half years in length.

你在學校的時間要短得多，一般是2年到2年半的時間。

The first year is primarily didactics, with lecture for 6-8 hours per day, and you may

第一年主要是說教，每天講課6-8小時，你可以

even be attending the same classes as medical students in some instances.

在某些情況下，甚至與醫學生上同樣的課。

During your second year of PA school, you'll be clinical, on service with medical students,

在你的第二年的PA學校，你將是臨床，與醫學生服務。

residents, and the rest of the healthcare team.

居民，以及其他的醫療團隊。

While medical students have more academic knowledge, after all they're spending several

雖然醫學生有更多的學術知識，但畢竟他們要花幾

more years studying the human body in greater depth, PA students tend to have more clinical

更多的年限對人體進行更深入的研究，PA學生往往有更多的臨床經驗。

experience by the time they start rotating.

到他們開始輪換的時候，經驗。

This is because in order to apply to PA school, many programs require anywhere from 1,000

這是因為為了申請PA學校，許多項目都需要從1,000美元到1,000美元不等。

to 4,000 hours of direct patient healthcare experience.

到4,000小時的直接病人保健經驗。

In terms of cost, the entirety of PA school tuition comes out to around $80,000 - $90,000

從費用上看，整個PA學校的學費大概在8-9萬元左右。

in most instances.

在大多數情況下，。

Once you're done with PA school, you can start practicing immediately.

一旦你完成了PA學校的學業，你就可以立即開始練習。

You'll pick up your role and responsibilities with on the job training, with oversight either

你將通過在職培訓承擔起你的角色和責任，並監督你的工作。

from your supervising physician or by other midlevels, meaning nurse practitioners and

您的主管醫生或其他中層人員，即執業護士和。

physician assistants.

醫師助理；

My PA colleague describes it as throwing you into the fire in a rapid crash course, whereas

我的PA同事把它描述為在快速的速成過程中把你扔進火坑，而...

a residency for newly minted doctors is more structured, rigorous, and longer in duration.

新入職醫生的住院醫師培訓更有條理、更嚴格、時間更長。

Median compensation is around $95,000 - $100,000 per year, depending on the specialty.

根據專業不同，年薪中位數約為9.5萬-10萬元。

In terms of specialties, PAs are trained as generalists first and foremost, meaning primary

在專業方面，PA首先是作為全科醫生來培養的，也就是說主要的

care.

照顧。

However, some PA programs have a greater focus in surgical specialties if you want to assist

然而，一些PA項目在外科專業方面有更大的關注度，如果你想協助。

in the operating room.

在手術室。

If there's a specialty that has physicians, then it's likely that specialty has room

如果有一個專業有醫生，那麼這個專業很可能有空間了

for a PA as well — from orthopedics to neurosurgery, interventional radiology to emergency medicine,

從骨科到神經外科，從介入放射學到急診醫學。

and many more.

以及更多。

The specialties where you won't find PAs tend to be highly specialized and advanced

你找不到PA的專業往往是專業性很強的高級專業。

like cardiac electrophysiology or pediatric oncology.

如心臟電生理學或小兒腫瘤學。

There's a lot to love about being a physician assistant.

作為一名醫生助理，有很多事情值得我們去做。

The human aspect can be tremendously rewarding, and you'll have direct patient contact and

人文方面可以得到巨大的回報，你將與病人直接接觸，並有機會與病人交流。

make a difference in people's lives.

為人們的生活帶來改變。

Training is much shorter than becoming a physician, lasting only 2 to 2 and a half years compared

與成為一名醫生相比，培訓的時間要短得多，只有2年到2年半的時間。

to 4 years of medical school plus 3 to 7 years of residency.

到4年的醫學院加上3至7年的住院醫師。

The cost is much lower too, so you'll likely graduate with less debt than if you went the

成本也低得多，所以你很可能在畢業時帶著較少的債務，比你走的是

MD or DO route.

醫學博士或博士後路線。

As a PA, you also won't have to take work home with you, keep track of patients longitudinally,

作為一名PA，你也不用把工作帶回家，縱向記錄病人的情況。

or deal with things like overnight call — these are all factors that come with the added responsibility

或處理諸如通宵電話之類的事情--這些都是伴隨著額外責任而來的因素。

of being a physician.

作為醫生的。

And because you're not the person on the line, there's less stress about malpractice

而且因為你不是線上的人，所以也就沒有那麼大的壓力了

or things going sideways.

或事情的發展方向。

For physician assistants, hours are much more regular and predictable.

對於醫生助理來說，工作時間更有規律，更可預測。

While it depends on the specialty, you can expect to work around 40 hours per week.

雖然這取決於專業，但你可以期望每週工作40小時左右。

And lastly, you can change specialties if you get burned out or want to switch things

最後，如果你厭倦了或者想換個專業，你可以換個專業。

up.

了。

Some PAs even work in multiple different specialties concurrently.

有些PA甚至同時在多個不同的專業領域工作。

But while you can change specialties, that comes with a cost.

不過，雖然你可以換專業，但這是要付出代價的。

As a PA you don't have the same level of autonomy in patient management and decisions.

作為一名PA，你在病人管理和決策方面沒有同樣的自主權。

You're working underneath a supervising physician, not as a physician.

