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  • We're heading to Mars again.

    我們又要去火星了

  • But this time, it will be the first round-trip mission, not to the Red Planet itself, but to its moons.

    但這一次,它將是第一次往返任務,不是去紅色星球本身,而是去它的衛星。

  • In case you didn't know, Mars actually has two moons

    你可能不知道,火星其實有兩顆衛星。

  • and JAXA is planning to land on one of them, Phobos,

    而日本宇宙航空研究開發機構正計劃在其中的 "Phobos "上登陸。

  • and map the other, Deimos.

    並映射出另一個,迪莫斯。

  • Once there, the spacecraft will observe and collect samples for return to Earth,

    一旦到了那裡,該航天器將進行觀測並收集樣本,以便返回地球。

  • bringing back dust and rocks that haven't been present on Mars for billions of years.

    把火星上幾十億年來都沒有出現過的塵埃和岩石帶回來。

  • The information held within the surface material

    表面材料中的資訊

  • could potentially help us understand the formation of the Red Planet and its moons

    有可能幫助我們瞭解紅色星球及其衛星的形成... ...

  • and by extension, the formation of our solar system.

    並延伸出太陽系的形成。

  • Or these samples could hold valuable clues to how life could have begun.

    或者說,這些樣本可以提供有價值的線索,說明生命是如何開始的。

  • This mission, known as Martian Moons eXploration, or MMX,

    這項任務被稱為 "火星探月",即MMX。

  • is hoping that Phobos and Deimos could provide some insights on a few key areas of debate.

    希望Phobos和Deimos能夠就幾個關鍵的辯論領域提出一些見解。

  • Starting with, where did these moons come from?

    首先,這些月亮是怎麼來的?

  • The first theory is that the moons are leftover fragments from a giant impact Mars experienced

    第一種說法是,衛星是火星經歷過的一次巨大撞擊後留下的碎片。

  • during its formation.

    在其形成過程中。

  • If this is true, the moons could reveal rare clues about Mars' early environment.

    如果這是真的,這些衛星可能會揭示出有關火星早期環境的罕見線索。

  • The second theory is that these moons are captured asteroids,

    第二種說法是,這些衛星是被捕獲的小行星。

  • pulled into Mars' orbit separately after it formed.

    形成後分別拉入火星軌道。

  • If this is true, the samples brought back could not only determine the moon's origin

    如果這是真的,帶回來的樣本不僅可以確定月球的來源。

  • but also clarify how volatile substances, such as water, are brought to planets, making them habitable.

    但也明確了水等揮發性物質是如何被帶到行星上,使其適合居住的。

  • Regardless of where the moons came from,

    不管月亮是怎麼來的。

  • they are expected to have accumulated at least a billion years worth of ejected material

    預計它們至少積累了價值10億年的彈射物質。

  • from the Martian surface.

    從火星表面。

  • This is just another valuable source of data that researchers can dive into.

    這只是研究人員可以深入研究的另一個寶貴的數據來源。

  • So, it's really a win-win scenario.

    所以,這真的是一個雙贏的方案。

  • No matter what the samples tell us, we'll finally have some answers.

    不管樣本告訴我們什麼,我們終於有了一些答案。

  • With so much at stake and other countries failing to make it to the moons, how has JAXA prepared?

    事關重大,其他國家都未能登上月球,JAXA是如何準備的?

  • Well, this isn't their first space rodeo.

    嗯,這不是他們的第一次太空競技。

  • MMX will actually be the agency's third sample-return mission.

    MMX實際上將是該機構的第三次樣品返回任務。

  • In 2003 they sent Hayabusa to collect samples from the small asteroid Itokawa,

    2003年,他們派出隼鳥號從小行星 "板川 "上採集樣本。

  • successfully returning in 2010.

    2010年成功迴歸。

  • And in 2014, they sent Hayabusa2 to the asteroid Ryugu.

    而在2014年,他們將隼鳥2號送到了小行星龍宮。

  • Learning from the challenges and achievements of these previous missions,

    從以往這些任務的挑戰和成就中吸取經驗教訓。

  • MMX will be utilizing a lot of the same strategies to collect the samples and return home.

