Inductors, capacitors, and resistors all react differently to AC voltage.

電感、電容和電阻對交流電壓的反應都不同。

But, in all three cases, the frequency of the AC current will be exactly equal to the frequency of the voltage.

但是，在所有三種情況下，交流電流的頻率將完全等於電壓的頻率。

Let us call the voltage at this point the "Input Voltage".

讓我們將此時的電壓稱為「輸入電壓」。

This is the voltage that we control.

這是我們控制的電壓。

In the case of an ideal resistor,

在理想電阻的情況下，

the current that flows is always proportional to the difference in the voltage values at the two sides of the resistor.

流過的電流總是與電阻兩側電壓值的差值成正比。

This means that if the only components in our circuits are ideal resistors,

這意味著如果我們電路中的唯一元件是理想電阻，

then the amplitude of the current that flows is independent of the voltage's frequency.

那麼流過的電流幅度與電壓頻率無關。

Now, suppose we replace the resistor on the right with a capacitor.

現在，假設我們用電容替換右側的電阻。

Once the capacitor is charged, both sides of the resistor will have the same voltage, and no current will flow.

一旦電容充電，電阻兩端的電壓相同，沒有電流會流動。

Current flows only if we change the value of the input voltage.

只有當我們改變輸入電壓的值時，電流才會流動。

The amount of current that flows depends on the difference in the voltage values of the two sides of the resistor.

流動的電流量取決於電阻兩側電壓值的差異。

If we change the value of the input voltage slowly,

如果我們慢慢改變輸入電壓的值，

then the voltage values of the two sides of the resistor will tend to stay at about the same voltage.

那麼電阻器兩側的電壓值將趨於保持在大約相同的電壓。

This means that only a small amount of current will flow through this circuit at low frequency.

這意味著只有少量電流以低頻流過該電路。

At high frequency, a larger amount of current will flow.

在高頻率下，將流過更大量的電流。

This is because if we vary the input voltage quickly as shown,

這是因為如果我們如圖所示快速改變輸入電壓，

the capacitor never has enough time to charge, and the voltage across it always stays close to zero.

電容沒有足夠的時間充電，並且它兩端的電壓始終保持接近零。

Having a voltage across the capacitor that is always close to zero

若電容器兩端的電壓始終接近零，

allows a larger voltage difference between the two ends of the resistor, allowing more current to flow.

電阻兩端之間的電壓差較大，從而允許更多電流流動。

Since the voltage across the capacitor does not have the ability to change instantaneously,

由於電容兩端的電壓無法瞬間改變，

the voltage across the capacitor changes after the current changes.

電流變化後，電容兩端的電壓會發生變化。

Let's turn off the input voltage.

我們關閉輸入電壓。

Now let's replace the capacitor with an inductor.

現在讓我們用電感替換電容。

An inductor exerts a force preventing the current flowing through it from changing instantaneously.

電感器施加力防止流過它的電流瞬間改變。

If the input voltage is constant, then the inductor will not exert any forces, and it will therefore not impede the flow of current.

如果輸入電壓恆定，則電感器不會施加任何力，因此它不會阻礙電流的流動。

If the input voltage changes, the inductor will initially try to keep the current through it at the same value as before.

如果輸入電壓發生變化，電感首先嘗試將電流保持在與之前相同的值。

After we change the voltage, we need to wait for the current to change.

在我們改變電壓後，我們需要等待電流改變。

After the current changes, the inductor then wants to keep the current at this new value.

在電流變化之後，電感器希望將電流保持在這個新值。

If we change the input voltage very rapidly as shown, the current will not have enough time to change.

如果我們如圖所示非常快速地改變輸入電壓，則電流將沒有足夠的時間來改變。

This means that only a small amount of current will flow through the inductor at high frequency.

這意味著只有少量電流將以高頻流過電感。

At low frequency, more current will flow.

在低頻率下，會有更多電流流過。

In this sense, an inductor has the opposite behavior of a capacitor.

從這個意義上講，電感具有與電容相反的特性。

Also, whereas the voltage across a capacitor can't change instantaneously,

而且，電容兩端的電壓不能瞬間改變，

for an inductor it is the current that can't change instantaneously.

對於電感來說，電流是瞬間無法改變的。

This means that for an inductor, the current changes after the voltage changes.

這意味著對於電感，電流在電壓變化後會發生變化。

The frequency of the input voltage is only one of the factors that determines how much the inductor will impede the flow of current.

輸入電壓的頻率只是決定電感阻礙電流流動的因素之一。

Another factor is the amount of inductance the inductor has.

另一個因素是電感的電感量。

If the inductor has a higher inductance, then a smaller amount of AC current will flow through it.

如果電感具有更高的電感量，那麼少量的交流電流就會流過它。

This is because with a higher inductance,

這是因為電感量更高，

the inductor will exert a greater force trying to keep the current flowing through it constant.

電感會發揮更大的作用力，試圖保持流過它的電流不變。

In this example, even though we have a low frequency,

在這個例子中，即使我們的頻率很低，

we still have a small amount of AC current flowing due to the fact that the value of the inductance is high.

由於電感值很高，我們仍然會有少量的交流電流流過。

Increasing the capacitance of a capacitor has the opposite effect of increasing the inductance of an inductor.

增加電容的電容量具有增加電感的電感量的相反效果。

If a capacitor has a higher capacitance, then a larger amount of AC current will flow through it.

如果電容具有更高的電容量，則會有更大量的交流電流流過它。

This is due to the fact that with a higher capacitance, the capacitor charges and discharges more slowly.

這是因為電容量更高，電容的充電和放電速度更慢。

Therefore, in this case, the voltage across the capacitor stays close to zero,

因此，在這種情況下，電容兩端的電壓保持接近零，

thereby allowing a larger difference in voltage to develop at the two ends of the resistor,

從而允許在電阻兩端產生更大的電壓差，

thereby allowing more current to flow.

從而允許更多的電流流動。