你是在主管醫生的手下工作，而不是作為醫生。

Right out of school, your autonomy is quite limited, but as you develop working relationships

剛出校門時，你的自主性是相當有限的，但隨著你工作關係的發展

with your supervising physicians, your scope of practice and autonomy for clinical decision

與您的上級醫生，您的執業範圍和臨床決策的自主權。

making expands and is dependent on two main factors: first, state and hospital regulations,

製作擴大，主要取決於兩個因素：第一，國家和醫院的規定。

and second, the trust and relationship with your supervising MD.

第二，與你的主管醫生的信任和關係。

And while you can change specialties, your roles and responsibilities will always be

雖然你可以改變專業，但你的角色和責任將永遠是。

limited.

有限公司。

For example, surgery has a strong appeal, but you won't be a surgeon — you'll

例如，外科手術有很強的吸引力，但你不會成為一個外科醫生--你會

be first assist, helping to retract, suction, and close at the end.

做第一助手，幫助回縮、吸氣、收尾。

Some PA's in surgical specialties don't even go in the operating room, and instead

有些外科專業的PA甚至不進手術室，而是去了

help the team by rounding on patients and handling the floor work pertaining to the

幫助團隊巡視病人，處理與醫院有關的地面工作。

preoperative and postoperative patients.

術前和術後患者。

Consider it being a lifelong resident, but with better hours and better pay.

可以考慮做終身制的居民，但工作時間和待遇要好一些。

But keep in mind the pay is substantially less than what attending physicians make — around

但要記住，工資大大低於主治醫師的收入--約為1.5萬元。

1/2 to 1/3 in comparison.

1/2到1/3相比。

There's also less prestige and respect than what you would receive as an MD or DO.

也比你作為一個醫學博士或博士所獲得的威望和尊重要少。

My PA colleague says this can present as a barrier to trust in dealing with certain patients.

我的PA同事說，這在與某些病人打交道時可能會出現信任障礙。

On the other hand, if you're able to put your ego aside and understand your role on

另一方面，如果你能夠把你的自我放在一邊，並瞭解你的角色在。

the team, including your responsibilities and scope of practice, you may not mind at

隊伍，包括你的職責和業務範圍，你可能不會介意。

all.

所有。

While the training is only a couple years long, the intensity is quite high.

雖然訓練時間只有幾年，但強度相當大。

You'll be learning a large amount of information incredibly quickly, so don't think it'll

你將會以難以置信的速度學習大量的資訊，所以不要認為它會

be a walk in the park.

是公園裡的散步。

During your training, you'll be missing weddings and other personal events to prioritize

在你訓練期間，你會錯過婚禮和其他個人活動，以優先考慮。

your future career.

你未來的事業。

If you want to be on a medical team and see your own patients, but ultimately answer to

如果你想成為醫療團隊中的一員，給自己的病人看病，但最終還是要對自己的病人負責。

a physician for guidance, then consider being a PA.

醫師的指導，那就考慮做一個PA。

There's shorter training to get out into the real world and a more relaxed lifestyle

訓練時間更短，可以走入現實世界，生活方式更輕鬆。

with shift work rather than being always on.

與輪班工作，而不是總是在。

If you are currently on the nursing tract and want to go to the next level, consider

如果你目前在護理領域，並想更上一層樓，可以考慮以下幾點

becoming an NP, which we'll cover in a future video.

成為一名NP，我們將在未來的視頻中介紹。

If you want more control, autonomy, and depth, knowing the ins and outs of various diseases,

如果你想獲得更多的控制權、自主權和深度，瞭解各種疾病的來龍去脈。

including the obscure ones, be at the pinnacle of patient care and research, or be a high

包括默默無聞的，處於病人護理和研究的巔峰，或者是一個高的

level educator, go to medical school and become a physician.

級教育工作者，去醫學院當醫生。

These are all tradeoffs and there's no right or wrong here.

這些都是取捨，這裡沒有對錯。

You have to figure out what type of life you want.

你要搞清楚自己想要什麼樣的生活。

Look at the future paths of each, and see which is better suited to your personality,

看看各自未來的發展道路，看看哪個更適合自己的個性。

values, and long term desires.

價值觀，以及長期的願望。

Big shout out to Stephen Benton, pulmonology and critical care PA, for helping me in the

大力讚揚肺科和重症監護PA的Stephen Benton，感謝他對我的幫助。

creation of this video.

本視頻的創作。

Be sure to check out his Instagram to explore the PA profession and the humanistic side

一定要看看他的Instagram，探索PA專業和人文的一面。

of healthcare.

的保健。

Link in the description.

說明中的鏈接。

If you enjoyed this video, check out my video comparing the competitiveness of PA school

如果你喜歡這段視頻，可以看看我的視頻，比較PA學校的競爭力。

to NP school to medical school, or my So You Want to Be video on being a doctor.

到NP學校到醫學院，或我的所以你想成為醫生的視頻。

What should I cover in the next So You Want to Be?

接下來的《你想成為》應該包括哪些內容？

Let me know with a comment down below.

請在下面留言告訴我。

Much love, and I'll see you guys in that next one.

很愛你們，我們下一場見。