    MMX將利用很多相同的策略來收集樣本並返回家中。

  • MMX system's design is composed of three modules: the propulsion, exploration, and return.

    MMX系統的設計由三個模塊組成:推進、探索、返回。

  • These modules give the craft a total launch mass of about 4,000 kg.

    這些模塊使該飛行器的總髮射品質約為4000公斤。

  • Before landing on Phobos, MMX will use its suite of instruments to conduct remote sensing observations

    在登陸火衛一之前,MMX將使用其一套儀器進行遙感觀測。

  • that will help determine the composition of the moon.

    這將有助於確定月球的組成。

  • These consist of cameras, spectrometers,

    這些包括相機、光譜儀。

  • a light detection and ranging instrument, a dust instrument, and a gamma-ray and neutron instrument.

    一個光探測和測距儀、一個塵埃儀、一個伽馬射線和中子儀;

  • There have even been some recent additions from JAXA, including a super high-definition 8K camera

    最近JAXA甚至還增加了一些新的產品,包括一臺超高清8K相機。

  • and a rover that will explore the surface of Phobos,

    和一輛將探索火衛一表面的漫遊車。

  • conducting observations with its own spectrometer, radiometer, and wheel cameras.

    用自己的光譜儀、輻射計和輪式攝影機進行觀測。

  • As for their sampling system, JAXA is going with a double sampling approach.

    至於他們的採樣系統,JAXA採用的是雙重採樣方式。

  • Remember, this moon has never been visited before.

    記住,這個月球以前從未有人來過。

  • Much is unknown about the regolith on Phobos and it's possible ties to planet formation

    關於火衛一上的碎石以及它與行星形成的可能關係,還有很多未知數... ...

  • or even how life began in the solar system.

    甚至生命是如何在太陽系中開始的。

  • The first approach will use a robotic arm to collect a sample of regolith 2 cm beneath the moon's surface,

    第一種方法將使用機械臂收集月球表面下2釐米處的雷公石樣本。

  • also known as a core sample.

    又稱芯樣。

  • The second approach, called pneumatic sampling,

    第二種方法,叫氣動採樣。

  • will collect regolith from the surface,

    將收集地表的碎石。

  • using air pressure to push the sample into a collection chamber.

    利用空氣壓力將樣品推入收集室。

  • JAXA plans on launching this moon-hunting mission sometime in 2024,

    日本宇宙航空研究開發機構計劃在2024年的某個時候發射這項探月任務。

  • and so far, it's on track.

    到目前為止,它的軌道上。

  • But before we all get too excited, it will be awhile before we get to check out these samples,

    不過,在大家還沒有太興奮之前,我們還需要一段時間才能查看這些樣品。

  • as MMX isn't scheduled to come home until 2029.

    因為MMX要到2029年才會回家。

  • However, it will be worth the wait for this potentially groundbreaking data,

    然而,為了這個潛在的突破性數據,這將是值得等待的。

  • as it could reveal how our solar system formed

    因為它可以揭示太陽系的形成過程

  • and maybe even how life started on our planet.

    甚至可能是我們星球上的生命是如何開始的。

  • Not only that, but the success of the very first Mars return mission will be a landmark step

    不僅如此,首次火星迴歸任務的成功將是具有里程碑意義的一步。

  • towards shuttling humans to the Red Planet.

    朝著將人類穿梭到紅色星球的方向發展。

  • To find out more about other missions heading to Mars,

    要了解更多關於其他前往火星的任務。

  • check out our Countdown to Launch playlist here.

    在這裡查看我們的啟動倒計時播放列表。

  • And if there's another mission you'd like to see us cover, let us know in the comments below.

    如果還有其他你想看到我們報道的任務,請在下面的評論中告訴我們。

  • Make sure to subscribe and thanks for watching.

    一定要訂閱,謝謝觀看。

We're heading to Mars again.

我們又要去火星了

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